Regionale myndigheder og andre lokale myndigheder

This book explores the prevailing role of rites of passage, ritual, and ceremony in contemporary children's lives through the lens of modern-day incarnations of uniformed youth movements. It focuses on the socialising ritual and customary practices of present-day grass-roots Scout and Guide groups, asking how Britain's largest and best-known uniformed youth organisations employ ritualised activities to express their values to their young members through language and gesture, story and song, dress, and physical artifacts. The author shows that these practices exist against a backdrop of culturally-constructed beliefs about what constitutes the 'good child' and 'good childhood' in twenty-first century Britain, with in-movement practices intended to help children develop positively and prepare for social life. The book draws on case study accounts of group performances, incorporating the voices of children and adults reflecting on their practices and experiences.

This book investigates policies for the promotion of housing affordability in the rental sector of attractive cities in Europe. Affordability links the housing situation to the economic situation of households, referring to conditions of access to housing and to the role of housing in determining poverty or wealth. The book examines the current affordability crisis and frames it in the ongoing process of urban restructuring and devolution of welfare. From the perspective of the Foundational Economy, the book calls for a proactive and effective role of public administrations in making the rental sector an affordable and stable alternative to housing financialization and commodification. By intertwining theory construction and real-world data collected through case studies in Milan and Vienna, the book provides an original framework for the analysis of public policies that promote rental affordability in a multi-level setting. Through the analysis, it highlights critical nodes of thedifferent (housing, urban, and social) policy domains at stake in the promotion of rental affordability in attractive cities. The book proposes a shift from the currently dominant supply-side argument to an integrated, intersectoral and multi-scalar policy system for making cities more affordable.

This book utilises comparative diachronic and synchronic analyses to investigate models of national urban agendas. Encompassing cases from Europe, North America, South America and Asia, it examines the changing global geography of national urban agendas since the second post-war period. The book demonstrates that whilst some discontinuities and differences exist between countries, they each demonstrate a common systematic investment in urban policies, that are considered as programmes of intervention and funding schemes for cities. Furthermore, in such programmes a political vision is evident which recognizes an important role for cities and urbanization processes at a national level. The book will appeal to scholars and students of public policy, urban planning and public administration, as well as practitioners and policymakers at the national and local levels.

This book aims to contribute to the transdisciplinary study of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus in cities and to help policy makers adopt a more integrated approach to natural resources management in urban environments to face the challenges and threats of climate change. This approach is based on a multidimensional scientific framework that seeks to understand the complex and non-linear interrelationships and interdependencies between water-energy-food under climate change and to generate solutions to reduce trade-offs among development goals and generate co-benefits that help encourage sustainable development and contribute to the achievement of SDGs, mainly SDG 11 (make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable) and SDG 13 (take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts).Governing the WEF nexus in cities is one of the greatest resource challenges of our time, as cities consume large amounts of WEF, but one that can also generate relevant alternatives with which to tackle climate change. To help fostering these alternatives, this book analyzes the governance, institutional and political economy factors that determine the effectiveness of the nexus approach and reviews the potential, the benefits and the policy implications of the adoption of the WEF nexus approach at the urban level. Through a series of hands-on cases, chapters in this book present the opportunities of the WEF nexus approach to achieve innovation and transformative change and discuss concrete areas of synergy and policy initiative to raise urban resilience. Water-Energy-Food Nexus and Climate Change in Cities will serve both as a guide for policy makers as well as a useful resource for students and researchers in fields such as urban studies, public health, environmental sciences, energy studies and public policy interested in learning how cities can represent possibilities to navigate and manage sustainability from local to global.

