Kognitiv psykologi

This book offers a new and externalist perspective in ignorance studies. Agnotology, the epistemology of ignorance, and, more generally, ignorance studies have grown to cover and explore different phenomena and subjects of research, from known events in history and sociology of science to the investigation of ordinary reasoning and cognitive processing. Nonetheless, although interested scholars have discussed ignorance phenomena and their impact on cognition, most of them have only adopted an internalist perspective to approach this theme. Meanwhile, even though externalist perspectives on cognition flourished in recent literature, authors have paid little attention to the emerging field of ignorance studies. Ignorance has been generally left out from the inquiries on the extension of cognitive states, cognitive processes, and predictive reasoning. Thus, in this volume, we seek to merge the two growing areas of research and to fill this research gap fruitfully. By addressing the uncomfortable themes that pertain to ignorance and related phenomena through an externalist perspective, this book aims to provide much food for thoughts to cognitive scientists and philosophers alike, enriching the current range and reach of both ignorance studies and externalist approaches to cognition.

How does consciousness emerge from a brain that consists only of physical matter and electrical / chemical reactions? The deep mysteries of consciousness have plagued philosophers and scientists for thousands of years. This book approaches the problem through scientific studies that shed light on the neural mechanism of consciousness, and furthermore, delves into the possibility of artificial consciousness, a phenomenon that may ultimately solve the mystery. Finally, two key suggestions made in the book, namely, a method to test machine consciousness and a theory hypothesizing that consciousness emerges from a neural algorithm, reveal a novel and credible pathway to mind-uploading.The original Japanese version of this book has become a best-seller in popular neuroscience and has even led to a neurotech startup for mind-uploading.

"Psychological insights into weird beliefs and experiences"--

This book analyzes the linguistic diversity of South America based on approaches deeply rooted in the tradition of formal grammar. The chapters brought together in this contributed volume consider native languages all kinds of languages used in the region, including sign languages, indigenous languages and the romance languages (Portuguese and Spanish) originally introduced by European colonizers which underwent processes of transformation giving rise to new, local grammars. One fourth of the language families of the world are located in South America, but the majority of languages in the region are still understudied and out of the radar of theoretical linguistics mostly because their grammars are not well-known by international researchers. This book aims to fill this gap by bringing together studies rooted in the formal grammar approach first developed by Noam Chomsky, which sees language not only as mere corpora attested in oral and written production, but also asexpressions of systems of thought and language production which are essential parts of human cognition. The book is divided in three parts ¿ sign languages, romance languages and indigenous languages ¿, and brings together studies of the following South American languages: Brazilian Sign Language (Libras - Língua Brasileira de Sinais)Argentinian Sign Language (LSA - Lengua de Señas Argentina)Peruvian Sign Language (LSP- Lengua de Señas Peruana)Brazilian PortugueseChilean and Argentinian SpanishQuechuaParaguayan GuaraniA¿ingaeMacro-Jê languagesFormal Approaches to the Languages of South America will be an invaluable resource both for theoretical linguists and cognitive scientists by providing access to top quality research on understudied languages and enabling these languages to be incorporated into comparative studies that can contribute to advance the knowledge of general principles governing all human languages.

If you have ever felt held back from achieving your goals, then Overcoming Self-Sabotage is the book for you! This book shows readers how to overcome the mental and emotional blocks that keep them from reaching their full potential.This anthology of 10 powerful women from across the globe will help you to overcome self-doubt, manage stress and manage emotions more effectively. It will also provide tools to develop a growth mindset and cultivate resilience Self-sabotage is something that many people struggle with in life. It's the act of purposely holding yourself back from achieving goals or being successful. It can be caused by low self-esteem, fear of failure, or lack of confidence. The cycle can seem never ending if left unchecked; however, it doesn't have to be that way.In this book we explore why we become our own worst enemy and how this can lead us to self-sabotage our success. It looks at why these negative patterns develop and what we can do to break free of them. It provides practical tools, such as mindfulness meditation, cognitive restructuring and emotional intelligence exercises, to help readers identify their sabotaging behaviors and replace them with healthier habits.Overall, this book is an essential read for anyone who wants to release themselves from limiting beliefs and reach their fullest potential in life. With its down-to-earth advice and easy-to-understand strategies, Overcoming Self-Sabotage will show you how to become your own ally rather than your own enemy - so you can finally achieve those goals!Join the founders, Hanna Olivas and Adriana Luna Carlos, as well as the other 8 amazing authors in Overcoming Self-SabotageAdriana Luna CarlosHanna OlivasCindy WittemanTamara ShieldsCynthia ConcordiaKatie TschidaAndrea HuntPhilippa ScottGina ReneeCarol BustamanteSarah-Jane LaytonShe Rises Studios was founded by Hanna Olivas and Adriana Luna Carlos, the mother-daughter duo, in mid 2020 as they saw a need to help empower women around the world. They are the podcast hosts of She Rises Studios Podcast and the TV show hosts of Becoming An Unstoppable Woman, as well as Amazon best-selling authors and motivational speakers who travel the world. Hanna and Adriana are the movement creators of #BAUW - Becoming An Unstoppable Woman: The movement is to universally impact women of all ages, in whatever stage of life, to overcome insecurities, adversities, and develop an unstoppable mindset. She Rises Studios educates, celebrates, and empowers women globally.

