Bøger om Østeuropa

>Whether you find yourself in the shoes of a curious student, an intrepid traveller, or simply an individual keen to unravel Romania's historical tapestry, this book proves an indispensable companion. Its impeccably structured layout and lucid prose invite you to navigate seamlessly through the annals of time, allowing for the swift discovery of specific historical nuggets. From the enigmatic realms of ancient Dacian civilisations to the contemporary tapestry of modernity, this book casts a wide net, thoroughly encompassing the essential facets of Romania's historical odyssey. It endows you with a profound grasp of the historical backdrop and cultural heritage that have lent this country its unique character. Presented in a concise format, it caters to those seeking a swift reference point or a doorway into Romania's historical narrative. This literary gem furnishes you with a panoramic overview while retaining the utmost precision and depth. It presents information in the refined and accessible cadence of British English, rendering it an exemplary resource for those embarking on a quest for knowledge about Romania's diverse historical foundations. Whether you aspire to rekindle your familiarity with a specific historical epoch or cultivate a general understanding of Romania's past, this book stands ready to deliver dependable insights and guide you through the triumphs, tribulations, and cultural metamorphoses that have moulded Romania's identity, offering an expedition through the corridors of time. In summation, This book unfurls as an engaging and enlightening tone, providing a concise yet comprehensive glimpse into Romania's historical tapestry. It emerges as an outstanding companion for anyone driven to delve into the riveting chronicles of this nation and to cultivate a profound appreciation for its bountiful cultural legacy.

To support defense planners in crafting effective deterrence strategies, RAND researchers assess the impact of U.S. forward presence, exercises and short-term deployments, and security cooperation on deterrence in Europe and the Middle East.

"Years after the death of their beloved son, there is a knock at the door of Nikolai and Vera's apartment. Introducing himself simply as 'Sergeant Bertrand', the unknown visitor triggers a precipitous journey into the depths of the human soul"--

Writing in the 1920s, Winston Churchill argued that the First World War on the Eastern Front was "incomparably the greatest war in history. In its scale, in its slaughter, in the exertions of the combatants, in its military kaleidoscope, it far surpasses by magnitude and intensity all similar human episodes." It was, he concluded, "the most frightful misfortune" to fall upon mankind "since the collapse of the Roman Empire before the Barbarians." Yet Churchill was an exception, and the war in the east has long been seen as a sideshow to the brutal combat on the Western Front. Finally, with The Eastern Front-the first major history of that arena in fifty years-the acclaimed historian Nick Lloyd corrects the record.Drawing on the latest scholarship as well as eyewitness reports, diary entries, and memoirs, Lloyd moves from the great battles of 1914 to the final collapse of the Central Powers in 1918, showing how a local struggle between Austria-Hungary and Serbia spiraled into a massive conflagration that pulled in Germany, Russia, Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria. The Eastern Front was a vast theater of war that brought about the collapse of three empires and produced almost endless suffering. As many as sixteen million soldiers and two million civilians were killed or wounded in enormous battles that took place across as much as one hundred kilometers. Unlike in the west, where stalemate ruled the day, the war in the east was fluid, with armies embarking on penetrating advances. Lloyd narrates the repeated invasions of Serbia as well as the great battles between Russian, German, and Austrian forces at Tannenberg, Komarów, Gorlice-Tarnów, and the Masurian Lakes. All along, he takes us into the strategy of the generals who decided the war's course, from the Germans Ludendorff and Hindenburg to the Austro-Hungarian chief, Conrad von Hötzendorf, to the brilliant Russian Brusilov.Perhaps the most radical aspect of the struggle in the east was that the violence was not confined to combatants. The Eastern Front witnessed calculated attacks against civilians that ripped the ethnic and religious fabric of numerous societies, paving the way for the horrors of the Holocaust. Lloyd's magisterial, definitive account of the war in the east will fundamentally alter our understanding of the cataclysmic events that reshaped Europe and the world.

