Kognitiv videnskab

"Bird Brain is a winner. It is engaging and very well written, and the illustrations are excellent--dramatic, informative, and fun."--Frank Gill, author of Ornithology

Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Birmingham, course: English and Applied Linguistics, language: English, abstract: English speakers use metaphorical constructions to express their Self-Awareness unconsciously all the time, yet we barely think about what underlies these constructions. What does the phrase ¿find oneself¿ mean for example? Does a person ¿find oneself¿ in the same way one finds a coin on the sidewalk?Dr. Barry Grossman investigates the underlying conceptual commonality of these types of metaphorical phrases. It is the concept of Self-Awareness that these constructions have in common, not simply in reference to a speaker¿s self-knowledge, but an acute meta-awareness of one¿s state or situation. Self-Awareness turns out to be an image schema and numerous metaphors are construed and predicated with this as its base.This book combines syntax and semantics, as well as cognitive linguistic theory and corpus linguistic analyses to approach a contentious issue raised in the past by many, but explained sufficiently by few. It studies the cognitive reality of perceptual Self-Awareness as an image schema used to drive metaphoric construal within the reflexive construction.

"The human brain is an impossibly complex and delicate instrument - capable of extraordinary calculations, abundant creativity and linguistic dexterity. But the brain is not just the most brilliant of evolutionary wonders. It's also one of the most bizarre. This book shows a whole other side of how brains work - from the patient who is afraid to take a shower because she fears her body will slip down the drain to a man who is convinced, against all evidence, that he is a cat, and a woman who compulsively snacks on cigarette ashes. Entertaining though they are, these cases are more than just oddities. In attempting to understand them, neuroscientists have uncovered important details about how the brain works. BIZARRE will examine these details while explaining what neuroscience's most unusual patients have taught us about normal brain function -ideal both for readers seeking a better appreciation of the inner workings of the brain and those who simply want some extraordinary topics for dinner-party conversation."--Provided by publisher.

As 95 per cent of our brain activity carries on at a subconscious level, we‿re not always aware of why we think what we think and do the things we do. Sometimes these subconscious wirings can make us think or act in ways that are not optimal for our happiness ‿ they can bring out the illogical in us all. How Your Brain Is Wired draws on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of how the brain really works, empowering the reader to take control over their own behaviour. Full of insight and practical advice, it equips you with a toolkit of simple changes you can put into action to: * reduce conflict and anxiety * achieve a positive mindset * make better decisions * have more fun * and reach new goals. This book is about rewiring your attitudes; re-seeing yourself and your choices. It reveals something rather magical: how tiny tweaks to your behaviour can be all you need to deliver a big, sometimes thrilling, reboot to your life.

Using Documents presents an interdisciplinary theoretical discussion of human communication with documents in and after the "Gutenberg galaxy." Interdisciplinarity is taken seriously: looking back on existing work, texts on written communication by the philosopher and sociologist Georg Simmel and by an interdisciplinary French group of authors under the pseudonym Roger T. Pédauque are taken as a starting point and presented afresh (in part for the first time for an English-speaking audience). A look ahead to the future is attempted in contributions from an-again interdisciplinary-group of cultural scientists and cultural technologists who gathered at the University of Wuppertal in October 2019. Whereas the modeling (including technical modeling) of documents has to date largely been limited to the description of output forms and specific content, the foundations are laid here for including documents' contexts of use in models that are grounded in cultural theory. In this way, a hitherto largely unexplored intersection between media science and media technology is also investigated.

"Short, accessible primer on human memory, written by two leading psychological researchers"--

Illusionism is the view that phenomenal consciousness is an illusion. This book is a reprint of a special issue of the Journal of Consciousness Studies devoted to this topic. It takes the form of a target paper by the editor, followed by commentaries from various thinkers representing various academic disciplines.

With the rapidly growing demand for mental health care there is a need for efficient and effective psychological treatment options. Low Intensity Psychological Therapy has become well established in the England Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme as a beneficial and versatile treatment option for mild-moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. A Pragmatic Guide to Low Intensity Psychological Therapy: Care in High Volume, provides a guide to Low Intensity Psychological Therapy from the perspective of the Low Intensity Practitioner. This book describes the Low Intensity role as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to psychological care. The authors use a series of case vignettes, personal experience and current literature to help navigate the context of the role and its potential for ethical and safe expansion.

