Befolkning og demografi

This is the first anthology that conveys in detail the actual situation of population geographies in Japan, a country facing some of the world's most serious demographic trends such as low fertility, population aging, and depopulation. The anthology consists of two volumes with the common title Japanese Population Geographies. All of the included entries are based on original Japanese papers written by leading geographers and published within the past few years, useful for understanding Japan¿s current population geographies. The first volume analyzes the postwar transition of internal migration, examining the structural changes of population in urban areas, and proposes a new measure different from the traditional resident population. This volume also presents an investigation of the retirement migration of baby boomers as well as displacement migration due to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The second volume¿s contents examine the residential choicesof minority populations such as foreign residents and sexual minorities. It also discusses future prospects associated with mono-polar concentration into Tokyo, regional forecasting using population projections based on small-area units, and the importance of a politicöeconomic perspective in the future research. Taken as a whole, this anthology offers the following two significant contributions. First, the excellent achievements obtained in Japan, which is experiencing serious demographic trends, reflect key developments within the context of the world's population geography. The second contribution is that the book brings the latest insights and important policy implications to countries that are facing various issues associated with decreasing fertility, aging population, and declining population.

The award-winning author of Texas, a Modern History and Galveston: A History presents the first comprehensive narrative of urban development in Texas from the Spanish Conquest to the present.

This book gathers peer-review contributions to the 5th International Workshop on Gerontechnology, IWoG 2022, held on November 17-18, 2022, in Évora, Portugal, and in Caceres, Spain. They report on cutting-edge technologies and optimized workflows for promoting active aging and assisting older adults at home, as well as in healthcare centers. They discuss the main challenges in the development, use and delivery of health care services and technologies. Besides proposing solutions for improving monitoring and management of health parameters and age-related diseases, the chapters also describe approaches for helping seniors in their daily tasks and facilitating their communication and integration with assistive technologies. All in all, this book provides health professionals, researchers, and service providers with extensive information on the latest trends in the development and application of gerontechnology, with a special emphasis on improving quality of life and socialintegration of the elderly.

This book gathers peer-review contributions to the 4th International Workshop on Gerontechnology, IWoG 2021, held on November 23-24, 2021, in Evora, Portugal. They report on cutting-edge technologies and optimized workflows for promoting active aging and assisting elderly people at home, as well as in healthcare centers. They discuss the main challenges in the development, use and delivery of health care services and technologies.  Not only they propose solutions for improving in practice the monitoring and management of health parameters and age-related diseases, yet they also describe improved approaches for helping seniors in their daily tasks and facilitating their communication and integration with assistive technologies, thus improving their quality of life, as well as their social integration. All in all, this book provides health professionals, researchers, and service providers with extensive information on the latest trends in the development and practical application of gerontechnology, with a special emphasis on improving quality of life of the elderly.

This volume explores one of the most complex labour landscapes of India - the urban daily labour market. These markets form an important sector of the urban informal labour market and contribute significantly to the Indian economy. This book presents an empirical, comparative picture of daily labour markets, in Gujarat, Western India.These markets consist mostly of intra-state and interstate migrant workers who suffer from layered multiple marginalities based on markers of informality, migrant status, caste, ethnicity, gender and poor agency and often live in the peripheries of the cities without any rights and entitlements to their spaces and services. This study, based on an extensive survey of three cities in Gujarat, contains descriptions and analyses of the places of migration and their causes as well as the working and living conditions of the workers along with their spending patterns on food, health, education and leisure. It mirrors the work, life and issues of these workers on the regional level while contributing to a better understanding for future policy interventions.An in-depth study, the book will be of interest to students and researchers of labour economics, labour studies, urban planning, social work, sociology, anthropology, and demography. It will also be useful to NGOs/trade unions working with migrant workers, civil servants in Labour department and other related departments, city planners and policy makers.

