Bøger om Politiske- og socioøkonomiske grupperinger

Akademische Arbeit aus dem Jahr 2015 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Europäische Union, Note: 1,3, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Veranstaltung: Analysing Policies of the EU, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Als die weltweite Finanzkrise im Herbst 2009 schließlich auch Europa erreichte, war noch nicht abzusehen in welchem Ausmaß diese die Stabilität der Europäischen Union ins Wanken bringen würde. Die Erschütterung des Bankensystems, die vor allem die Peripherieländer der Eurozone traf, führte zu einer Reihe von Rettungsmaßnahmen, die jedoch nur eine kurzzeitige Verbesserung der Lage herbeiführten, die Situation aber auf längere Sicht erschwerten. Die bis dato wirtschaftlich starke Eurozone drohte aufgrund einer unzureichenden Krisenbekämpfung zu scheitern, da es weder klare Gesetzesregelungen zur Abwicklung notleidender Banken gab, geschweige denn ein Organ auf EU-Ebene mit der Bevollmächtigung über mögliche Hilfsmaßnahmen zu entscheiden. Eine bereits vor Einführung der gemeinsamen Euro-Währung oft diskutierte Angelegenheit kehrte somit mit aller Dringlichkeit zurück in den Fokus der politischen Debatte: die Schaffung einer einheitlich europäischen Bankenunion war schon lange überfällig und sollte nun, in der Hoffnung die weitere Ausbreitung der Krise in den Griff zu bekommen, schnellstmöglich umgesetzt werden. Am 30. Mai 2012 sprach der damalige EU-Kommissionspräsident José Manuel Barroso in Brüssel erstmals von der Einführung der Europäischen Bankenunion. Seitdem spalten die Verhandlungen bezüglich ihrer Umsetzung die Eurozone. Auch wenn sich bereits etwas getan hat, beispielsweise im Zuge der Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Bankenaufsicht, trifft die Europäische Union in einigen Bereichen, wie der Frage, ob es zukünftig eine harmonisierte Einlagensicherung geben wird, auf Kritik ¿ nicht selten gerade von deutscher Seite. Deswegen ist die Frage, ob die Schaffung der Europäischen Bankenunion eigentlich im deutschen Interesse ist, noch immer brandaktuell. Bei der Beantwortung dieser Frage werde ich mich auf die Rational Choice Theorie stützen, welche besagt, dass (politische) Akteure Entscheidungen stets rational treffen mit dem Ziel der eigenen Nutzenmaximierung. Dieser Ansatz ist hier gerade interessant, weil eine langfristige Nutzenmaximierung nicht unbedingt im Einverständnis mit kurzzeitigen Verbesserungen stehen muss.

This volume is the result of the work of scientists from several scientific disciplines who used various methods and forecasting techniques to answer the question: "What would happen if NATO and the EU weakened in the 21st century and Russia continued to influence the already strongly democratized and free-market societies in the region?" It is prognostic and intended to present the results of research on the political and social perception of the surveyed nations in the face of the weakening of the EU / NATO international security structures and the constant pressure from the Russian Federation in the 21st century.Please note: The research in this book covers the period 2020-2021.

International development is a contested territory. As emergencies grow in number and scale, international aid is increasingly unable to respond to the desperate need arising from them. In spite of the objectives established by the United Nations in 2000, global poverty persists, and worse still, the gap between "North" and "South" is widening nearly everywhere. Meanwhile, the challenges posed by climate change have been turning everything upside down over the past century.Despite these tremendous strains, communities in the North and South are beginning to take matters into their own hands. They are reinventing development around key principles, such as respect for human diversity; the right to live with dignity; the organic bond between humans; non-human life; nature; the importance of participation; and a democracy that reaches beyond the narrow boundaries that currently confine it.This book brings together perspectives from diverse backgrounds to reflect on the "why" and the "how" of this critical situation. Contributors from around the world present initiatives and hypotheses aimed at restoring the world--and development--to the right side up.This book is published in French.-Le développement international est un territoire contesté. À cause de l'aggravation des écarts entre le Nord et le Sud, de l'accroissement de la pauvreté mondiale et de l'urgence écologique, de nouveaux défis sociétaux émergent, s'accumulent et conduisent à des besoins criants qu'une aide internationale parvient de moins en moins à combler.Malgré ces tensions, des communautés du Nord et du Sud tentent de reprendre les choses en main et de réinventer le développement autour de principes clés: le respect de la diversité humaine; le droit de vivre dignement; le lien organique qui lie les êtres humains; la vie non humaine; la nature; et l'importance de la participation ainsi qu'une démocratie qui dépasse les limites étroites dans lesquelles elle est présentement confinée.Cette édition nouvelle et actualisée regroupe des chercheurs de contextes divers, à travers le monde, qui s'unissent pour comprendre non seulement le « pourquoi » de cette situation critique, mais aussi le « comment », qui permettrait de remettre le monde, et le développement, à l'endroit.Ce livre est publié en français.

Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 7 / 9, Maastricht University, course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: The Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action is a legislative act aiming to improve the governance structure of the internal energy market. The Regulation has been subject to academic dissensus and it remains unclear whether it has to be interpreted as a step towards renationalisation of the European Energy Policy or as increasing the powers of the Union¿s institutions. The discussion is caused by the Regulations¿ formulation which leaves room for interpretation and its effects are not sufficiently clear. This research aims to explain why the Governance Regulation materialised with ambiguous formulations. The issue is approached using Liberal Intergovernmentalist theory to explain this outcome. The theory can be used to explain regional integration and particularly European integration well and is based on intergovernmentalism but also includes aspects of realism and neo-liberalism which broadens the scope of the analysis. Concluding this contribution, it is found that the ambiguity of the Regulation was necessary due to cleavages among the Member States and to meet the smallest common denominator which allows for a first step of a common governance in European Energy Policy.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: 2,3, University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart, language: English, abstract: The average global temperature is rising since years due to the increase of greenhouse gases. Human activities cause this phenomenon, which allows the solar energy to enter the atmosphere but not to outgo it. Melting glaciers leading to a rise of the sea level is just one of numerous consequences, which could endanger insular states or any other coastal areas. Extreme weather events yield to floods and droughts in areas in which environmental disasters didn¿t occur before. For this reason, especially for poor countries, who can¿t handle the aftermaths, are affected which represents a danger for their food production but also for the lives of many people. For instance, heatwaves have already caused many of deaths. In addition, the agricultural area and the availability of fresh water is decreasing because of the rising temperatures. The dropping stocks of aliment, as for example fish, causes regional conflicts, famines and flows of refugees. Moreover, many kinds of plants and animal become extinct owing to the results of the climate change. As you can see the global warming is affecting not only the liquefying poles and the polar bears but also us, the hole humanity and the living standard of future generations. The United Nation (UN) estimates the number of migrants who are forced to leave their homeland by reason of the environment by several million people. So how exactly can we protect the climate, what is climate protection, what is the contribution of the European Union (EU) to it and why do we need a European climate policy?

Africa's unique position as an international diplomatic actor has not always been given the attention it deserves. This volume bridges this gap by offering a fresh, comprehensive and realistic overview of African diplomacy.

The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

This booklet examines the range of domestic water containers commonly found in low-income countries and explores the role that water containers have in ensuring that household water supplies are adequate and safe. It also explains why planning for a water supply system should not end at the public tap or village well but extend to the place where the water is used. Understanding the ways in which people use water containers and designing the supply system to take account of this will help engineers to provide a better and safer service.

The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery.

For centuries, Small Water Enterprises (SWEs) have supplied a large share of the water market in the urban centres of most low-income countries. Such SWEs have proved themselves economically viable, and often operate in competitive conditions. They extend water services to informal settlements that have little prospect of being supplied with piped water from the local utility. Unfortunately, they attract comparatively little investment, and even less support from governments. The incremental but critically important improvements they can provide tend to be overlooked by governments and international agencies. This book is one of a series of outputs from a project designed to identify and test out ways of improving the water services delivered to the urban poor through SWEs. Along with the other books in the series listed below, it will prove an invaluable resource for water utility managers and policymakers.