This is the first book to focus on the scope of social work practice within military settings from an international perspective, and therefore addresses what has been a significant gap in the literature. Given the critical support needs of military personnel and their families worldwide, and the expanding role of social work in responding to these needs, this book offers a comprehensive global understanding of the common military social work (MilSW) practices with active duty military service members and their families, as well as the forms of practice and approaches that are unique, or potentially transferable across nations.Based on a systematic inquiry conducted by the Editors, there are at least 25 countries that have social workers working directly within their country's military in either a civilian or uniformed capacity, or both. This book includes contributions from experts in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and the USA, who describe various aspects of the MilSW role within their country and the research that informs what military social workers do. The MilSW similarities and differences among these countries are highlighted, including developmental milestones, practice settings, practice orientation and approach, ethical dilemmas, military to veteran transition support, and past and current challenges. Experts from countries that do not yet have MilSW but are interested in developing it (Japan, Ukraine) or are in the process of establishing this area of practice (Slovakia), also contribute chapters about these developments and the evidence base that supports this direction.Military Social Work Around the Globe is a valuable resource for social work programs and essential reading for instructors and students in MilSW electives and specializations. It is also pertinent reading for occupational social work and international social work courses. In addition, this book is an important source of information for military social workers who would like to gain insights into existing programs and the possibilities for international collaboration, and for countries interested in developing MilSW.

This book traces raciolinguistic ideologies in England's schools, focusing on post- 2010 policy reforms which frame the language practices of low-income, racialised speakers as limited and deficient. Across interviews, policy mechanisms and classroom observations, the author shows how raciolinguistic ideologies are rooted in British colonial logics which continue to shape contemporary education policy. He shows how these policies require marginalised speakers to modify their speech patterns in line with normative standards of whiteness under new guises of social justice and research robustness. Finally, new visions for language education and linguistic justice are offered, demonstrating how teachers can see themselves as language activists to identify, resist and reject faults in a hostile and oppressive policy architecture. This book draws on fields including critical language policy, educational sociolinguistics, genealogy, raciolinguistics and critical language awareness.

Introducing the institutional logics perspective to street-level analysis, this book examines how street-level workers deal with the institutional logics that guide their organization - whether they follow or challenge them. While doing so, the book develops a theoretical framework to study street-level workers' institutional agency within organizations from different institutional backgrounds. The book conceptualizes street-level workers as institutional entrepreneurs and presents an original process model to capture deinstitutionalization efforts in street-level discourse. This ordinal model accounts for embedded agency and institutional entrepreneurship as well as for more gradual moves towards deinstitutionalization through the hybridization of institutional logics. The author tests the model empirically using interview data and discusses how street-level workers diverge from the institutional logic of their organization in almost two thirds of their statements, indicating a tendency towards institutional entrepreneurship. The book finally combines two literature strands: institutionalism and implementation research, showing how street-level workers may be perceived as institutional entrepreneurs.This book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of political science, public policy, public administration, and organizational studies, as well as to practitioners and policy-makers interested in a better understanding of institutional entrepreneurs, street work, and the institutional logics perspective. 

During his two terms as the fortieth president of the United States, Ronald Reagan kept a daily diary in which he recorded, by hand, his innermost thoughts and observations on the extraordinary, the historic, and the routine day-to-day occurrences of his presidency. Brought together in one volume and edited by historian Douglas Brinkley, The Reagan Diaries provides a striking insight into one of this nation's most important presidencies and sheds new light on the character of a true American leader.

The book addresses in detail local governance in Spain. In recent decades, local governments in Europe have increasingly found themselves under pressure from a multitude of new challenges, such as demographic change, climate change, fiscal austerity policies, digitization, the demand for more citizen participation in local affairs, and the migration crisis in some of them, to name just a few. Consequently, a wave of political and administrative reforms to address these challenges, pressures and problems, has changed local governance in many countries. In part, these changes were the result of reform policies introduced by national and state governments, often triggered by austerity policies, which has become an overwhelming reality for Spanish local governments that have been forced to introduce innovations in local governance. This book aims to give an account of these innovations in local governance in Spain.This book considers the local political-administrative structure in its dimensions, focusing on the analysis of its party system, electoral competition and political behavior in the local arena, as well as on local finances, all of which are determining elements in urban and rural governance processes. On the occasion of the recent crisis unleashed by Covid-19, the book will also deal with local governance in crisis situations. The book will also contextualize local governance processes in Spain in relation to the trends in local governance observed in other European countries.

