Befolkning og demografi

Angesichts einer fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und der ungeheuren Erfolgsgeschichte der Siedlungsform "Stadt" wird selten die paradoxe Kehrseite dieser Geschichte in den Blick genommen. Seit 5000 Jahren steht der Entstehung von Städten ihr Untergang gegenüber. Verlassene Städte sind ein geradezu allgegenwärtiges Phänomen aller Zeiten und Regionen. Die in den Band versammelten Aufsätze unterschiedlicher Disziplinen beschreiben, wie von der Antike bis in die aktuelle Zeitgeschichte Stadtruinen wahrgenommen wurden. Ihre Interpretation, Instrumentalisierung und symbolische wie inhaltliche Aufladung verrät sehr viel über die Kulturen, in denen diese Prozesse zu beobachten sind. In einem faszinierenden Spektrum, das vom antiken Nahen Osten, Kleinasien und Italien über das präkolumbianische Nordamerika und Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in den heutigen Oman, Palästina, die Mongolei, die USA oder nach Osteuropa reicht, wird die vielfältige Deutung von Ruinen und ihre Rolle in politischen, kulturellen und sozialen Verständigungen und Kontroversen thematisiert. Verlassene Städte erweisen sich auf diese Weise als ein zentrales und äußerst fruchtbares Thema der Kultur-, Kunst- und politischen Geschichte.

¿In diesem Buch rückt das ¿gute Leben¿ im hohen Alter in den Fokus: So ist in den westlichen Industrienationen ein stetiger Anstieg der allgemeinen Lebenserwartung zu verzeichnen. Die gewonnene Lebenszeit geht jedoch nicht automatisch mit einem guten Gesundheitszustand einher: Gerade Hochaltrige sind häufig von einer oder mehreren chronischen Erkrankungen betroffen, die mit zahlreichen funktionellen Einschränkungen in ihrem Alltag verbunden sind und oftmals den Umzug in eine stationäre Einrichtung der Altenpflege bedingen. Die damit verbundenen Umstände bergen das Risiko, die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verringern. Eine Fördermöglichkeit könnte in der Einführung von Yoga-Kursen bestehen, da empirische Untersuchungen mit verschiedenen Studienpopulationen die Schlussfolgerung nahelegen, dass sich eine regelmäßige Yoga-Praxis positiv auf verschiedene Parameter auswirkt, die mit den Konstrukten von Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden assoziiert sind. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurde daher ein Yoga-Kurskonzept entwickelt, das den Bedürfnissen von Bewohner*innen von stationären Altenpflegeeinrichtungen ohne Demenzerkrankungen gerecht zu werden anstrebt und in Form einer Pilotstudie in einer stationären Altenpflegeeinrichtung erprobt.

Unaccompanied children and adolescents seeking protection in the UK are among the most vulnerable migrant groups, and often find themselves in a hostile policy environment after enduring traumatic journeys. This book offers an in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of belonging, and the politics and policies of migration. Focusing on unaccompanied young migrants, it investigates the conditions and nature of belonging in the face of the uncertainty, ambiguity and violence of the UK asylum system. Drawing on interviews and the Deleuzo-Guattarian concepts of assemblage, the book provides an empirical and theoretical examination of the belonging of unaccompanied young migrants seeking protection in the UK. Through compelling accounts, the author portrays the complex and paradoxical nature of belonging under precarious conditions, shedding light on the tenacity and fragility of belonging for unaccompanied young migrants.

This book investigates domestic migration and migration intentions in China from the individual, city, and provincial levels. Since the 1990s, accompanying the rapid urbanization, an important feature of China's social transition is its large-scale interregional migration, which has reshaped China's economic geography and population distribution and greatly affected the socio-economic development. The floating population, migrants working and living in the destination cities without local hukou, have aroused wide public concern in the past decades. Based on China's national population census data and China Migrants Dynamic Survey data, this book comprehensively employs statistical analysis, spatial analysis, network analysis, econometric and spatial econometric methods to analyze the spatial pattern and influencing mechanism of internal migration and migration intentions of floating population from different levels and different perspectives. The research results of this book have significant policy implications for the urban governance on the floating population. The novelty of this book is that it comprehensively investigates domestic migration and migration intentions from the individual, city and provincial levels, combining their spatial patterns and network structures. It not only provides a wealth of case studies for domestic migration research in China, but also broadens the research scope of spatial demography by employing new methods of spatial econometrics (such as MGWR and ESF). This book is suitable for undergraduates and graduates majoring in Human Geography, Regional Economics, Urban Planning and Urban Governance, as well as related researchers and practitioners. 