Short-listed for the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books, the Best Book of Ideas Prize, and the Society of Biology Book Awards • Book of the Year: Sunday Times, Sunday Express, and New ScientistA new consensus is emerging among cognitive scientists: rather than possessing fixed, unchanging memories, we create new recollections each time we are called upon to remember. As psychologist Charles Fernyhough explains, remembering is an act of narrative imagination as much as it is the product of a neurological process. In Pieces of Light, he illuminates this compelling scientific breakthrough in a series of personal stories, each illustrating memory's complex synergy of cognitive and neurological functions.Combining science and literature, the ordinary and the extraordinary, this fascinating tour through the new science of autobiographical memory helps us better understand the ways we remember?and the ways we forget.

Our brains are the most complex machines known to humankind, but they have an Achilles heel: the very molecules that allow us to exist can also sabotage our minds. Here are gripping accounts of unruly molecules and the diseases that form in their wake.A college student cannot remember if she has eaten breakfast. By dinner, she is strapped to a hospital bed, convinced she is battling zombies. A man planning to propose marriage instead becomes violently enraged, gripped by body spasms so severe that he nearly bites off his own tongue. One after another, poor farmers in South Carolina drop dead from a mysterious epidemic of dementia.With an intoxicating blend of history and intrigue, Sara Manning Peskin invites readers to play medical detective, tracing each diagnosis from the patient to an ailing nervous system. Along the way, Peskin entertains with tales of the sometimes outlandish, often criticized, and forever devoted scientists who discovered it all.Peskin never loses sight of the human impact of these conditions. Alzheimer's Disease is more than the gradual loss of a loved one; it can be a family's multigenerational curse. The proteins that abound in every cell of our bodies are not simply strings of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon; they are the building blocks of our personalities and relationships. A Molecule Away from Madness is an unputdownable journey into the deepest mysteries of our brains.

Pre-publication subtitle: how they shape our relationships, our well-being, and who we are.

"A short, reader-friendly treatment of happiness from a leading figure in positive psychology"--

Der Deutsch-Französische Krieg von 1870/71 gehört zu den einschneidenden Ereignissen europäischer Geschichte. Trotz einer Vielzahl von Denkmälern, Straßennamen und Plätzen, die in Deutschland und Frankreich bis heute auf den Krieg hinweisen, ist die kollektive Erinnerung daran stark verblasst. Dieser Band versammelt Beiträge aus transnationaler, regionaler und interdisziplinärer Perspektive und sucht nach neuen makro- und mikrohistorischen Zugängen. In fünf Sektionen werden zunächst politik-, militär- und mentalitätsgeschichtliche Annäherungen unternommen. Aus einer intellektuellen- und wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Sicht wird etwa die Rolle der Medizin behandelt. Auf die Beiträge zur Kriegsberichterstattung, Publizistik und den neuen Techniken der Fotografie folgen kunst- und musikwissenschaftliche Studien zur ästhetischen und kulturellen Aneignung des Krieges. Die letzte Sektion rekonstruiert den nationalen und lokalen Erinnerungsdiskurs beider Länder bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. This collection includes essays on the Franco-German War from a transnational, regional and interdisciplinary perspective and searches for new macro- and micro-historical access to this incisive event in European history. The five sections firstly contain approaches from the history of politics and mentalities as well as military studies. From the viewpoint of intellectual history and science studies the role of medicine is discussed among others. The articles on war reporting, journalism and the new techniques of photography are followed by studies from the fine arts and musicology that deal with aesthetic and cultural treatments of the war. The last section finally reconstructs the national and local memory discourse of both countries until the 20th century.

This volume, originally a special issue of the Journal of Consciousness Studies, uses the recent writings of Philip Goff as a jumping-off point for discussions of panpsychism -- the idea that consciousness is a fundamental and pervasive aspect of our universe that cannot be understood in other, more basic, terms.