Despite repeated warnings from the White House, Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world. Why did Putin start the war-and why has it unfolded in previously unimaginable ways? Ukrainians have resisted a superior military; the West has united, while Russia grows increasingly isolated.Serhii Plokhy, a leading historian of Ukraine and the Cold War, offers a definitive account of this conflict, its origins, course, and the already apparent and possible future consequences. Though the current war began eight years before the all-out assault-on February 27, 2014, when Russian armed forces seized the building of the Crimean parliament-the roots of this conflict can be traced back even earlier, to post-Soviet tensions and imperial collapse in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Providing a broad historical context and an examination of Ukraine and Russia's ideas and cultures, as well as domestic and international politics, Plokhy reveals that while this new Cold War was not inevitable, it was predictable.Ukraine, Plokhy argues, has remained central to Russia's idea of itself even as Ukrainians have followed a radically different path. In a new international environment defined by the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the disintegration of the post-Cold War international order, and a resurgence of populist nationalism, Ukraine is now more than ever the most volatile fault line between authoritarianism and democratic Europe.

"What would it feel like To Run the World? Soviet rulers spent the Cold War trying desperately to find out. Perennial insecurities, delusions of grandeur, and desire for recognition propelled Moscow on a headlong quest for global power, with dire consequences and painful legacies that continue to shape our world"--

"Secret police are central actors in dictatorships, yet we know very little about these institutions. Exploring communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe, Henry Thomson opens this black box for the first time. This book will appeal to anyone interested in how authoritarian regimes and their secret police forces work"--

"For weeks before Russia's invasion of Ukraine, John J. Sullivan, the U.S. ambassador in Moscow, was warning that it would happen. When troops finally crossed the border, he was woken in the middle of the night with a prearranged code. ... Sullivan leads readers into the offices of the U.S. embassy and the halls of the Kremlin during this climactic period--among the most dangerous since World War II. He shows how the Putin regime repeatedly lied about its intentions to invade Ukraine in the weeks leading up to the attack, while also devoting huge numbers of personnel and vast resources to undermining the U.S. diplomatic mission in Russia. And he explains how, when Putin ultimately gave the order to launch a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, he proved that Russia was not just at war with its neighbor: it was also at war, in a very real sense, with the United States, and with everything that it represents"--

This book looks at uniforms, rank-system, and organization for a new type of Turkish Soldier, other than Janissary providing the main Soldier-type during the French Revolution, and Early Napoleonic Wars. Debut of the Levend Chiftlik Regiment in 1799, during the French siege of Acre, and in the British-Turkish campaign in Egypt to expel the French occupation, introduced the Nizam-i Cedid: New Order Army. Having its beginning as part of the reforms of Sultan Selim III (1789 till 1807), several Anatolian Infantry Regiments, a Field Artillery Regiment, and two Galeonjees: New Order Army Marine Regiments came into existence. The book also covers Arnaut: Albanian Infantry; late-18th Century Turkish Generalship and Officers' command; Standing Army's tactics; New Order Army Infantry Soldier's weapons and equipment; and, the 1806 till 1807 events leading to the New Order Army's suppression and demise of Sultan Selim III.

The Ottoman Empire, spanning over six centuries from its inception in the early 14th century to its dissolution in the aftermath of World War I, remains an enduring testament to the might and cultural richness of one of history's most influential empires. This remarkable realm, rooted in Anatolia and expanding to encompass vast swaths of Europe, Asia, and Africa, left an indelible mark on the world, leaving behind a legacy of power and culture that continues to captivate and inspire.At the zenith of its power, the Ottoman Empire was a juggernaut, wielding formidable military might and diplomatic finesse. Its armies conquered iconic cities like Constantinople, now modern-day Istanbul, in 1453, marking a pivotal moment in history. Under the leadership of dynamic sultans such as Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottomans extended their dominion from Vienna in the west to Baghdad in the east, imprinting their rule on diverse peoples and regions. Their military prowess and strategic alliances kept European powers and neighboring empires in awe and fear.Yet, the Ottoman Empire was not just about military conquests. It was a crucible of culture, art, and innovation. It absorbed and synthesized influences from the Byzantine, Persian, Arab, and European worlds, giving birth to a distinctive Ottoman culture. Its architecture, exemplified by the grandeur of the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace, showcased intricate tile work and exquisite design. The Ottomans fostered a thriving literary tradition, producing iconic poets like Rumi and Hafez. Their calligraphy and miniature painting flourished, while their cuisine, with dishes like kebabs and baklava, became legendary.Religious tolerance was a hallmark of the Ottoman Empire, where Christians, Jews, and Muslims coexisted, each contributing to the vibrant tapestry of Ottoman society. The devshirme system, which recruited talented individuals from non-Muslim communities into the elite Janissary corps, exemplified this inclusive approach.The Ottoman Empire's legacy is felt in the modern Middle East, Balkans, and Anatolia, where its borders and institutions still shape the political landscape. Its cultural influences have reverberated through time, impacting music, art, and cuisine far beyond its borders.In conclusion, the Ottoman Empire's enduring legacy of power and culture is a testament to its profound impact on the course of history. Its conquests and innovations continue to inspire and educate, reminding us of the remarkable fusion of strength and sophistication that defined this remarkable empire.

