Kognitiv psykologi

Das Buch hinterfragt die vermeintliche visuelle Evidenz von Kategorien menschlicher Ähnlichkeit und Differenz. Es bezieht Erkenntnisse aus den Sozial- und Kognitionswissenschaften sowie der Psychologie und Philosophie ein, um zu erklären, wie wir physische Unterschiede visuell wahrnehmen und zeigt, dass Wahrnehmung sowohl fehlbar als auch prozesshaft ist. Dazu bringen die Autorinnen Studien zur visuellen Kultur und künstlerische Forschung mit Ansätzen wie Gender, Queer und Trans Studies sowie postkolonialer Theorie miteinander ins Gespräch, um vereinfachte Vorstellungen von Identitätspolitik und kultureller Repräsentation zu verkomplizieren. Das Buch schlägt andere Sichtweisen auf Intersektionalität vor, um die Vorherrschaft von Kategorien der vermeintlich sichtbaren Differenz wie race und Geschlecht als analytische Kategorien infrage zu stellen.

Brian Loar (1939-2014) was an eminent and highly respected philosopher of mind and language. He was at the forefront of several different field-defining debates between the 1970s and the 2000s-from his earliest work on reducing semantics to psychology, through debates about reference, functionalism, externalism, and the nature of intentionality, to his most enduringly influential work on the explanatory gap between consciousness and neurons. Loar is widely credited with having developed the most comprehensive functionalist account of certain aspects of the mind, and his 'phenomenal content strategy' is arguably one of the most significant developments on the ancient mind/body problem.This volume of essays honours the entirety of Loar's wide-ranging philosophical career. It features sixteen original essays from influential figures in the fields of philosophy of language and philosophy of mind, including those who worked with and were taught by Loar. The essays are divided into three thematic sections covering Loar's work in philosophy of language, especially the relations between semantics and psychology (1970s-80s), on content in the philosophy of mind (1980s-90s), and on the metaphysics of intentionality and consciousness (1990s and beyond). Taken together, this book is a fitting tribute to one of the leading minds of the latter-20th century, and a timely reflection on Loar's enduring influence on the philosophy of mind and language.

Rupert Robson argues that we are now just two conceptual hurdles away from developing artificial superintelligence. The first of the two hurdles is to embed consciousness in AI, thereby giving us the sentient robot. The second is about the developmental step needed in AI design so as to achieve human-level flexibility in thought.

From one of the world’s leading neuroscientists: a succinct, illuminating, wholly engaging investigation of how biology, neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence have given us the tools to unlock the mysteries of human consciousness“One thrilling insight after another ... Damasio has succeeded brilliantly in narrowing the gap between body and mind.” —The New York Times Book ReviewIn recent decades, many philosophers and cognitive scientists have declared the problem of consciousness unsolvable, but Antonio Damasio is convinced that recent findings across multiple scientific disciplines have given us  a way to understand consciousness and its significance for human life.   In the forty-eight brief chapters of Feeling & Knowing, and in writing that remains faithful to our intuitive sense of what feeling and experiencing are about, Damasio helps us understand why being conscious is not the same as sensing, why nervous systems are essential for the development of feelings, and why feeling opens the way to consciousness writ large. He combines the latest discoveries in various sciences with philosophy and discusses his original research, which has transformed our understanding of the brain and human behavior.   Here is an indispensable guide to understand­ing how we experience the world within and around us and find our place in the universe.

Management, Operation, and Program Development in Human Services Organizations: EnvisionSMART(TM): A Melmark Model of Administration and Operation is the fourth guidebook in the EnvisionSMART(TM) series addressing leadership and management practices in human services organizations for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The authors describe a model of administration and operation formed from the disciplines of applied behavior analysis (ABA) and organizational behavior management (OBM). Critical components of organizational design and responsiveness are presented, with chapters devoted to behavior, clinical, and health safety, diversity-equity-inclusion (DEI), assessment and evaluation, and practice-research dissemination. The guidebook illustrates systems-wide implementation of assessment, measurement, intervention and evaluation procedures, includes many practice protocols, and details the evidence-support for programmatic recommendations.