Die Gewaltfrage ist eine der großen Fragen der Menschheitsgeschichte. Die Urszene der Gewalt ist die biblische Geschichte von Kain und Abel und dem Brudermord. Der »homo violens« steht im Zentrum der Beiträge dieses Bandes, der den Zusammenhang von Hochkultur und Gewalt behandelt und im Rahmen der Kooperation der Universität Bonn mit dem Collège de France (Ernst-Robert-Curtius-Gastprofessur) entstanden ist. Im ersten Teil widmen sich sieben Beiträge der Theorie und Geschichte der Gewalt in Theologie, Medizin, Politischer Theorie, Philosophie, Psychologie und Geschichte; im zweiten Teil befassen sich sechs Beiträge speziell mit dem Zusammenhang von Literatur und Gewalt im Zeitraum vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert. Die multidisziplinären Beiträge verstehen sich als Elemente einer Diskursgeschichte der Gewalt. The question of violence is one of the great questions of human history. The primal scene of violence is the biblical story of Cain and Abel and fratricide. This anthology deals with the connection between high culture and violence and was produced as part of the cooperation between the University of Bonn and the Collège de France (Ernst-Robert-Curtius Visiting Professorship). In the first part, seven contributions are devoted to the theory and history of violence in theology , medicine, political theory, philosophy, psychology and history; in the second part, six contributions deal specifically with the connection between literature and violence in the period from the 18th to the 20th century. The multidisciplinary contributions are understood as elements of a discourse history of violence.

"Brilliant, warm, and best of all-an actionable guide to a life well-lived."-Angela Duckworth, New York Times bestselling author of Grit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceScience-backed, research-driven, actionable strategies for countering stress and building your resilience In Everyday Vitality, psychiatrist Dr. Samantha Boardman shows readers how to find strength within their stress and how to transform full days into more fulfilling days. Drawing from scientific research and her own clinical experience, she shares strategies for cultivating vitality-the positive feeling of aliveness and energy that lies at the core of well-being and at the heart of a good day. You will discover how increased vitality boosts productivity, builds coping skills, and enhances your ability to manage negative emotions. Dr. Boardman demonstrates how to override counterproductive responses to the onslaught of daily hassles and to respond with flexibility and fortitude instead of fear and rumination. Rather than disengaging from the world while you "find yourself," she shows you how to boost your vitality by living well within the world.As Dr. Boardman explains, the three main wellsprings of vitality are: meaningfully connecting with others; engaging in experiences that challenge you; and contributing to something beyond yourself. These activities foster resilience by boosting emotional stamina and generating uplifts-the counterparts to daily irritations and annoyances. Whether it is having a good conversation, doing a favor for someone, going for a walk, or reading an interesting article and then calling a friend to talk about it, commonplace experiences and micromoments serve as the building blocks of everyday resilience. Everyday Vitality explains how to identify them in your life, develop them, and use them as a foundation on which to thrive. Whether you are twenty or eighty, Everyday Vitality will give you the tools you need to get the most out of each day and to live your life to the fullest.

A groundbreaking and timely book about how evolutionary biology can explain our black-and-white brains, and a lesson in how we can escape the pitfalls of binary thinking.Several million years ago, natural selection equipped us with binary, black-and-white brains. Though the world was arguably simpler back then, it was in many ways much more dangerous. Not coincidentally, the binary brain was highly adept at detecting risk-the ability to analyze threats and respond to changes in the sensory environment was essential to our survival as a species.Since then, the world has evolved-but we, for the most part, have not. Confronted with a panoply of shades of gray, our brains have a tendency to "force quit": to sort the things we see, hear, and experience into manageable but simplistic categories. We stereotype, pigeonhole, and, above all, draw lines where in reality there are none.In Black-and-White Thinking, the renowned psychologist Kevin Dutton pulls back the curtains of the mind to reveal a new way of thinking about a problem as old as humanity itself. While our instinct for categorization often leads us astray, encouraging polarization, rigid thinking, and sometimes outright denialism, it is an essential component of the mental machinery we use to make sense of the world. Using the latest advances in psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology, Dutton shows how we can optimize our tendency to categorize and fine-tune our minds to avoid the pitfalls of too little-and too much-complexity. He reveals the enduring importance of three "super-categories"-Fight versus Flight, Us versus Them, and Right versus Wrong-and argues that they remain essential not only to convincing others to change their minds but to changing the world for the better. Black-and-White Thinking is a science-based wake-up call for an era of increasing extremism and a thought-provoking, uplifting guide to training our gray matter to see that gray really does matter.