Since the fall of the Berlin wall on the 9th/11/ 1989, the world leadership was assumed by the western block of countries behind the USA and NATO. The unique leader overused its power and behaves as a free electron, imposing his vision and policy. Wars and other armed conflicts were spread worldwide using lies. Africa becomes the land of new weapons testing. Behind each armed conflict are hidden the economic drivers of one or more industrialized countries. The highest command of the world guidance belongs to the USA and allies. The end of the cold war brought back the extrem imperialism based on predation, dominating power, the instinct of superiority and enhanced selfishness. All world wealth belongs to us and the other countries should remain poor, especially those countries supplying rwa materials. Proxy wars are very common such as the Ukraine-Russia war and the Rwanda backed 23 invasion of the DR Congo, etc. Under each war is hidden at least one superpower or G7 country. Human life is valueless and can be destroyed for the power economic interests.

This book provides a novel exploration of time and temporality in relation to punishment and criminal sanctioning. It goes beyond focussing on the prison to address punishment more broadly with contributions on punishment in the community (including after periods of imprisonment) and in areas of the criminal justice system which have typically received less attention such as prison transportation between prisons. The collection also includes a focus on temporality in criminal justice policy, and its potential impacts on speeding up justice, as well as the experiential nature of punishment. The book includes contributions from scholars in UK and Europe, with largely original research, and draws on the international literature. It hopes to encourage punishment scholars to consider how ideas from the sociology of time can inform their own research.

This book is the first systematic account of mega urban projects in China, covering their construction, operation and planning. It is a detailed examination of the planning and construction of Hongqiao and its impact on local residents. In short, the aim of this book is to examine the process of planning and development of the Hongqiao transportation and commercial zone, to explore its relationship to urban development and spatial restructuring in Shanghai, and in doing so to comment on and critique the nature of urban change in contemporary China, which is characterized as property- and infrastructure-driven. Mega urban projects are arguably the quintessential symbol of entrepreneurial urbanism, and it is no coincidence that they have become a familiar part of the urban scene throughout the world, not least in East Asia. They can be seen as both a consequence of, and a response to, the deindustrialization of leading cities, first in North America and Europe and then in East Asia, as economies transitioned to globalized neoliberalism. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of the land-based urban growth coalition formed in Hongqiao by introducing the detailed picture of the Hongqiao project, and it outlines the recent example of the competitive rush to urban projects in China's largest cities that has led to the proliferation of new financial districts in Beijing and Guangzhou.

Der Open-Access Band diskutiert das neue Bürgergeld in seiner sozialpolitischen Geschichte und Bedeutung. Das seit 2023 in Deutschland geltende ¿Bürgergeld¿ sollte die unbeliebte Sozialleistung ¿Hartz 4¿ ablösen, zugleich aber auch (noch) kein ¿Grundeinkommen¿ sein. Es war ein weiter Weg zum Bürgergeld, und für viele Menschen ist der Weg zum Bürgergeld noch weit. Der Band nimmt zugleich das Problem der Nichtinanspruchnahme in den Blick. Denn bei bedürftigkeitsgeprüften Sozialleistungen gilt mehr als für andere Leistungen: Es ist ein weiter Weg vom individuellen Anspruch bis zum Leistungsbezug. Die Beiträge gehen damit auch der Frage nach, warum so viele Menschen auf ihren sozialrechtlichen Anspruch verzichten und ob sich durch das Bürgergeld etwas an diesem Sachverhalt ändern kann. Die Beiträge verbinden Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik mit dem Ziel, das Bürgerrecht auf das Bürgergeld auch zu einer Aufgabe der Sozialen Arbeit werden zu lassen.

This book analyzes housing policy in terms of the quality of housing, theoretically and empirically. The analysis is prompted by the Japanese government's success in increasing the volume of housing through interest rate policy, as is shown by Vector Autoregession (VAR) analysis in this book; consequently, the focus of housing policy in Japan is now the quality of housing. This is the first book to analyze and propose housing monetary policy and housing subsidy policy to improve the quality of housing, which increase the number of houses that are barrier-free and earthquake resistant. This book is also the first to focus on appropriate valuation of housing using hedonic price function and the quality of houses. Using the method of valuation developed and proposed in this book, market clearing prices of houses can be calculated without analytical and theoretical error. Toward this end, the disclosure of information - the offer prices and attributes - of houses is proposed as a housing policy. In addition, in this research the author has developed a method to estimate the hedonic price index and rent index using the quality of houses for the first time in Japan. With hedonic price and rent functions, the author shows the extent to which differences in home ownership investment are caused by differences in information about the property. This finding shows the need to explore an appropriate method of valuation of houses. The propositions of this book can help companies benefit from the use of the hedonic housing valuation and hedonic price and rent indexes.