This book provides the first compilation of demographic research focused on transgender, nonbinary, and gender minority populations. It discusses the measurement and conceptualization challenges that shape demographic knowledge of these populations, including how we capture gender on surveys. It examines our current knowledge of demographic characteristics and health disparities and outcomes. Overall, this research demonstrates the increasing knowledge of gender variation at the population level. At the same time, it reveals the need for better survey questions, additional data, and inquiry into a broader subset of demographic questions for these populations as there is little understanding of fundamental demographic information, including migration or spatial distribution of transgender populations, fertility and household structure, labor market outcomes, or broader patterns of morbidity and mortality. The research set forth in this book lays the groundwork for a trans demography that would produce population-level knowledge of these populations and points researchers and policymakers toward needed areas of research, conceptualization, and data collection.

This Handbook offers an array of internationally recognized experts' essays that provide a current and comprehensive examination of all dimensions of international population policies. The book examines the theoretical foundations, the historical and empirical evidence for policy formation, the policy levers and modelling, as well as the new policy challenges. The section Theoretical Foundations reviews population issues today, population theories, the population policies' framework as well as the linkages between population, development, health, food systems, and the environment. The next section Empirical Evidence discusses international approaches to design and implement population policies on a regional level. The section Policy Levers and Modelling reviews the tools and the policy levers that are available to design, implement, monitor, and measure the impact of population policies. Finally, the section New Policy Challenges examines the recurrent and emerging issues in population policies. This section also discusses prospects for demographic sustainability as well as future considerations for population policies. As such this Handbook provides an important and structured examination of contemporary population policies, their evolution, and their prospects.

This book will provide a space for new and emergent research in environmental migration, particularly in the context of a world beginning to emerge from the grip of a debilitating public health crisis that kept many firmly rooted in place while displacing others internationally. With famines, vast wildfires, droughts, and record heatwaves uprooting human settlements internationally, research on migration in the face of emerging risks is all the more urgent. As Balsari, Dresser, & Leaning point out, ¿the wall-building, xenophobic, and insular¿ platforms of some global powers in their immigration and asylum policies, and the ever-increasing stresses placed on the natural world that continue to make sites of human settlement less and less hospitable, make research on this topic both very timely and much needed. This book will include numerous case studies, historical analyses, projections, models, and recommendations for both policy and future research directions. Contributions are drawn from academics and practitioners in this fertile interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry, and each one focuses on the intersection of population and environment studies, history, geography, law, diaspora studies, economics, public health, and sociology.This book is composed of five clear sections. The introductory section includes one chapter that presents an overview of the current landscape, the scope and objectives of the book, as well as its specific approach and the various themes. The concluding section is composed of one chapter that presents a global map of recent innovations drawing together some of the core themes discussed throughout the book. The concluding chapter synthesizes the challenges and opportunities presented, and the possible future directions that researchers, practitioners, and regulators could and should move towards.

This book describes and analyzes the lived experience of elder abuse from the queer community. It discusses the experiences by transwomen, gay men and lesbians of financial abuse, physical and sexual abuse, homophobic abuse, and neglect within partner relationships, residential care, in home care, and religious organizations. Queer and trans elders have been described as ¿The Silent Generation¿, since they have lived through times when their sexual and gender identities were criminalized and pathologized. The book shows that they are far more at risk to suffer abuse and neglect by those they should be able to trust, since they are more likely to have encountered all key risk factors, such as isolation, previous abuse and trauma, and mistrust of the health care system. Their vulnerability has been overlooked and this book addresses that gap. As such, this book provides a great resource to anyone working with elders, including medical professionals, care providers, police, counsellors, and policy makers.

This book provides a comprehensive and updated review of the concepts, models, and interventions related to the process of adjustment to life course transitions. In times of transition, an individual is exposed to experiences that require them to assume new roles and exhibit updated behaviors. Regardless of the characteristics of these transitions, exposure to normative trajectories imposes on the person an intensive engagement in a process of (re-)adjustment. Sometimes this demand is beyond the scope of one's ability, motivation, or comprehension. Hence, some people might ineffectively perceive and/or react to the change and end up feeling unable to handle the change and inclined to escape the situation. A preventive intervention that either reduces the impact of possible risk factors or fosters possible protective factors would support the people in managing the transition.While the importance of prevention of maladjustment is repeatedly mentioned in the literature, this is the first-known book on how to prevent maladjustment. It examines how the sense of transition emerges, what adjustment means, the models that elaborate on how people manage in times of transition, what the antecedents of maladjustment are, and especially how maladjustment could be prevented. Out of these discussions, a new model, The Transitional Stress and Adjustment (TSA) Model, is suggested as a grand framework for paving a way forward to better prevent people's maladjustment to life course transitions. Prevention of Maladjustment to Life Course Transitions is a much-needed cornerstone in the future development within the prevention science framework. This book has interdisciplinary appeal for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students in psychology, sociology, public health, social work, criminology, medicine, health sciences, public policy, economics, and education who consider prevention an important vehicle of intervention to promote health and wellbeing. Its focus on the topic of adjustment also would be of special interest to those who explore child and youth development.