The roles of faith, belief and spirituality in Alcoholics Anonymous are covered, but mostly this book is about behavior motivating beliefs, like those of the Cognitive Model. The beliefs of drinking alcoholics about their alcoholism, their life and alcohol are what keeps them drinking. These beliefs are shaped by the alcoholic's mental obsession which excuses and justifies drinking at every turn. Obsessions of every kind function by excusing and justifying aberrant behavior. Loss of faith in these excuses and justifications coupled with a crisis situation and the availability sobriety knowledge enables the alcoholic to see clearly and get sober. The alcoholic gets sober by believing in abstinence as the solution and active participation in the Alcoholics Anonymous as the method. Created and driven by the alcoholics will to live, sober beliefs get and keep the alcoholic sober. The personality and character shaping role of a Higher Power in 12 Step Recovery is explained. The adaptability of non-theistic faiths, such as Buddhist Meditation, is discussed. Freedom of belief is explained, including the freedom to be an atheist and participate in AA. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and SMARTrecovery, based in science, focus on the cultivation of rational beliefs. This books explanation of how beliefs are formed, within the human personality, adds much to the understanding of Cognitive Science. Faith and belief are defined and expanded on and the traditional religious connotations that monopolize these powerful psychological words are challenged. Use of faith and belief as terms of cognitive science is encouraged. The concept of Faiths Plural is introduced. Faiths Plural is the idea that several forms of faith acting in synergy get and keep alcoholics sober. For example faith in the AA program and faith in ones decision to stay sober together with other forms of faith create the belief structure within the personality of the alcoholic that motivates lasting sobriety. Faiths Plural is the primary challenge to the traditionally magical meanings of the words faith and belief. Cultivation of faith in sober realities and beliefs that motivate success in achieving goals are powerful tools useful to Cognitive Science.

"This workbook, Following Directions, provides step-by-step activities to quickly build the ability to independently follow multi-step directions. Key details of this workbook include: suitable for 1-1 or classroom use; includes a wide variety of tasks; gradually increments difficulty; multi-purpose: can be used to improve both written and listening comprehension; [and] no prep required. The ability to follow multi-step directions is key for school and learning success. Support your struggling learners with this fun, engaging workbook that will build your learner's ability and confidence in this important skill."--Page 4 of cover

Examines an extraordinary range of techniques and processes to facilitate learning in the classroom - indirect learning, suggestion, trance, psychodrama, relaxation, autogenic, biofeedback, visualisation, intuition, mind control, meditation. this are examined as proven approaches that can contribute to teaching and learning. It is a book about the psyche - the whole mind. It draws upon the great thinkers such as Jung, Freud, Rogers Ericsson and Whitehead. It is also about the goddess Psyche. It explores her myth and the myths of other gods as images of the other side of education.

I gamle dage bestod literacy i at kunne læse og skrive. Literacy er afledt af ordet bogstav, dvs. at man, når man på engelsk er literate, mestrer en kulturs sprogkoder. I dag er literacy-begrebet blevet udvidet med multimodale tegn, kommunikation i nye formater og genrer (fx film og podcast) og forståelsen for, at samfundets repræsentationer af virkeligheden ikke nødvendigvis er sande. Internettet har forstærket behovet for at undervise i fake news og kildekritik. Sociale medier har nødvendiggjort, at man underviser i diskurser og ansigtsløs kommunikation. Denne bog handler om at undersøge, hvad teknologier er, kan og gør i vores samfund og især i skolen. Når vi bruger de tre verber, ’er’, ’kan’ og ’gør,’ skyldes det, at teknologier ikke er det, de gør. En mobiltelefon er egentlig bare en række kredsløb med processor, antenne, trykfølsom skærm, højtaler og mikrofon. Men det, den har gjort ved vores liv, har været radikalt. Telefonen kan nemlig mange ting, fx gå på nettet, skabe kommunikation over store afstande og fungere som tv, radio og opslagsværk. Og meget mere. For 20 år siden talte man om IT som noget fremmed, der skulle integreres i undervisningen. I dag er teknologier ikke længere noget ydre, der skal integreres – de er blevet en del af os selv. Enhver elev og lærer anvender en mobiltelefon mange gange om dagen, og i dag kan mange typer undervisning ikke klares uden skærm og internetadgang. Det er ikke mindst ambitionen med denne bog at blive klogere på, hvad teknologier er, kan og gør, når vi bruger IT i undervisningen.