کتاب "الگوهای بی]قرار" به بررسی چگونگی پایداری در زندان سیاسی از زاویه رفتارشناسی مغز می]پردازدانگیزه نوشتن این کتاب، تلاش برای یافتن پاسخ بر دو پرسش اساسی بوداول اینکه چرا پایداری افراد در زندان سیاسی با یکدیگر فرق می]کند؟ منظور این است چرا یک]نفر کمتر مقاومت می]کند و دیگری بیشتر؟ و از آنجایی که هر نوع پایداری در زندان بر اساس تصمیم]هایی است که افراد می]گیرند پرسش دوم این است که تصمیم]های ما تا چه حد آگاهانه است؟ درباره پرسش اول، تاکید بر تفاوت]های میان افراد است؛ تفاوت]های ژنتیک و کلیه تاثیرات اجتماعی بر افراد. و در مورد پرسش دوم، چاره]ای نیست جز ورود به مساله بحث]برانگیز اراده آزاد، یعنی همان موضوع قدیمی جبر و اختیارسعی کتاب بر ساده]نویسی بوده و خلاصه کردن رفتار پیچیده مغز، نه به]قصد تقلیل]گرایی، بلکه به]منظور ارائه کتابی است مختصر، غیرتخصصی و غیرآکادمیک. اشارات کوتاهی که در اینجا به ساختار و کارکرد مغز و موضوعاتی همچون خودآگاهی و اراده آزاد می]شود صرفا از زاویه هدف اصلی کتاب یعنی پاسخ]یابی دو پرسشِ مطرح شده است. "Unforeseen Patterns" by Reza AvestaThis book is about political prisoner's sustainability with a point of biological psychology views.The author's motivation for writing this book was to seek answers to two fundamental questions: First, why is the sustainability in political prisons so different for any individuals? This means why one person resists less while another one does more? And since any kind of sustainability in prison is based on their decisions, the second question is how conscious are those decisions?Regarding the first question, the emphasis is on the differences between people; Genetic differences and all social effects on individuals. And regarding the second question, we have no other choice but to enter into the controversial topic of free will. The book tries to simplify and summarize the complex behaviour of the brain, not with the intention of reductionism, but with the aim of presenting a brief, non-specialist and non-academic book. The short references that are made here to the structure and function of the brain and topics such as consciousness and free will are only from the perspective of the main goal of the book, which is to find answers for the two mentioned questions.

"For most of us, overwork is the new normal and rest is an afterthought. In our busy lives, rest is defined as the absence of work: late-night TV binges, hours spent trawling the internet, something to do once we've finished everything else on our to-do lists. But dismissing rest stifles our ability to think creatively and truly recharge. In Rest, Silicon Valley consultant Alex Pang argues that we can be more successful in all areas of our lives by recognizing the importance of rest: working better does not mean working more, it means working less and resting better. Treating rest as a passive activity secondary to work undermines our chances for a rewarding and meaningful life. Whether by making space for daily naps, as Winston Churchill did during World War II; going on hours-long strolls like Charles Darwin; or spending a week alone in a cabin like Bill Gates, pursuing what Pang calls "deliberate rest" is the true key to fulfillment and creative success. Drawing on rigorous scientific evidence and revelatory historical examples, Rest overturns everything our culture has taught us about work and shows that only by resting better can we start living better"-- Provided by publisher

Have you ever wanted to be good at reading people? Do you often feel that analyzing people and knowing what they want is your ultimate superpower?Well, if you do, you'll be surprised and happy to know that it's no superpower at all. It's very possible. That is down to Mentality. This book provides a way to make your dream of knowing what people secretly want come true. Mentalism can seem intimidating when starting. We understand how frustrating it can be. Here Is A Preview Of What You'll Learn...What is Mentalism?Why Should You Practice mentalismHow to Read Someone Like a Bookhow to Feel Like Yopu're Walking on the CeilingCard mentalism tricksTips and Precuations when it Comes to MentalismEvery of these methods involves some knowledge about the audiences' mind. Some of the mentalists have denied the fact that mentalism is a trick and have claimed that it is a supernatural ability, the truth remains that mentalism is a trick in which the mentalist plays with the conscious and the subconscious mind of the audience.