Das eigene Zuhause gilt vielen nach wie vor als der ¿ideale¿ Sterbeort. In mehreren Fallstudien zeigt der vorliegende Band am Beispiel der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV), wie das Sterben zu Hause in organisierte Formen übersetzt und professionell begleitet bzw. versorgt wird. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudien zeigen, wie zwischen vielfältigen und zum Teil auch widersprüchlichen professionellen Anforderungen, aber auch den Erwartungen von Patient:innen und Angehörigen vermittelt werden kann. Durch die Analyse der beruflichen Perspektiven von Palliativärzt:innen und Palliative Care Fachkräften wird ersichtlich, wie die sich in Folge von Ausdifferenzierung und Spezialisierung immer weiter verselbstständigende medizinische und pflegerische Expertise im privaten Raum gegenüber einem ¿Laienpublikum¿ aus Patient:innen und Angehörigen bewähren kann. Es wird beispielhaft am Thema der Palliativversorgung zu Hause aufgezeigt, wie die ¿Produkte¿ eines Prozesses der funktionalen Differenzierung gesellschaftlich anschlussfähig werden.

This book applies environmental, social and governance (ESG) to issues of sustainable development in healthcare. ESG reporting has been widely used for some time in the business industry to show the economic, social and environmental responsibilities of companies that aim to achieve superior ESG performance for lower risk, more accountability and transparency. Moreover, public-listed companies in healthcare have been growing in significant numbers in recent years. The application or practice of ESG in healthcare has become a growing trend for these large organisations looking to demonstrate their strengths in areas of financing, operations, sustainability and social responsibilities. Such an approach is essential not only for the long-term development of the companies but also for services delivered by healthcare practitioners. Equally, the implications to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 is relevant to healthcare worldwide with a growing ageing population, which has led to a great burden of care in many countries, particularly in the public sector. The potential development and expansion in private healthcare services, accelerated by technology advancement, has demanded a new paradigm in the healthcare industry, particularly in business, service delivery and policy. The book examines this paradigm through health in all policies, ESG and SDG 3 objectives, research, training and practice. It is relevant to graduate students and scholars working in areas relating to health, business and the SDGs and is also useful to policymakers and practitioners in healthcare.

State Profiles 2023 provides a completely updated ten-page profile for each U.S. state plus the District of Columbia provides reliable, up-to-date information on a wide range of topics, including: population, labor force, income and poverty, government finances, crime, education, health insurance, voting, marital status, migration, and more.

This book provides a collection of key papers about migration, focusing on multiple aspects of international and internal migration in various times and places. Because migration has been such an important part of global peopling, the book contains synopses of major geographic movements from ancient and early history as well as the present. It includes material from anthropology, archaeology, criminology, demography, economics, ethnic studies, geography, health sciences, history, law, public policy, political science, psychology, and sociology. By providing a treatment of migration that is multifaceted, comparative, and multi-disciplinary, it offers not only a basis for conceptualizing broad features of migration and their changes, but also one for discerning the formal and informal policy auspices that have influenced migration. The book thus constitutes a significant resource for students, teachers, practitioners, scholars, and researchers interested in or working on aspectsof migration in any field. It should be particularly useful for people seeking information and knowledge about migration from fields other than their own.

The French Revolution was both democratic and demographic and did not begin and end in 1789. The French were able to sustain it over several generations because they retained a relatively clan-based land-tenure system, able to preserve intergenerational values and projects and to exploit secret printing, secret societies - including Freemasonry - and secret information via a tight pedlar network. The uptake of birth-control among ordinary people was a measure of democratic self-determination. The French, who had high birth rates and high infant mortality under the Old Regime, began to use contraception widely as monarchy and church domination ended, with a huge drop in family size, more than 100 years before comparable countries. Leading up to the Revolution, sex for pleasure and rejection of traditional authority were normalised among the ordinary French via massive clandestine distribution of pornographic, anti-clerical, and anti-royal literature, which the monarchy had deemed illegal on pain of death. Using comparative methods, the author shows that, although many democratic revolutions were mooted and attempted there, the ordinary British, Irish, and French-Canadians could not maintain organised and effective revolutionary processes or control their family sizes. Their repeatedly fractured populations were easily undermined internally by government spies, whilst the French resisted concerted long-term external military opposition and the temporary reinstallation of monarchies.The book reviews biological, social, and political theory on family size, structure, and transmission of territory, and gives a detailed demographic and revolutionary history of France, Britain, Ireland and French Canada, including a comparative history of corresponding societies and Freemasonry in these countries. The post-Revolutionary French population provides a major example of a population which reduced its fertility prior to industrialisation, despite increasing life expectancies and marriage rates. The French case challenges the still dominant Warren Thomson demographic transition model (1929) that industrialisation is a requirement for a demographic transition from high fertility and low life-expectancy to low fertility and high life-expectancy.