Infrastructures are fundamental means through which societies create spaces, but little is known about the precise ways in which this occurs. How have infrastructures animated certain understandings of space? How do infrastructures stabilize, or undermine, the spatial formats in which we live, which shape our everyday practices and which regulate access to services and resources? And, conversely, how do spaces frame the ways infrastructural provision is organized? How do existing spaces shape infrastructural development and the scope and forms of access to vital services such as transport and water? In this volume, historians and sociologists draw on a range of fascinating case studies and provide compelling answers to these questions. Exploring, among others, the provision of irrigation water in nineteenth-century Los Angeles, the invention of airport transit zones, and the infrastructural practices of homeless people in Berlin, the book demonstrates how the making of spaces through infrastructure is deeply political. Intent on revealing uneven geographies of provision and hierarchies of access, the contributors highlight how infrastructures are products of global entanglements.

This book provides quantitative and applied methodologies in the Covid-19 era exploring important issues in demography, population studies, and health. It provides insight into health and health measures as to the healthy life years lost and the healthy life expectancy related to Covid-19 pandemic. It also describes mortality and survival and focuses on data analysis in demography and population studies. Special methods and applications in demography and society are also described, thereby including applications in society, pension and insurance. As such, this book is a valuable guide for researchers, theoreticians and practitioners from various scientific fields.

This book describes the social and economic issues that emerge from mothers in labor markets.  It provides insight in what the quantitative effect of motherhood on the decline in mothers' earnings is, and how things differ for mothers with lower income and lower levels of education.  It also sheds light on how this effect varies for different countries and/or cultural areas, and what the impact of socio-economic policies on mothers' labor supply is and how it changes in different family contexts. The book covers topics such as labor participation and hours of work, paid-work and home production, flexibility and work from home, self-employment and entrepreneurship, fertility and maternity leave, wage-penalty and career interruption, labor supply and childcare, gender norms and cultural issues, intra-household wage inequality and much more. This book provides an interesting read to economists, social scientists, policy makers and HR managers and all those interested in the subject.

This book explores China's hukou system, by which individuals are registered in a specific geographic region, and the prospects for reform. The history of the hukou system and its instrumental role in Chinese urbanization and labor markets is explained, and readers get a sense of what issues are prioritized by Chinese policymakers as they contemplate reform or change to this system, from hukou-based labor market discrimination, inequality of opportunity, multi-dimensional poverty of rural migrants, the public health consequences of non-hukou migration, and old age insurance for migrants without hukous. The author concludes with a stirring and practical call for hukou reform, articulating a cost-benefit model and providing an array of policy suggestions. This book will interest scholars of Chinese society, demographics and future urbanization.

Have you ever wondered what happened to all the strong black leaders, why the black community is flooded with so many drugs, or why black men are quicker to jump into "da game" than they are to jump into a book ? Just Listen For A Change speaks on the systematic destruction of black ambition, potential, development, hope, and the design that lead to the corruption of the black community.Written from the perspective of a young black man that was raised and groomed in "da streets", the author sends a message to young black men across this nation who finds theirselves "trapped" inside what is known as "Da Game". Inspired by the iconic work, "New Visions for Black Men" by Na'Im Akbar, the author aims to bring a new vision to young black men everywhere.Oryan Miller is currently serving an 18 to Life sentence for a crime he did not commit. He's been locked up since 2009 (the age of 19) and during his time he has started his own institution support group called "the sleeping giants", whose aim and mission is to help young men transform into strong leaders and fully developed men through culture awareness, education, love, and support. He is also a Rasta and an activist who was one of a few men who stood up against ODRC at a time (2014-17) when they were violating Rastafarian's Constitutional and Human rights by holding them down and for cutting their dreadlocks. Since then ODRC have been sued and Rastas can practice their religion openly and freely. Oryan Miller now runs and teaches the Only Rastafari religion service under ODRC called the Rasta Way of Life at the Current Institution that he's being housed at. Oryan Miller is a loving father and an advocate for prison reform. You can contact him at: Oryan Miller # 580-968TCIP.O. Box 901Leavittsburg, OH 44430