The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case report from Karachi, Pakistan.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. Longer term contracts such as concessions and lease offer improvements in existing and new infrastructure. This document is about how to make such pro-poor contracts.

Getting research findings out to those who stand to benefit from them is now widely recognised as a crucial aspect of any research project. This book is a product of the second phase of a DFID-funded KaR project that is aimed at increasing the impact of research through improved dissemination of the research process and findings. It develops the ideas from phase one of the project 'Spreading the Word: Practical guidelines for research dissemination strategies' (Saywell and Cotton, 1999). Based on in-depth consultation with Southern agencies about appropriate methods and formats by which to share information and knowledge relating to development research projects, this book provides dissemination checklists and guidelines. It also provides a useful overview of the issues and more specific advise for anyone engaged in development-related research, whether as contractors, practitioners or donors, at all stages of the project cycle.

This synthesis note introduces other resource material availiable on the operation and maintenance (O&M) of urban services. Designed for policy-makers who need to optimize investments in services for the urban poor and professional staff employed in public utilities in developing countries, it also summarises the key issues and recent research findings; presents an overview of O&M and the difficult questions which still remain; and examines some of the requirements for success.

The livelihoods of many thousands of poor people in low-income countries rely on collecting and recycling solid waste. Small waste collection vehicles (SWCVs) such as wheelbarrows and cycle carts play a vital role, enabling individuals to transport more waste, faster, further and with greater ease and safety. However, many are inappropriately designed, giving rise to difficulty, danger and expense to users. This book is based on interim research findings of a Department for International Development (DFID) funded project (R7880). It examines SWCVs from social, technical and institutional angles, focusing on users but acknowledging the important linkages between different issues. The book also considers in some depth the process of user consultation in vehicle design. Fieldwork undertaken in five low- and middle-income countries combines with literature to provide extensive illustrated case-study material.

These guidelines are the result of two years collaborative research undertaken by WEDC with partners in Africa and South Asia. They demonstrate how water supply and sanitation projects in rural and peri-urban areas can be designed to meet user demand. The aim is to improve the use and sustainability of the services provided. The guidelines consist of three books: Book 1: Concept, Principles and Practice Book 2: Additional Notes for Policy Makers and Planners Book 3: Ensuring the Participation of the Poor.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case report from Karachi, Pakistan.

These guidelines are the result of two years collaborative research undertaken by WEDC with partners in Africa and South Asia. They demonstrate how water supply and sanitation projects in rural and peri-urban areas can be designed to meet user demand. The aim is to improve the use and sustainability of the services provided. The guidelines consist of three books: Book 1: Concept, Principles and Practice Book 2: Additional Notes for Policy Makers and Planners Book 3: Ensuring the Participation of the Poor. Concepts, Principles and Practice is intended for practitioners- engineers, social facilitators, financial specialists and managers - implementing water supply and sanitation projects in rural and peri-urban areas. This book is divided into two parts. The concept of demand is introduced in Part I, explaining what demand is and how it can be used to guide project design. Part II shows how the concept and principles described in Part I can be translated into practice, ensuring that vulnerable groups are included in the process.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. This report presents the case study from Kibera, Kenya.

These guidelines are the result of two years collaborative research undertaken by WEDC with partners in Africa and South Asia. They demonstrate how water supply and sanitation projects in rural and peri-urban areas can be designed to meet user demand. The aim is to improve the use and sustainability of the services provided. The guidelines consist of three books: Book 1: Concept, Principles and Practice Book 2: Additional Notes for Policy Makers and Planners Book 3: Ensuring the Participation of the Poor.

The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

Operation and Maintenance is aimed primarily at urban engineers and planners. It presents different strategies for managing O&M and considers how these can be applied to produce detailed plans for improved operation and maintenance at the neighbourhood, Ward and Municipal levels.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. These reports present the interim findings of an analysis of both the pre-contract and operational phases of a number of PPP contracts. Part A presents a summary and lesson learned. Details of the operational case studies are given in Part B. A broad view of PPPs has been taken and situations where the public sector is in partnership either with formal private sector companies, or with small scale local entrepreneurs, or with NGOs employed in a private sector capacity have been included.