Befolkning og demografi

Taking the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan) as a theoretical framework, this book examines shrinking Japan from a regional variation perspective by municipality along the ancient Tokaido, which comprises 15 provinces, and seven prefectures today. The study identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva, within a historical perspective. This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, presenting a completely unique approach from what other researchers have pursued.This volume studies two present-day prefectures along the ancient Tokaido for detailed analyses of the impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Shizuoka Prefecture, made upof the former Tootoumi, Suruga, and Izu provinces, and Mie Prefecture, formed by the ancient provinces of Iga, Ise, Shima, and the eastern part of Kii as examples to show the impacts of municipal power on regional variations of shrinking Japan. The reasons for selecting these two prefectures of the ancient Tokaido are twofold. First, they are made up of a multiple number of the ancient provinces. Second, other prefectures that fall under the Tokaido have been studied in the previous works of the present author by adopting the same methods of analyses. Thus, by presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels, with demographic variables, social indicators, and historical identities of municipalities in Shizuoka and Mie prefectures along the Tokaido, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policy to revitalize shrinking Japan to a sustainable one.

Long accused of racism and “white flight,” the ethnic Americans driven from their homes and neighborhoods—the author included—finally get the chance to tell their side of the story.“A startlingly honest and poignant look at ‘white flight’ from the white perspective. A necessary and overdue corrective.” —Brent Bozell III, founder and president of the Media Research Center I asked one lifelong friend, a rare Democrat among the displaced, why he and his widowed mother finally left our block in the early 1970s, twenty years after the first African-American families moved in. He searched a minute for the right set of words, and then simply said, “It became untenable.” When I asked what he meant by “untenable,” he answered, “When your mother gets mugged for the second time, that’s untenable. When your home gets broken into for the second time, that’s untenable.” In researching this project, I found myself repeatedly stunned by the failure of self-described experts on white flight to ask those accused of fleeing why it was they fled. The reason the experts didn’t ask, I discovered, is that they were afraid of what they might learn.

In den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten sind die Anteile befristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse bei jungen Erwachsenen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in anderen spätkapitalistischen Gesellschaften deutlich angestiegen. Eingebettet in fortdauernde Trends einer Verringerung wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Sicherungsstandards hat diese Entwicklung dazu beigetragen, dass sich Übergänge in stabile berufliche Karrieren und planbare private Zukunftsgestaltungen diversifizieren und verzögern. In der vorliegenden Studie wird eine soziologische Erklärung der Auswirkungen befristeter Beschäftigung auf private und partnerschaftliche Zukunftsgestaltungen von jungen Erwachsenen theoriegeleitet ausgearbeitet und empirisch überprüft. Da mit der Ausweitung befristeter Beschäftigung das klassische männliche Ernährermodell in Begründungsnot gerät, so die zentrale These, werden Neuaushandlungen von Geschlechterrollenarrangements in jungen Partnerschaften erforderlich. Nicht allein sozioökonomische Risiken imKontext befristeter Beschäftigung, auch die sich wandelnden geschlechter- und erwerbsbezogenen Rollenerwartungen wirken sich verzögernd auf private und partnerschaftliche Zukunftsgestaltungen aus.Die Studie richtet sich an Forschende, Lehrende und Studierende der Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft, Psychologie und in benachbarten sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Ebenso adressiert sie methodisch versierte Praktiker*

Sanitation is fundamental to urban public life and health. We need Sanitation for All.

Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.Trotz des schnellen Wachstums des Anteils der Bevölkerung in einem Alter ab 80 Jahren an der Gesamtbevölkerung ist das Wissen über diese Bevölkerungsgruppe bislang gering. Zwar gibt es thematisch, methodisch und regional spezifische Studien, jedoch keine repräsentative Erfassung der Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität dieser Altersgruppe für den gesamtdeutschen Raum. Eine gute Datenlage ist jedoch notwendig: Zum einen, um den besonderen Unterstützungsbedarfen im hohen Alter zukünftig besser gerecht werden zu können. Zum anderen, um Lösungsansätze für sozialpolitische Herausforderungen wie der sozialen Sicherung im Alter sowie im Hinblick auf eine Generationengerechtigkeit entwickeln zu können. Schließlich, um negativen Altersbildern und Vorurteilen über die Lebensqualität im hohen Alter empirisch fundiert entgegenwirken zu können. Die Studie "Hohes Alter in Deutschland¿ (D80+) ist eine bundesweit repräsentative Querschnittsbefragung der hochaltrigen Menschen in Privathaushalten und in Heimen. Sie wird vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gefördert und gemeinsam vom Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres) und dem Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen (DZA) durchgeführt. Die Studie vereint Perspektiven der an den beteiligten Institutionen verorteten Disziplinen wie Soziologie, Psychologie, Versorgungswissenschaften, Gerontologie und Medizin. Im vorliegenden Band werden zentrale Befunde u.a. zu den Themenbereichen Soziale und Digitale Teilhabe, Gesundheit und Versorgung, sowie Werte und subjektives Wohlbefinden vorgestellt.

Why does landscape matter to us? Lifescapes develops a new approach to landscape history based on comparative biography, offering a penetrating and richly empathetic study of the relationship between individual lives and landscapes, through eight compellingly varied modern British examples.

