Samfundsvidenskabelig idéhistorie

Platon beskrev offentligheden – masserne – som et vildt dyr, demagogerne kunne indsmigre sig hos. I den digitale tidsalder er store dele af den offentlige debat blandt såvel politikere som borgere flyttet over på sociale medier, hvis platforme først og fremmest er designet til at tjene tech-giganternes kommercielle interesser frem for at udgøre en demokratisk ramme om vores offentlighed."Offentlighed og legitimitet" forsøger at besvare spørgsmålet: Hvordan udvikler vi i dag offentlighedens institutioner til gavn for demokratiet? Kulturteoretiker Henrik Kaare Nielsen og filosof Joachim Wiewiura fremlægger to forskellige tilgange til offentlighedsbegrebet og viser dermed to forskellige måder at tænke dets samfundsmæssige betydning på. Forfatterne fokuserer også på de praktiske implikationer af de to perspektiver og stiller forslag til udviklingen af offentlighedens medielandskab. Således forsyner bogen os både i teori og praksis med konkrete værktøjer til at udbygge demokratiet i det 21. århundrede.

The book contains contributions on the significance of German culture for Romanian art, language, and literature. Not only will the direct influence of German role models on Romanian culture be discussed, but it will also show how this influence set in motion a whole series of socio-cultural and artistic shifts that allowed Romanian culture to better understand its position in the European world.Das Buch enthält Beiträge zur Bedeutung der deutschen Kultur für die rumänische Kunst, Sprache und Literatur. Erörtert wird nicht nur der direkte Einfluss deutscher Vorbilder auf die rumänische Kultur, sondern es wird auch aufgezeigt, wie dieser Einfluss eine ganze Reihe soziokultureller und künstlerischer Veränderungen in Gang gesetzt hat, die der rumänischen Kultur ermöglichten, ihren Platz in der europäischen Welt besser zu verstehen.

"What was believable in one era is no longer acceptable in another. What one culture finds utterly incredible elsewhere becomes an article of faith. This disjuncture forms the basis of Peter Harrison's masterful, expansive intervention in intellectual history, as he challenges misconceptions about modernity in relation to supernaturalism and belief"--

This book explores the improbable rise of medical hypnotism in Victorian Britain and its subsequent assimilation and neglect. It follows the careers of the ¿New Hypnotists¿: Charles Lloyd Tuckey, John Milne Bramwell, George Kingsbury and Robert Felkin. This loosely knit group all trained with the Suggestion School of Nancy and published books on hypnotism. They had to confront the many public and medical prejudices against the trance state which had persisted after the scandalous disgrace of John Elliotson and medical mesmerism, fifty years before. Hypnotism was a highly contested technology and in the 1890s the debates about safety and utility were fought in the national newspapers as well as the medical journals. The new hypnotists took on the might of the medical institutions personified by Ernest Hart, Editor of the British Medical Journal. However their timing was propitious, as the rise of faith-healing forced the medical profession to confront the non-physical therapeutic aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. The hypnotic discourse was shaped by these developments, but also by the fascination of the general public, novelists, occultists, psychic investigators, educationalists and spiritualists in the myriad possibilities of the trance state. Despite growing interest in the prehistory of British psychology and talking therapies, and the recent challenges to the primacy of Freudian histories, there are few accounts of the development of British ¿eclectic therapy¿. This book uses the New Hypnotists as a lens to examine Victorian medicine and society, exploring their role in establishing the term ¿psychotherapy,¿ and legitimising medical hypnotism, a precursor of psychological therapies.

This book discusses whether democracy and republicanism are identical, complementary, or contradicting ideas. The rediscovery of classic republicanism a few decades ago made it clear how profoundly modern notions of democracy had been shaped by the republican tradition. But defining these two concepts remains difficult, and the views diverge widely. The overarching aim of this book is to discuss the extent to which democracy and republicanism are identical, complementary or mutually contradicting ideals / ideas. Pursuing this open approach to the subject means calling into question a widely used formula according to which modern democracy is composed of liberal principles such as individualism, the rule of law and human rights, on the one hand, and of republican principles such as focusing on the common good and popular sovereignty, on the other. This book will appeal to students, researches, and scholars of political science interested in a better understanding of political theory and political history.