From the #1 award-winning author of Be a Change Agent.Using the terrifying real-life example of driving through foggy weather on a highway as a platform, Dr. Dele Ola teaches us that the true definition of blindness is lack of insight, perception, or judgment. Many people go through life working hard but never seeing results because they don't see clearly. They go through life as if they're driving through the fog or wearing a blindfold. This is why abuse of authority in corporations and politics exists. This is why society doesn't function optimally, why there is dysfunctional leadership at all levels, and why many people fail in their personal and professional lives. What we see is a function of our eyesight; how we see is a function of our insight. We must acquire clear-sightedness to succeed. Successful people leave a mark, experience personal fulfillment, and change the world because they see through their insight rather than their eyesight. The mind sees much more, and much farther, than the eyes can. You can see the world clearly through your mind without eyesight, but you cannot see clearly without insight.Captivating stories and personal anecdotes illustrate the central theme: we need to remove the barriers to clear-sightedness, the dense fog that beclouds understanding and prevents people from leading effectively, running successful businesses, accomplishing great things, reaching personal goals, and fulfilling personal visions. Dr. Ola himself strives to always live the principles presented in this book. He cites several examples from his own life and the lives of others throughout. Given his firm belief that one of the worst flaws anyone can have is to possess physical sight but lack insight and be unable to see the world clearly through the lens of sound principles, Dr. Ola passionately shares how to see clearly with insight for the betterment of ourselves and our world.

Do you wake up and reach for your phone? Do you pick it up and then look at the clock, wondering where the time went? Do you want to reduce weight yet continue to consume junk food? How effective are you in your work or business? Are you restless and unable to concentrate? Do you find it difficult to feel excited about big projects?You will comprehend how our use of smart phones impairs our capacity to focus, think abstractly, and form new memories. You will then make personalized changes to your system's settings, environment, and mental attitude needed to retake control of your life. In this comprehensive guide, you'll learn:The science behind dopamine and how it affects your brain and behaviorThe negative impact of dopamine dysregulation on your mental and physical healthThe benefits and potential risks of dopamine detoxStrategies for managing cravings and anxietyThe role of self-care in dopamine detoxificationLong-term benefits of dopamine detox and preventing relapseAnd much more!You'll also learn about the latest research on the brain and how to use it to be more productive. The Dopamine Detox Secrets Book is not only an easy read but also a step-by-step guide to help you understand the science behind distractions and how to overcome them.

The ¿Re-Inventing Organic Metaphors for the Social Sciences¿ is a volume with the specific goal: to challenge psychological understandings by connecting psychological approaches with multidimensional perspectives of various other scientific streams, meanwhile imbedding the generated knowledge in metaphors that allows researchers to follow phenomena into a deeper and more (w)holistic understanding of its appearance. This is particularly important when the humankind faces challenges due to systemic biological changes, as the phenomenological dynamics bonded to those challenges can be conserved in appropriated context. For this purpose, the organic metaphors are introduced. A tool that has central advantage over mechanical metaphors as it can capture the complex and open-systemic nature of biological, psychological, and social phenomena. For example¿the widely used notion ¿mind as a computer¿ may be more productively replaced by ¿mind as a membrane¿¿with implications (e.g. focus on borders in-between, or in systems in themselves- exosystemic realities in our world). There are many other fertile opportunities not yet explored in the realms of psychology and other sciences. Furthermore, the contributors operated also as cross-reviewers for each other¿s. In this occasion a new dimension, in chapter construction, will be introduced. Beside the traditional reviewing of another paper the reviewer has been asked to add a small list of extending questions toward the reviewed paper. These added questions have been introduced as potential questions that the authors were demanded to add into a final sub-chapter of their contribution. The subchapter has been titled as ¿Dialogue¿ (the author was free to select between the questions and ideas on those they believe could inhabit an especially worth for the future readers).

This book proposes a developmental theory of human mind as a basic interaction system of meaning making elements - so called dualities - progressing in dialectical shifts towards higher self-awareness. It elaborates on why this system has developed evolutionary, how it develops in the life courses of humans in modern societies and what hampers and promotes its progression to meet contemporary and future societal challenges.

A creative lifestyle is not a luxury, but a necessary elixir of life. Only with creativity can we overcome despair, hatred and violence, in the world and in ourselves. Using selected examples of exceptionally creative people, Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla encourages us to unleash our own creative and social potential.Readers become acquainted with Madonna and Amy Winehouse, John Lennon, Jim Morrison, and Mick Jagger. Before wandering through their lives and work in the interplay of constructive and destructive forces, they encounter the "Big Five of Creativity": talent, ability, motivation, resilience, favorable environments. The author has theoretically researched their interaction over decades, tested them in practice and drawn the conclusion: The creative transformation of human destructiveness is our chance to lead a fulfilled life in social responsibility.