"A profoundly illuminating account of how the brain works . . . Rebecca Schwarzlose is a neuroscientist with a novelist's literary flair." -Cass R. Sunstein, author of Too Much Information A path-breaking journey into the brain, showing how perception, thought, and action are products of maps etched into your gray matter-and how technology can use them to read your mind Your brain is a collection of maps. That is no metaphor: scrawled across your brain's surfaces are actual maps of the sights, sounds, and actions that hold the key to your survival. Scientists first began uncovering these maps over a century ago, but we are only now beginning to unlock their secrets-and comprehend their profound impact on our lives. Brain maps distort and shape our experience of the world, support complex thought, and make technology-enabled mind reading a modern-day reality, which raises important questions about what is real, what is fair, and what is private. They shine a light on our past and our possible futures. In the process, they invite us to view ourselves from a startling new perspective. ​ In Brainscapes, Rebecca Schwarzlose combines unforgettable real-life stories, cutting-edge research, and vivid illustrations to reveal brain maps' surprising lessons about our place in the world-and about the world's place within us.

Kultur- und Wissenschaftsinstitutionen sind seit längerer Zeit in der Krise. Sie beziehen sich oft noch auf einen Kanon, der durch die globalen Entwicklungen - vor allem neue Stimmen aus dem Globalen Süden - obsolet geworden ist. Ihre Formen der Wissensproduktion erfolgen in disziplinären Abgrenzungen, die den tiefgreifenden anthropozänen Veränderungsprozessen nicht mehr gerecht werden. Ihre selbstreferenziellen Bezugssysteme reflektieren nicht mehr den sozialen Wandel und die gesellschaftlichen Bedürfnisse. Der Band diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund an Hand konkreter Beispiele neue counter-institutionelle Praxen und Konzepte, in denen sowohl eine Resituierung von Denken und Handeln in konkrete gesellschaftliche Konfliktlagen erfolgt, wie eine neue Verbindung von sozialen, ästhetischen und wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsformen vorgeführt wird, die bestehende Trennlinien im Sinne integrativer, mehrperspektivischer Ansätze überschreitet.--Cultural and academic institutions have been in crisis for quite some time now. In many cases, they still refer to a canon that has been made obsolete by global developments-in particular, by new voices from the Global South. Their modes of knowledge production operate within disciplinary bounds that can no longer cope with the Anthropocene's radical processes of change, and their self-referential paradigms have ceased to reflect social change and the needs of society. Against this backdrop, the book discusses new counter-institutional practices and concepts, examining specific examples that reframe intellectual and pragmatic responses to concrete situations of societal conflict and demonstrate a new connection between social, aesthetic, and academic forms of work based on integrative, multi-perspectival approaches that transcend existing divides.

Gustav Landauer gehört als Briefautor zur Briefkultur des späten 19. Jahrhunderts. Er korrespondierte mit Wilhelm Bölsche, Else Lasker-Schüler, Martin Buber, Erich Mühsam, Fritz Mauthner, Hugo von Hofmannsthal und Petr Kropotkin. Der Brief als Medium bürgerlicher »Gesprächskultur« fungiert hier nicht nur als Rettungsnetz der Lebensbewältigung, sondern wird zugleich ein hochproduktives Arbeitsmittel für den Übersetzer, Journalisten, Theatermann und politischen Denker Landauer. Als persönliche Zeugnisse hohen Rangs werden seine umfangreichen Briefschaften zu Dokumenten der Zeitzeugenschaft für eine deutsch-jüdische Briefkultur, die in oppositionelle Zirkel des Kaiserreichs ebenso hineinragt wie in die ästhetische und philosophische Moderne. Gustav Landauer's letters are part of the letter writing culture of the late 19th century. He exchanged letters with Wilhelm Bölsche, Else Lasker-Schüler, Martin Buber, Erich Mühsam, Fritz Mauthner, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Petr Kropotkin. The letter as a medium of bourgeois "conversation culture" not only serves as a lifeline but also as a highly productive tool for the interpreter, journalist, dramatic adviser and political thinker that he was. These highly treasured personal testimonies are comprehensive witnesses of the German-Jewish letter writing culture, which influenced both the oppositional circles of the German Empire as well as the aesthetic and philosophical modern times.