This handbook integrates and discusses a growing evidence base concerning individual development across middle and late adulthood. The book includes a comprehensive analysis of what growth implies within midlife and older age and considers how different developmental areas are intertwined (i.e., physical, cognitive, social and emotional development as well as personality growth). As the gap between theory and practice still constitutes an issue in developmental research, the handbook also aims to provide illustrative examples of prevention and intervention from a positive psychology perspective. These were selected to represent a variety of topics, relevant for individual development where research informs practice, ranging from happiness, grandparenthood, love and sexuality to loneliness, depression, anxiety, suicide prevention and coping with death. This handbook is a must-have resource for students and researchers working in developmental psychology, health psychology, gerontology and, public health. It will also be of interest to practitioners such as counsellors, life coaches, psychotherapists, organizational psychologists, health professionals, social workers or public health planners.

An in-depth exploration of how a transportation company created a vision for a burgeoning nation and played a leading role driving immigration to the Canadian West.

This handbook presents a timely and comprehensive overview of theory, data, methods and research findings that connect human population dynamics and environmental context. It presents regional summaries of empirical findings on migration and environmental connections and summarizes environmental impacts of migration - such as urbanization and deforestation. It also offers background on the health implications of environmental conditions such as climate change, natural disasters, scarcity of natural resources, as well as on resource scarcity and fertility, gender considerations in population and environment, and the connections between population size, growth, composition and carbon emissions. This handbook helps readers to better understand the complexities within population-environment connections, in addition to some of the opportunities and challenges within environmental demography. As such this collection is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and policy analysts in the areas of demography, migration, fertility, health and mortality, as well as environmental, global and development studies.

The proposals in London of the Future aim to predict and prescribe how the metropolis might be governed, organized, and designed in years to come and to provoke debate among planners, architects, and developers not only in London but in all major cities throughout the world.Over the course of eighteen essays, experts in various fields - urbanism, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, futurology, journalism, and more - examine possibilities for reimagining and improving many aspects of the city. These writers consider changes both radical and minor that could shape London into a more resilient city and a fairer, healthier place to live. The architectural commentator Peter Murray provides an engaging introduction. Discussing some of the more interesting and, in some cases, eccentric proposals of the earlier book, he paves the way for an entirely new and up-to-date collection of ideas for the twenty-first century and beyond.The architectural critic and consultant Hugh Pearman ponders the dangers and uses of prediction while proposing that London be improved and made more liveable, rather than expanded and developed. The architect Carolyn Steel continues the focus on making the city a more pleasant place to live by discussing the future of its food supplies, considering the place of farming within the city's boundaries to spearhead urban renewal in a newly environmental age. The engineer Roma Agrawal advocates increasing cross-disciplinary understanding in the building and engineering world so that tomorrow's engineers can be curious without boundaries. Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara of the architectural practice Grafton interrogate the meaning of permanence, and what London's inhabitants will need from their buildings.Urbanist Kat Hanna discusses the future of two of London's identities: the Central Business District and the Financial Services Hub.Mark Brearley, an architect and proprietor of a long-established London manufacturer, writes on the subject of the local high street and how the city is strengthened by these social, commercial hubs. Gillian Darley, a writer and historian, looks at the future of heritage and how the city's past can be conserved and contribute towards its future. Sarah Ichioka is an environmental and social consultant, and her approach focuses on the climate emergency and natural solutions to make the city more resilient. The architect Indy Johar puts forward radical ideas about the shift that is required of all London's inhabitants if the city is to transform itself for the future. Smith Mordak, an architect and engineer with Buro Happold, advocates for large infrastructural changes for sustainability. The cultural practitioner and writer Yasmin Jones-Henry, meanwhile, advocates for the value of cultural activities, powered by diversity.The theatre director Jude Kelly calls for London's broadly inclusive cultural past to be put at the center of future plans and imagines a place for AI in that future. Dame Baroness Lawrence, a campaigner who has promoted reforms in the police service, uses housing, education, policing, and racial equality to put forward her vision for a more equitable London. The journalist Anna Minton sets the extraordinarily high values of property in certain areas of the city against a crisis of social housing and the poor quality of low-income housing and asks how the problem of housing inequality can be solved.The architect Claire Bennie also examines how housing can be made fairer and available to more people. The futurologist Mark Stevenson imagines a commercial, building-focused solution to the problem of climate change.The journalist Tony Travers imagines London's future in relation to its survival of past crises. Neal Shashore, an architectural historian, focuses on the approach to educating future designers of the capital, to champion inclusivity and focus on the needs of people and communities.