Club Red is a sweeping and insightful history of Soviet vacationing and tourism from the Revolution through perestroika, part of the regime's effort to transform the poor and often illiterate citizenry into new Soviet men and women. Koenker emphasizes the development over time of a distinctive blend of purpose and pleasure in Soviet vacation policy and practice, and she explores a fundamental paradox: a state committed to the idea of the collective found itself promoting a vacation policy that increasingly encouraged individual autonomy. While Koenker focuses primarily on Soviet domestic vacation travel, she also notes the decisive impact of travel abroad (mostly to other socialist countries), which shaped new worldviews, created new consumer desires, and transformed Soviet vacation practices.

Catherine Evtuhov resurrects the brilliant and contradictory currents of turn-of-the-century Kiev, Moscow, and St. Petersburg through an intellectual biography of Sergei Bulgakov (1871-1944), one of the central figures of the Silver Age. The son of a provincial priest, Bulgakov served first as one of Russia's most original and influential interpreters of Marx, and then went on to become the century's most important theologian of the Orthodox faith. As Evtuhov recounts the story of Bulgakov's spiritual evolution, she traces the impact of seemingly opposed philosophical and religious world views on one another and on the course of political events. In the first comprehensive analysis of Bulgakov's most important religious-philosophical work, Philosophy of Economy, Evtuhov identifies a "perceptual revolution" in Russian thinking about economy, a significant contribution to European modernist thought which both shaped and grew out of contemporary debates over land reforms. She reconstructs Bulgakov's vision of an Orthodox, constitutional Russia, shows how he tried to put it into practice in the wake of the February Revolution, and demonstrates its importance for a large and influential portion of Russian society.

"How did Roman Republican writers use the metaphor of the body politic to respond to the downfall of the Republic and implementation of sole rule? This book's political approach to Latin literature will appeal broadly to audiences in philology, history, and political thought"--

This book offers the first English translation and comprehensive analysis (inclusive of introductory study and endnotes to the translation) of the longest and most complex Italian Renaissance utopia, Ludovico Agostini¿s Imaginary Republic. It not only reveals the significance of a text that has been mostly forgotten; it also shows how an investigation of Imaginary Republic uncovers neglected and surprising facets of Renaissance utopianism. The current scholarly image of Renaissance utopianism is based, predominantly, on English texts. Other European utopian traditions are considered only tangentially and do not substantially inform the overall picture of the nature of Renaissance utopias. This book¿s study of Imaginary Republic, within the context of Italian sixteenth- and seventeenth-century utopias, contributes to filling this gap in the critical literature by expanding the current understanding of Renaissance utopianism.

The current discussion on the rule of law, especially in the EU, seems to be developing because the terms that express the idea of the rule of law in different European languages do not convey the same content. The rule of law, der Rechtstatt, l'état de droit, to name just three language versions, were coined in different historical contexts and within different traditions of political thought. The question then becomes, to what extent is diversity in the understanding of the rule of law still legitimate today? The answer is sought in the book we have edited, whose authors are academically recognized individuals representing these different traditions of legal and political thinking.The publication is divided into three parts. The first part explains the concept of the rule of law and outlines the development of the idea of the rule of law. The analyses presented also address the issue of legal positivism seen as a minimization of the idea of the rule of law. In addition, this part includes articles on the problem of the rule of law from the perspective of Catholic social thought, as well as a consideration of the transformation of the legal concept of the rule of law into a kind of political fetish. Part two is devoted to various European traditions of understanding the rule of law. In this part of the book, the reader will find articles on approaches to the issue of the rule of law from the Anglo-Saxon, French, German, and Polish perspectives. The third part of the book deals with the issue of the rule of law from the perspective of the European Union. It is about the mechanisms of control of the rule of law in the Member States and the possibility of applying this concept to the EU.