The book contributes to retracing the elaboration of the corpus of theoretical and methodological approaches, themes and perspectives of analysis from which contemporary research on youth cultures originates. From the privileged vantage point of sociology, the book revisits landmark moments in research on youth cultures: the analytical pathway developed by the Chicago School of Sociology on young people living in the urban mosaic; the background, contents and (in)actuality of Karl Mannheim¿s perspective on generations; the broad debate around the distinctive features of ¿youth culture¿ looping back around to Talcott Parsons; the analysis on youth, dissent and counterculture developed by Goodman, Roszak and Keniston; the research on youth subcultures carried out by the CCCS at Birmingham University.

¿Wie werden in Forschungsarbeiten in der Landschaftsarchitekturtheorie Erkenntnisse gewonnen? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, ist es sinnvoll, die Methode der Forschung einer individuellen Forschungsarbeit anschaulich zu machen. Ziel des Buchs ist es, eine Übersicht an aktuellen Forschungsmethoden im Feld der Landschaftsarchitekturtheorie zu geben. Damit möchte das Buch einen Beitrag zur Methodendiskussion in der Landschaftsarchitekturtheorie leisten, die häufig gefordert, aber selten geführt wird. Die Aufsätze in dem Buch sind untereinander formal und inhaltlich abgestimmt: Formal haben sie einen ähnlichen Aufbau, sodass die Methoden gut miteinander verglichen werden können. Inhaltlich sind die Aufsätze insofern miteinander abgestimmt, weil jeder Aufsatz für eine bestimmte Forschungsmethode in der Landschaftsarchitekturtheorie steht.

The Return of Malthus is the first comprehensive analysis of the post-war fear of scarcity. Linnér traces the development of an international discourse of crisis through the influence of such thinkers as William Vogt, Fairfield Osborn and Georg Börgström, labelled 'neo-Malthusians' for their emphasis on an impending clash between population growth and resource limits, after the manner of the nineteenth-century father of scarcity economics. The book analyses the role of science and technology in securing food supply, the transmutation of older ideas about preserving nature into a new conservation ideology based on sustainable use, and the preoccupation of the industrialised nations with forestalling communism and controlling power relations.First published by The White Horse Press in 2003. Even more relevant today, this revised edition charts perceptions of and prescriptions for crises of population growth and resource shortage, which have had profound influence on agricultural, population and security policies from the Second World War to the present.

Die vorliegende Erhebung untersucht den Einfluss von Führung auf die Kundenzufriedenheit und die Budgeteinhaltung in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen. Dabei werden ausgewählte Einflussfaktoren wie z. B. die werteorientierte Kommunikation, die Berücksichtigung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen sowie die Durchführung von Abweichungsanalysen u. a. in ihrer konkreten Wirkmacht analysiert und eruiert.Die Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Managementforschung und somit für Diskurse über die Versorgungs- und Lebensqualität der Bewohner sowie über die Arbeitszufriedenheit in der vollstationären Pflege und über die Bedeutung von Führung in einem stark regulierten ¿Quasi-Markt¿ der vollstationären Pflege innerhalb des Dienstleistungssektors.Das Senioren-Zuhause der Zukunft erfordert wesentliche architektonische und konzeptionelle Veränderungen sowie eine vielfältige Angebotskultur inkl. einer Quartiersöffnung.Die ermutigende Botschaft bestehtin einer Bestätigung der positiven Wirkung des Konzeptes der Interaktionsarbeit mittels einer auf Werten basierenden Kommunikation und Interaktion in sozialen Gefügen.

This book reflects the reality of most taxpayers. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of optimal tax issues from a household economics perspective. A unified and integrated approach is employed to analyze optimal taxation in a homogeneous way.The author adopts a household production approach to allow a critical understanding of the way tax policy impacts economic agents. This way home activities can be studied with the same toolbox normally employed for the market activities. This is motivated by the fact that in reality most agents act from within a family, and their interaction with the economy at large and tax policy in particular is mediated by the interdependence of the family members¿ choices, although taxation is typically studied in a framework in which the economic agents are isolated individuals. The aim of the book is to provide, a comprehensive treatment of family taxation whithin this approach, focusing on the normativeside ¿ social welfare maximising taxation.As a consequence of the book's analysis, many important and established results in public economics may have to be revised. The book will be useful to both graduate students and researchers alike in that it adopts a rigorous analytical language but also includes ample intuitive explanations.