Mega events are accelerators of urban transformation with lasting effects on urban environments. In the spotlight of the spectacle these crucial factors are often ignored, deliberately underestimated or underreported. They pertain every aspect of urban living, making mega-events more than instances of ambitious overspending, but ruptures in the established modes of urban production amplifying social and political inequalities. In this volume, authors with different perspectives and from different geographies and disciplines are gathered to create a unique reflection on mega-events at the intersection of culture, sports, planning and politics. Starting from the case of Tokyo 2020, the contributors bring about planetary trajectories of urban transformation today from both a theoretical and empirical perspective.

Soundscapes profoundly connect listeners to the places they inhabit and thereby reveal the vibrant and resonant fabrics that lie beneath the delineated spaces of visual representation. In Resonant Fabrics, Marvin Heine explores and celebrates the many-layered and ambiguously undulating sense- and soundscapes as they shape and are shaped by urban cultures and particular ways of listening. By examining historical documents, contemporary accounts, and original empirical material through a combination of actor-network-theory, ecology, and sound studies scholarship, he embraces, in a stylistically embodied and often poetic manner, the sonic urban world in all its fragile, ephemeral, yet deeply affective sonority.

What do planners need to know in order to use narrative approaches responsibly in their practice? This practical field guide makes insights from narrative research accessible to planners through a glossary of key concepts in the field of narrative in planning. What makes narratives coherent, probable, persuasive, even necessary - but also potentially harmful, manipulative and divisive? How can narratives help to build more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive communities? The authors are literary scholars who have extensive experience in planning practice, training planning scholars and practitioners or advising municipalities on how to harness the power of stories in urban development.

Over the past hundred years, the global motto has been "more, more, more" in terms of growth - of population, of the built environment, of human and financial capital, and of all manner of worldly goods. But reality is changing from the population boom of the 1960s and 1970s, as the earth's population begins to decline. In Smaller Cities in a Shrinking World, urban policy expert Alan Mallach seeks to understand how declining population and economic growth, coupled with the other forces that will influence their fates, particularly climate change, will affect the world's cities over the coming decades. Mallach has woven together his vast experience, research, and analysis in this fascinating, realistic-yet-hopeful look at how smaller, shrinking cities can thrive, despite the daunting challenges they face.

More than a century after muckraking journalist Lincoln Steffens derided the city of Philadelphia as being “corrupt and contented,” Philadelphia struggles to rise above this unfortunate characterization. Philadelphia, Corrupt and Consentingis the story of a city’s confrontation with a history that threatens its future. Author Brett Mandel, who has been a reform-oriented government official and political insider, provides a detailed account of the corruption investigation of John Dougherty, one of the city’s most powerful political figures, in order to expose and explore networks of corruption.    He examines the costs of corruption, both financial and nonpecuniary, and considers the opportunity cost that corruption imposes. Mandel explores the nature and development of Philadelphia’s unique culture of corruption, emphasizing how machine politics and self-dealing are entwined with city history, creating a culture that allows corruption to thrive. In addition, he provides practical, achievable policies and actions that can produce positive change in Philadelphia and elsewhere.   Mandel seeks to provide insight into how our collective actions or inattention give consent to the corruption, as well as its roots and effects, and the reasons for its persistence. Philadelphia, Corrupt and Consenting is a critique, but above all, it is a call to action.

Der Band skizziert Seniorenwirtschaft als einen vielfältigen Bereich des Wirtschaftens, der sich im Kern mit dem Management von Dienst- und Versorgungsleistungen befasst, die für interessierte und bedürftige ältere Menschen und Hochbetagte am Markt angeboten und von ihnen in Anspruch genommen werden. Er fokussiert dabei die Bereiche soziale Dienstleistungen, Wohnen, Betreuung und insbesondere Pflege. Der Sammelband thematisiert die wachsenden Herausforderungen für das Management und gibt einen Einblick in relevante Grundlagen, Konzepte und Methoden des Managements der genannten Bereiche der Seniorenwirtschaft. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Perspektive der verantwortlichen Führungskräfte.

This is the first monograph on the history of the Rudari people of Romania and the first mapping of their settlements. The Rudari are a population which has traditionally inhabited the Balkan area and much of Central Europe. Many of them do not know the Romani language but speak Romanian dialects and today make a living out of carving wooden household items, although their Slavic name alludes to mining. Indeed, the Rudari were for centuries gold-prospectors and gold-washers working for the Crown of Wallachia and were administrated as slaves by a monastery situated on the auriferous Olt river. The authors have reconstructed the fascinating history of this ethnic group for a period of 500 years until the 19th century when gold-panning went in decline due to the exhaustion of the reserves of alluvial gold.

"The crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s is arguably the least examined crisis in American history. Beginning with the myths inspired by Reagan's war on drugs, journalist Donovan X. Ramsey's exacting work exposes the undeniable links between the last triumphs of the Civil Rights Movement and the consequences we live with today-a racist criminal justice system, continued mass incarceration and gentrification, and increased police brutality. When Crack Was King follows four individuals to give us a startling portrait of crack's destruction and devastating legacy. Elgin Swift, an archetype of American industry and ambition and son of a crack-addicted father who turned their home into a 'crack house'; Lennie Woodley, a former crack addict and a sex worker; Kurt Schmoke, former mayor of Baltimore and an early advocate of decriminalization; and lastly, Shawn McCray, community activist, basketball prodigy, and a founding member of the Zoo Crew, Newark's most legendary group of drug traffickers"--