Philosophie als Wissenschaft, als Grundlagendisziplin und als interdisziplinäre Forschung: Ansätze, die sich eine zu Unrecht fast vergessene philosophische Schule zu eigen gemacht hat, nämlich die 1903 neu gegründete Fries¿sche Schule um den Göttinger Philosophen Leonard Nelson (1882-1927). Sie steht in der Tradition der Philosophie Immanuel Kants (1724-1804) und Jakob Friedrich Fries' (1773-1843). Der Nelsonkreis hält dem Vergleich mit dem Wiener Kreis stand. Die Anhänger des Nelsonkreises kamen u.a. aus der Mathematik, Physik, Philosophie, Psychologie, Theologie und den Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Über sie wirkte die kantisch-friessche Philosophie teilweise in andere Disziplinen hinein. Zu nennen sind beispielsweise der Psychiater und Psychologe Arthur Kronfeld (1846-1941), der Biochemiker und Nobelpreisträger Otto Meyerhof (1884-1951), der Mathematiker Gerhard Hessenberg (1874-1925), die Philosophin und Physikerin Grete Henry-Hermann (1901-1984), die Pädagogin MinnaSpecht (1879-1961), der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Alexander Rüstow (1885-1963), der Theologe Rudolf Otto (1869-1937), der Soziologe Franz Oppenheimer (1864-1943) und der Sozialwissenschaftler Gerhard Weisser (1898-1989).Die Ausstrahlung des Nelsonkreises auf verschiedene Disziplinen sowie dessen Geschichte sind bislang noch nicht umfassend untersucht worden. Diese Forschungslücke soll mit dem vorliegenden Band geschlossen werden. Der systematische Forschungsband bietet zudem eine Einführung und einen Überblick zur Philosophie Leonard Nelsons.

A haunting homage to life and liberty, to society and solitude, and to the binding and unbinding that constitute the weft of our lives. Drawing on materials from across many cultures, Pascal Quignard makes an effort to establish shared human values as the breeding ground for a modern Enlightenment. Considering atheism as a spiritual liberation, suicide as a free act, and the rejection of society as a free choice, the author explores philosophical themes that have run through human civilizations--most often as heresies--from our earliest days. In his search for freedom, Quignard questions the binding dependency of religion, querying how, in a world where all forms of society presuppose that someone (or some collective) is looking over our shoulders, we can be free. These reflections, he implies, are the essential spiritual exercise for our times. Few voices in contemporary French literature are more distinct than that of Quignard. By reading this fragmentary, episodic assemblage of intimate experiences and borrowed tales, we open up a space of liberty, creating for the reader space for meditation and, perhaps, liberation.

en magisk realistisk nutids-skildring af 2 forlovede, som foretager et compatibilitets-check på vejen, af-stemmer work/life balance forventninger, med hver deres eget karierre-baneforløb, ift deres 2 geografiske livs-historier. skuespillet kan læses som en udviklings-roman i sig selv, eller opsættes scene for scene for alle aldre over 12, da de komiske & magisk-realistiske skildringer, opvejer de mere tragi-komiske scener.

"Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, the only book-length work to have been published during his lifetime, continues to generate interest and scholarly debate. This volume of new essays showcases contemporary ideas on how to interpret the Tractatus and throws new light on some of its most challenging passages"--

This book presents both a historical overview of the absorption of Heidegger's thought into English-language philosophical schools as well as a philosophical discussion of his thought provided by contemporary scholars. The text describes the ways in which a philosophical methodology and worldview seemingly so inhospitable to Anglophone academia has managed to find an unlikely home.This volume is roughly divided into two types of contributions: discussions of Heidegger's reception in the English-speaking world, and outstanding examples of English-language Heidegger scholarship. The first type includes both historiographical accounts of the encounters between Heidegger's thought and the Anglo-American world, as well as their philosophical expositions and critiques. The second group of chapters reveal the latest contemporary scholarship by contemporary Heideggerians writing in English. It is moreover the first volume to bring together thinkers from both genealogies of Anglo-American Heideggerianism appealing to students and researchers working in both of these camps.

In his final work, Richard Rorty provides the definitive statement of his political thought. Rorty equates pragmatism with anti-authoritarianism, arguing that because there is no authority we can rely on to ascertain truth, we can only do so intersubjectively. It follows that we must learn to think and care about what others think and care about.