This book describes a novel method for mortality modeling applying the shifting feature of the mortality curve. In Japan, the increase and pace of the extension in life expectancy have been quite remarkable. Therefore, existing mortality models often cannot capture the peculiarities of Japanese mortality, nor can the Lee¿Carter model, which is now regarded internationally as a standard model. One of the important concepts to model recent Japanese mortality is a shifting feature. In this book, the linear difference model, which has many advantages for modeling and analyzing Japanese mortality, is introduced. The book shows applications of the model to mortality projection with a tangent vector field approach and decomposition of the change of modal age at death. The models introduced here are useful tools for modeling mortality with strong shifting features, as in Japan.

Urban expansion beyond the city¿s administrative boundaries has altered villages to a great extent. These peri-urban villages are experiencing unforeseen changes in demographic, economic, land-use, and environmental characteristics. The concept of peri-urbanization is grabbing the attention of urban planners and policymakers globally. To understand the dynamics of the peri-urban region it is crucial to examine multiple rural and urban characteristics. This book studies major changes in population, land and development with the integration of remotely sensed data and census data for 615 peri-urban villages surrounding Ahmedabad city of India. The chapters of the book are designed to cover key aspects of peri-urban change with geospatial methods. This book offers a comprehensive understanding and importance of analyzing peri-urban dynamics at the smallest spatial unit. It provides a detailed conceptual and methodological framework for the students and researchers to study peri-urbanization as well as for the policymakers to redefine the urban policies.

As China races towards modernity, its cities are experiencing an unprecedented surge in urbanisation, characterised by a relentless influx of migrants and sprawling expansion into suburban realms. Shiyu Yang draws upon Henri Lefebvre's influential theoretical framework and applies it to case studies of two urban villages in Beijing to examine how migrants shape the social production of space in these districts. With a wealth of first-hand material from the field, this study provides essential insights into the ongoing processes and social dynamics that resonate with scholars from cross-disciplinary urban studies as well as practitioners in governance and urban planning.

In diesem Open-Access-Buch stehen Pflegefachpersonen im Zentrum, die zugleich pflegende Angehörige sind. Als professionell Pflegende verfügen sie über Fachwissen, pflegefachliche Kompetenzen und Kenntnisse zum Versorgungssystem. Als pflegende Angehörige sind sie persönlich betroffen. Die qualitative Studie fokussiert auf das Erleben der Doppelrolle als beruflich Pflegende und zugleich pflegende Angehörige. Sind dies ¿zwei Paar Schuhe¿?Ausgehend von einer Literaturrecherche und der Sekundäranalyse von Interviewdaten wurden episodische Interviews mit 15 Interviewpartner*innen geführt. Die Datenanalyse verdeutlicht ihre Aufgaben im Krankheitsverlauf, welche Entwicklungen sie durchlaufen und ihre Erfahrungen in der Doppelrolle. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Befragten über ein Repertoire von Handlungsoptionen verfügen, die sie im Umgang mit Fachpersonen der Gesundheitsversorgung nutzen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in einem Modell gebündelt, das ihre Positionierung als pflegende Angehörige und zugleich Pflegefachperson im Versorgungskontext veranschaulicht.

Listening, experiencing, drawing or interpreting spaces: narratives, experiences, visualizations and discourses can be helpful for the empirical investigation of spaces. This interdisciplinary handbook presents a broad spectrum of established methods and innovative method development to capture and understand different facets of spaces. Instructive explanations and concrete examples make the varied qualitative methods of spatial research understandable and applicable across disciplines. The theoretical and methodological aspects of qualitative spatial research form the framework of this handbook.

This is the first anthology that conveys in detail the actual situation of population geographies in Japan, a country facing some of the world's most serious demographic trends such as low fertility, population aging, and depopulation. The anthology consists of two volumes with the common title Japanese Population Geographies. All of the included entries are based on original Japanese papers written by leading geographers and published within the past few years, useful for understanding Japan¿s current population geographies. The first volume analyzes the postwar transition of internal migration, examining the structural changes of population in urban areas, and proposes a new measure different from the traditional resident population. This volume also presents an investigation of the retirement migration of baby boomers as well as displacement migration due to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The second volume¿s contents examine the residential choicesof minority populations such as foreign residents and sexual minorities. It also discusses future prospects associated with mono-polar concentration into Tokyo, regional forecasting using population projections based on small-area units, and the importance of a politicöeconomic perspective in future research. Taken as a whole, this anthology offers the following two significant contributions. First, the excellent achievements obtained in Japan, which is experiencing serious demographic trends, reflect key developments within the context of the world's population geography. The second contribution is that the publication brings the latest insights and important policy implications to countries that are facing various issues associated with decreasing fertility, aging population, and declining population.