The roles of faith, belief and spirituality in Alcoholics Anonymous are covered, but mostly this book is about behavior motivating beliefs, like those of the Cognitive Model. The beliefs of drinking alcoholics about their alcoholism, their life and alcohol are what keeps them drinking. These beliefs are shaped by the alcoholic's mental obsession which excuses and justifies drinking at every turn. Obsessions of every kind function by excusing and justifying aberrant behavior. Loss of faith in these excuses and justifications coupled with a crisis situation and the availability sobriety knowledge enables the alcoholic to see clearly and get sober. The alcoholic gets sober by believing in abstinence as the solution and active participation in the Alcoholics Anonymous as the method. Created and driven by the alcoholics will to live, sober beliefs get and keep the alcoholic sober. The personality and character shaping role of a Higher Power in 12 Step Recovery is explained. The adaptability of non-theistic faiths, such as Buddhist Meditation, is discussed. Freedom of belief is explained, including the freedom to be an atheist and participate in AA. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and SMARTrecovery, based in science, focus on the cultivation of rational beliefs. This books explanation of how beliefs are formed, within the human personality, adds much to the understanding of Cognitive Science. Faith and belief are defined and expanded on and the traditional religious connotations that monopolize these powerful psychological words are challenged. Use of faith and belief as terms of cognitive science is encouraged. The concept of Faiths Plural is introduced. Faiths Plural is the idea that several forms of faith acting in synergy get and keep alcoholics sober. For example faith in the AA program and faith in ones decision to stay sober together with other forms of faith create the belief structure within the personality of the alcoholic that motivates lasting sobriety. Faiths Plural is the primary challenge to the traditionally magical meanings of the words faith and belief. Cultivation of faith in sober realities and beliefs that motivate success in achieving goals are powerful tools useful to Cognitive Science.

IntroductionAddiction is one of the most prevalent forms of disease in the current generation. It is a persistent kind of disease shown by wanting to use drugs; it is difficult to manage and control even though it has adverse and harmful results. Most people use drugs voluntary for healing purposes but consistent substance use leads to brain damage or a change in the proper functionality of the brain. This is due to the fact that the person has no self- control to the drug and is also unable to resist the drug. We have various forms of addiction today such as: - Addiction to porn- Addiction to drugs and alcohol- Addiction to online gambling- Addiction to foodThis book discusses the different forms of addiction and their symptoms, and factors that lead to addiction. Most of addicts try alternate ways to stop this adverse behavior but find it difficult stopping long-term. The book discusses how addicts of various types can be assisted through Dialectical Behavior Therapy. This is a kind of treatment that the addict undergoes to help them manage impulsive feelings and learn to accommodate stress and develop desired interpersonal skills. Dialectical Behavior Therapy uses modules in overcoming various addictions and it can be implemented to address substance abuse.

This book on consciousness spans the relation of individuals with the world and the individual's constitution at different organisational levels.

This book presents comprehensive, thorough and updated analyses of key cognitive individual difference factors (e.g., age, intelligence, language aptitude, working memory, metacognition, learning strategies, and anxiety) as they relate to the acquisition, processing, assessment, and pedagogy of second or foreign languages. Critical reviews and in-depth research syntheses of these pivotal cognitive learner factors are put into historical and broader contexts, drawing upon the multiple authors' extensive research experience, penetrating insights and unique perspectives spanning applied linguistics, teacher training, educational psychology, and cognitive science. The carefully crafted chapters provide essential course readings and valuable references for seasoned researchers and aspiring postgraduate students in the broad fields of instructed second language acquisition, foreign language training, teacher education, language pedagogy, educational psychology, and cognitive development.

"Previously published as Dirty Minds: How Our Brains Influence Love, Sex, and Relationships."

If the conscious mind--the part you consider to be you--is just the tip of the iceberg, what is the rest doing? In this sparkling and provocative book, renowned neuroscientist David Eagleman navigates the depths of the subconscious brain to illuminate its surprising mysteries. Why can your foot move halfway to the brake pedal before you become consciously aware of danger ahead? Is there a true Mel Gibson? How is your brain like a conflicted democracy engaged in civil war? What do Odysseus and the subprime mortgage meltdown have in common? Why are people whose names begin with J more like to marry other people whose names begin with J? And why is it so difficult to keep a secret? Taking in brain damage, plane spotting, dating, drugs, beauty, infidelity, synesthesia, criminal law, artificial intelligence, and visual illusions, Incognito is a thrilling subsurface exploration of the mind and all its contradictions.

This special issue of the Journal of Consciousness Studies is the sequel to Ten Years of Viewing from Within, commemorating the tenth anniversary of the publication of The View from Within, where Francisco Varela in collaboration with Jonathan Shear designed the foundations of a research program on lived experience.