Bogen tager udgangspunkt i de parisiske arbejdere og småborgeres oprettelse af det revolutionære folkestyre, Pariserkommunen, i 1871. I sin 72 dage korte levetid vedtoges en række reformer, der i samtiden fremstod nye og radikale. Bl.a. adskillelse af kirke og stat, gratis skolegang, forbud mod natarbejde og overtagelse af virksomheder, hvis ejere var flygtet. Målet var en føderativ og social republik baseret på nærdemokratisk kommunestyre. Men det endte i et blodigt nederlag, hvor 20-30.000 kommunarder mistede livet i kampen med regeringshæren og de efterfølgende massehenrettelser.Bogen er en antologi, hvis bidragydere har hver deres fokus. Bertel Nygaard undersøger f.eks. Kommunens karakter og dens efterliv i vor historieforståelse. Efterfølgende kan man læse kommunens program og dens forskellige dekreter.Med forord af Morten Thing gengives Karl Marx' samtidige artikel Borgerkrigen i Frankrig. I forlængelse heraf analyserer han de forskellige udkast til denne tekst.Hans Erik Avlund Frandsen undersøger og sammenligner Bertolt Brechts og Nordahl Griegs teaterstykker om Pariserkommunen. Og vurderer hvad de kan sige eller lære os i dagens samfund. I dansk perspektiv ser Kenn Schoop på samtidige holdninger til Kommunen. Udover diverse aviser møder man bl.a. Georg Brandes og socialisten Louis Pio samt Wilhelm Dinesen, som var førstehåndsvidne. Afsluttende er hele bladet Arbejderkunst fra 1932 genoptrykt. Her fortælles Pariserkommunens udvikling med samtidige tegninger og træsnit og hertil korte tekster.

This book retrieves from the archives people, places and perspectives normally overlooked to tell an original and expansive history of the Qatar Peninsula, paying close attention to landscape and the natural world. The arc of the book moves geographically through the landscape and chronologically through selected sources, drawing on digitised maps, manuscripts, hydrographic surveys, government records, traveller accounts, early photographs, archaeological and ethnographic reports. While these are standard sources recruited by Qatar to tell its own singular, streamlined history, this book is a subversive reading of those sources. It braids together elusive and precarious stories ¿ difficult to find, at risk of being lost, and never before brought together into a single volume ¿ to write a more complicated story of place. Through them, we can reimagine a place that, like many in the world, works hard to control a limited set of stories about itself. Readers who know something about Qatarwill be surprised by the book¿s nuances and details. Readers who know little or nothing will be drawn in to discover that, even in the most out-of-the-way and inhospitable places, deserts are never empty.

Anthropologist Kristen Ghodsee looks at pioneering experiments in communal living to present a rousing argument for rethinking what we mean by home.'A must-read' THOMAS PIKETTY'Just wonderful' ANGELA SAINIThroughout history and around the world today, forward-thinking communities have pioneered alternative ways of living together, sharing property and raising children. In Everyday Utopia, anthropologist Kristen Ghodsee explores what we can learn from these experiments - from the ancient Greek commune founded by Pythagoras to the trail-blazing feminists of the French Revolution, from the cohousing movement in contemporary Denmark to the flourishing ecovillages of Colombia and Portugal. She shows why utopian thinking is essential to making a fairer world and that many of the best ways of getting there begin at home.'This warm, intelligent and lucid book takes us on a deep dive into how people have created better systems for living - systems that actually work' ROBERT WALDINGER, author of The Good Life and director of the Harvard Study of Adult Developmet'Exhilarating. A powerful reminder that dreaming of better worlds is not just some fantastical project but also a very serious political one' REBECCA TRAISTER, author of Good and Mad'Splendid. Invigorating writing for a cheerless era' YANIS VAROUFAKIS, author of Technofeudalism'A vision of what our future could be if we dare to dream' SUSAN NEIMAN, Left Is Not Woke

As climate change becomes an increasingly important part of public discourse, the relationship between time in nature and history is changing. Nature can no longer be considered a slow and immobile background to human history, and the future can no longer be viewed as open and detached from the past. Times of History, Times of Nature engages with this historical shift in temporal sensibilities through a combination of detailed case studies and synthesizing efforts. Focusing on the history of knowledge, media theory, and environmental humanities, this volume explores the rich and nuanced notions of time and temporality that have emerged in response to climate change.

A brilliant and lucid guide to this most elusive of concepts.

Demonstrates the embodied foundation of figurative, poetic and literary language and form.

An inquiry into probabilistic modes of sensing and making sense of reality developed by avant-garde artists Konrad Wojnowski argues that the probabilistic revolution, while recognized and investigated by historians of science, has been largely overlooked in the field of art. He shows that the idea that one can perceive and comprehend reality in terms of shifting probabilities was clearly present in the work of many avant-garde artists working in Europe and North America. Exploring the probabilistic aspects of the avant-garde allows him to establish a dialogue between scientific and artistic forms of knowledge. This is particularly important now, as we become surrounded by probabilistic AIs and while the very nature of cognition is being reinterpreted as inherently probabilistic. Konrad Wojnowski is Assistant Professor of Performativity Studies at Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.