Für die Kulturpolitiker der Ostblockstaaten war Musik in herrschaftspolitischer Hinsicht viel zu bedeutend, als dass sie die Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet dem Zufall überlassen wollten. Die Beiträge des von Rüdiger Ritter herausgegebenen Bandes fragen daher nach den gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen musikalischer Dynamiken. Bekannte Beschreibungsmuster, wie etwa von Musik als Ausdruck eines Freiheitswillens, werden auf den Prüfstand gestellt und mit entsprechenden Entwicklungen beispielsweise in Westeuropa oder in den USA parallelisiert. Schließlich geht es um die Frage, ob und wie die staatssozialistischen Vergangenheiten die Bedeutung der Musik für gesellschaftliche Prozesse auch im Postsozialismus, d.¿h. seit 1989/91 und bis heute, bestimmten.Die Beiträge dokumentieren eine internationale Konferenz, die im Jahr 2019 am Johann-Gottfried-Herder-Institut in Marburg stattfand.

"... Les dehors peu avenants de Rome, sordides, enfumés, honnis des étrangers lui paraissaient de plus en plus s'harmoniser avec les trésors que cette ville recèle en son sein. Tomber au sortir de cet enchantement sur une artère à la mode bordée de luxueux magasins, parcourue par une foule élégante et de fringants équipages, eût gâté son plaisir, lui eût semblé une sorte de sacrilège. Il trouvait plus adéquate à la majesté romaine cette quiète humilité; ce mirage du XVIIIème siècle surgissant de-ci de-là sous la forme d'un noir abbé en tricorne, bas et souliers noirs, ou d'un vieux carrosse de cardinal à la caisse, aux roues, aux armoiries dorées ; ce peuple à la vivacité pondérée, à la démarche gravement plaisante, déambulant, enveloppé dans un semblant de manteau ou la veste, négligemment jetée sur l'épaule, les traits empreints d'une expression particulière, bien éloignée de cette pénible tension qui l'avait tant frappé chez les blousards et en général chez tous les Parisiens..."

Embark on an extraordinary adventure through the captivating streets of Bucharest, the vibrant capital of Romania. This comprehensive travel guide is your passport to uncovering the hidden gems and iconic landmarks that make Bucharest a true gem of Eastern Europe. Immerse yourself in the city's rich history as you stroll through the historic Old Town, where medieval charm blends seamlessly with modern vibrancy. Marvel at the architectural wonders that grace the skyline, from the grandeur of the Palace of the Parliament to the elegant facades of the French-inspired buildings. Experience the cultural heartbeat of Bucharest as you delve into its thriving arts and music scene. Lose yourself in the mesmerizing melodies of world-class concerts, be captivated by stunning performances in prestigious theaters, and explore the diverse galleries that showcase the talents of local artists. Indulge your taste buds in a gastronomic journey, savoring traditional Romanian dishes and international flavors at trendy cafes, bistros, and Michelin-starred restaurants. Dive into the bustling markets and boutiques, where you'll find unique souvenirs, artisanal crafts, and fashionable treasures. Escape to Bucharest's green oases, where parks and gardens offer a breath of fresh air amidst the urban landscape. Relax, rejuvenate, and reconnect with nature in tranquil settings that are perfect for a leisurely stroll or a peaceful picnic. With practical tips, insightful recommendations, and a wealth of cultural knowledge, this guide will be your trusted companion as you navigate Bucharest's vibrant streets, uncover its hidden treasures, and create unforgettable memories in this dynamic and enchanting city. Prepare to be captivated by Bucharest's timeless charm and embrace the warmth and hospitality of its people.