This Fourth Edition of a pioneering book provides a critical analysis of the origins and evolution of political and policy debates regarding race and racism in British society. Drawing on a broad range of both theoretical and historical research, the focus of the book is on the development of policies and debates in the period from the second half of the 20th Century to the present. The book is organized into twelve chapters which provide an overview of key trends, situating the development of policies and developments in relation to immigration and citizenship, race relations policies and broader agendas about multiculturalism and living with difference. In the substantive chapters of the book there is also a detailed discussion of such issues as policing, urban unrest and protest, racist politics, black and ethnic minority politics and conversations about multiculturalism. This new edition engages with both the historical background as well as contemporary developments to provide a novel and wide-ranging account of the role that questions about race and racism play in British society.

This book focuses on developing the use of ethnographic research for rehabilitation practitioners by recognizing its value methodologically and empirically in the field of rehabilitation. The very nature of ethnographic research offers an array of opportunities for researchers to understand the social world around them. The book identifies the multifaceted use of ethnographic methods in the rehabilitation setting. It touches on how acute and chronic conditions can affect the nature of ethnographic work in attempts to offer originality in a range of rehabilitation settings. Readers will find this collection of examples useful for informing their own research, and it aims to enlighten new discussion and arguments regarding both methodological and empirical use of ethnographic work internationally.

"The last few decades have seen an increase in the migration of ageing people from richer Northern and Western countries to poorer Southern and Eastern countries. This book seeks to understand the motivation behind retirement migration and how precarity in later life contributes to this trend. Drawing on accounts of retirees from different nations, the book examines how welfare policies in their home country and their country of migration interact to shape their experiences of migration. It shows how ageism impacts social precarity across different social classes, and across economic, social and health dimensions. It also evaluates how local and global systems of inequalities influence retirement migrants' experience, providing both opportunities and constraints that differ across countries."--

One New Haven summer evening in 2006, a retired grandfather was shot point-blank by a young stranger. A hasty police investigation culminated in innocent sixteen-year-old Bobby being sentenced to prison for thirty-eight years. New Haven native and acclaimed author Nicholas Dawidoff returned home and spent eight years reporting the deeper story of this injustice, and what it reveals about the enduring legacies of social and economic disparity.In The Other Side of Prospect, he has produced an immersive portrait of a seminal community in an old American city now beset by division and gun violence. Tracing the histories of three people whose lives meet in tragedy-victim Pete Fields, likely murderer Major, and Bobby-Dawidoff indelibly describes optimistic families coming north from South Carolina as part of the Great Migration, for the promise of opportunity and upward mobility, and the harrowing costs of deindustrialization and neglect. Foremost are the unique challenges confronted by children like Major and Bobby coming of age in their "forgotten" neighborhood, steps from Yale University. After years in prison, with the help of a true-believing lawyer, Bobby is finally set free. His subsequent struggles with the memories of prison, and his heartbreaking efforts to reconnect with family and community, exemplify the challenges the formerly incarcerated face upon reentry into society and, writes Reginald Dwayne Betts, make this "the best book about the crisis of incarceration in America."The Other Side of Prospect is a reportorial tour de force, at once a sweeping account of how the injustices of racism and inequality reverberate through the generations, and a beautifully written portrait of American city life, told through a group of unforgettable people and their intertwined experiences.

Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.Das Recht auf Gesundheit und Wohlergehen steht allen Menschen zu, unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht, Beeinträchtigung oder anderen Vielfaltsmerkmalen. Auf die enge Verknüpfung von gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe und bestmöglicher Gesundheit macht das Gemeinschaftswerk aufmerksam. Es weist auf Exklusions- und Isolationsrisiken hin, zeigt Erfahrungen aus der Coronapandemie auf und öffnet Wege, um Benachteiligungen abzubauen, auch für den demografischen Wandel. Vielfache wissenschaftliche Expertise (aus dem Wissenschaftlichen Beirat der Bundesregierung zur Teilhabeberichterstattung) und zukunftsweisende fachliche Debatten werden unterlegt mit neuesten Daten und dem Blick auf die globalen Gesundheitsziele.