This book examines the alignment of residential educational aims and university educational aims in order to provide guidance for implementing university-specific residential educational aims. Grounded in a new theoretical model of residential education, Residential Education in university probes into how university students adopt transformative learning through residential halls in different universities. By reviewing case studies, experience sharing, and residential hall models in renowned universities in Asia, U.K., and USA respectively, this book offers a wide perspective to assess different residential education models in practice and useful programs to promote students learning outcomes. The detailed discussion on how to create learning environments and align educational aims of residence and university to maximize learning outcomes in different cultural contexts provides readers with insight into how the residential experience in university can be improved.

Many mental health providers are seeking guidance in designing and improving peer support programs for people with mental illnesses. However, the evidence base in this area is limited by lack of consensus on the core components of peer support. This research provides a comprehensive, nuanced view of peer support reaching people with schizophrenia. Results of a realist review of 355 sources and interviews with experts in the field are presented. Realist review is an approach to evidence synthesis that asks, ¿What works, for whom, and in what circumstances?¿ Results include a typology of key functions of peer support (e.g., being there, linkage to clinical care and community resources, systems advocacy, ongoing support), documented benefits (e.g., decreased acute care utilization, increased recovery), and implementation recommendations (e.g., critical mass of peer workers, supportive infrastructure, an organizational recovery orientation). The book is intended for program planners, managers, and researchers.

In Change Your Mind to Change Your Reality, Kris Ashley lays out a roadmap to guide readers toward living the best life possible. Drawing on the Law of Attraction, experiments in quantum physics, manifestation practices, and various healing modalities, the author guides the reader toward inner courage and compassion. By questioning long-held truths and accepted beliefs about the world, readers can work toward building more authentic relationships, taking charge of their physical and mental health, letting go of fear, and finding their purpose and passion in life. Through thoughtful exercises, stories, and new approaches to forgiveness, resiliency, and motivation, readers will be empowered and uplifted.

This book is about all things consciousness, great and small. It starts by pointing to the key characteristic of consciousness, without realizing which it cannot be understood: like everything else about the mind, it is fundamentally a kind of computation. Among many other matters, this explains: how it is that we share some aspects of consciousness with bacteria; how it can arise in artificial machines and not just living ones; how the empty cocoon of the self that it spins ends up pretending to be the butterfly; and how consciousness dooms this virtual butterfly to the splendor and the suffering of being awake and aware. Unlike most other books on consciousness, this one includes a discussion of some possible ways whereby we, pinned like butterflies by our species¿ history and socioeconomic circumstances, can awake to our collective predicament and join forces to do something about it. It should be of interest to all readers who care about the nature of our lived experience ¿ andabout our survival, which depends on developing critical consciousness of our dire situation and the social dynamics that shape it.

Archaeological and anthropological investigations of depictions seldom extend beyond a single culture or a single geographical location, although there is a powerful factor common to all depictions, the factor of human perception. In this volume an attempt is made to show how this factor affects both creation and recognition of depictions, how, in common with everyday vision of the environment, typical contours are derived and used, not merely to depict individually readily recognisable models, but also how by concatenation they lead to such a splendid figure as Australian Kakadu crocodiles, or by distortion to creation of illusions of pictorial depth, such as is evoked by Leonardo da Vinci¿s perspective and by inverted (Byzantine) perspective thought by some to be an aberration. Bartel¿s studies show that pictorial depth is often achieved to the artist¿s, and many a viewer¿s, but not to geometer¿s satisfaction by partial distortion, and Chinese masterpieces embody, side by side, ¿normal¿ and inverted perspective.The visual process is universally uniform (if it were not, one would not be able to recognise an Altamira bison as a bison) and its foibles can be freely exploited.Its best known exploiter is probably Cezanne. His pictures are admired by many and puzzle many. Strzemi¿ski postulated that they compound distinct lines of sight, thus endorsing primacy of central vision, a concept thought by Gombrich to be of greater import to geometers than to artists.

The study of the brain-mind complex has been hampered by the dichotomy between objective biological neuroscience and subjective psychological science. The two antithetical avenues of research are partly responsible for the failure to unravel the transformation of neural events into mental images: how matter becomes imagination, and vice versa; is the brain¿s consciousness equivalent to Ego consciousness? Is the ego the self? In its new and updated edition, ¿The Rosetta Stone of the Human Mind: Three Languages to Integrate Neurobiology and Psychology¿ illustrates how the simultaneous use of the languages of neurobiology, of mathematics, and of the humanities, enriches the understanding of the neural and mental realms and adds new dimensions to our perception of neuropsychological events. Dr. Sanguineti shows how the two seemingly dichotomous approaches are similar in what they describe, and he explores how the awareness and application of these perspectivesare helpful in getting a deeper theoretical grasp on major mental events, giving us a better understanding of individual minds, and fostering a more integrated therapeutic intervention. The intended readers include neuroscientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and anyone interested in the human mind.