Le Portrait narre les aventures d'un peintre, Tchartkov, incarnanation de l'artiste romantique, consacrant sa vie à un art sans compromis. Poussé par une force mystérieuse, le jeune homme utilise ses derniers roubles à l'achat d'un tableau chez un brocanteur. Rentré chez lui, il se rend compte de l'incroyable vie qui se dégage du vieil homme qui est dépeint sur la toile et, en particulier, de ses yeux. Plus tard, il découvre une énorme somme d'argent cachée dans le cadre. Devenu artiste à la mode, il gaspille désormais son talent. Lorsqu'il s'en rend compte, le peintre maudit dérive vers la folie.

Cette nouvelle raconte le souvenir émouvant d'Athanase Ivanovitch et de Pulchérie Ivanovna avec de belles descriptions et riches commentaires sur la vie rurale en Russie au temps de Gogol. Extrait: " Je ne puis oublier deux petits vieux du siècle passé : ils ne sont plus de ce monde, hélas ! mais la pitié me gagne et j'éprouve toujours au c¿ur un serrement bizarre en songeant que si le sort m'amène quelque jour devant leur domaine abandonné, je découvrirai peut-être au lieu de chaumières un monceau de décombres, un marécage à la place de l'étang, et sur l'emplacement de leur demeure une douve envahie par les ronces... et rien de plus. Oui, il me suffit d'y penser pour que je me sente triste, affreusement triste à l'avance."

Cette nouvelle se présente sous la forme d'un journal intime, tenu par le héros principal, Poprichtchine. Dans un premier temps, celui-ci décrit des épisodes de sa vie, de son travail ainsi que les diverses personnes qu'il côtoie. Puis il se met à confier les sentiments qu'il éprouve au sujet de la fille de son directeur. Des premiers signes de folie ne tardent pas à apparaître: le héros espionne discrètement les discussions de Medji, la chienne de cette fille. Il finit par mettre la main sur des lettres que Medji a écrites à une autre chienne. En l'espace de quelques jours, le fonctionnaire perd tous rapports avec la réalité; il comprend soudainement qu'il est en fait le roi d'Espagne. Sa démence se reflète jusque dans les dates de son journal: celui-ci commence un 3 octobre, mais le jour où il réalise qu'il est monarque est daté du 43 avril 2000. La fantaisie du héros se développe de plus belle au fil du temps. Il finit par être emmené de force dans un asile psychiatrique, alors que lui-même se figure arriver en Espagne. À la fin de la nouvelle il perd complètement la raison ; ses phrases deviennent totalement absconses. Ainsi la dernière : Hé, savez-vous que le dey d'Alger a une verrue juste en dessous du nez ?

Tarass Boulba est un cosaque ukrainien robuste et belliqueux. Ses deux fils, Andreï et Ostap, rentrant de Kiev après avoir fini leurs études, sont très vite conduits à la Setch, le campement militaire cosaque. Une rumeur circulant dans le camp constitue un motif suffisant pour entrer en guerre contre les Polonais, au nom de la défense de la foi orthodoxe.La campagne féroce est marquée par le passage à l'ennemi d'Andreï, qui cherche à rejoindre la fille du gouverneur. Pour sauver cette fille, Andreï devra apporter de la nourriture à la ville de Doubno, assiégée par les Cosaques. Au cours du combat, Tarass découvre son fils sous l'uniforme polonais. Tarass, humilié, le tue lui-même d'une balle dans le torse. Après l'arrivée de renforts polonais, la déroute des troupes cosaques est inévitable, Ostap est capturé et exécuté publiquement avec ses compagnons sous les yeux de son père qui reviendra avec d'autres cosaques pour essayer de le venger. Mais ce sera une nouvelle défaite, Tarass Boulba finira par être capturé, puis sera brûlé vif en rêvant, du haut de son bûcher, de la victoire définitive de la foi orthodoxe.