This book provides an original cross-thematic and wide scope review of crime prevention processes in urban areas that are explicitly based on the cooperation between different scientific and professional fields. Focusing primarily on environmental and community-based crime prevention, this book compiles a peer-reviewed collection of papers and prospective essays that explore how, and to what extent, multi-disciplinarity can be used as a cornerstone for achieving safer cities.Relying on the input from specialists, researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners from around the world, it covers the various stages from theory to implementation, by discussing theoretical stances, interpreting policy and planning guidelines, uncovering unique educational experiences, and narrating insights and lessons learned from innovative research and practice. Hence, it provides vivid discussions and invaluable insights into processes of partnership building, planning, and management, oriented towards establishing successful mechanism for preventing crime and reducing feelings of insecurity in urban areas.

This book presents range of topics concerning integrated CAD (including Optimization) for use in Architecture (including Planning), Civil Engineering and Construction (AEC), and thus, helps introduce a full-length treatment of the subject, enabling practitioners to adopt an Integrated Computer-Aided Design Approach in their professional activity. The book gives to readers an understanding of the main elements of CAD, highlighting the importance of integrating these elements and the applicability of Integrated CAD in AEC. Many examples and problems (including Optimization) are included to help professionals and students to develop and apply such tools in solving problems in AEC field. Adopts a problem solving approach in planning, design, and management stressing IT and Computer Application in AEC sector as a whole;Emphasizes resource-efficiency and social equity in problem solution in the AEC sector in general, and in urban development and management in particular;Stresses optimization and an integrated approach covering all components, including costs, affordability and environmental factors, scarcity of resources, and resolution of conflicting interests;Includes an accessible overview and source codes of C++ and Auto Lisp programs needed to carry out design analysis, optimization and drafting-drawing in an integrated manner.

This book conducts a comparative analysis of social and economic changes in the welfare state transformations in China and India, at national and sub-national levels. Discussions are made based on impacts from the social and economic changes in the last century and the fourth industrial revolution on welfare state transformations in China and India, the world's two largest countries in terms of population and density.First-hand empirical work is conducted by a group of scholars from India and China, which draws on inter-disciplinary and cross-cultural academic traditions to deepen social, cultural and legal understanding between the two countries.This book would appeal to undergraduate and graduate students in comparative sociology, political science, law and comparative welfare studies as well as researchers in these fields, as well as researchers in policy think-tanks and research institutes and officials in government and non-governmental organizations.

This book considers that contextual factors are important for the achievement of social justice and it recognizes that vulnerability to which children are exposed is a phenomenon throughout the planet, particularly in the South. It presents a theoretical review of social justice as well as different situations of vulnerability children experience in their daily lives in which they can be injured, affecting their well-being and the exercise of their rights. It examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children, considered as a vulnerable group warranting special social policy considerations. It also presents the need to change power structures in knowledge production and decision-making processes to achieve social justice for children; the importance of investing in children; the exclusion of children from participation in certain activities and the shame of not being able to participate in equal conditions with others;  the lives of migrant children belonging to ethnic minorities exposed to language barriers and access to technological devices; and the analysis of the process of social re-integration of children from conditions of armed conflict. The book concludes that governments need to assume social justice as part of universal human interests, providing security, conditions for well-being, and guaranteeing social justice for all children.

This book focuses on two issues: the creation of benefits and opportunities for the poverty-stricken people and the trade-off between FCS and poverty alleviation. At the theoretical level, it explains the essential characteristics of PAFCS, analyses the impact mechanism of FCS projects in poverty alleviation, clarifies the stakeholders and their interests and demands, and delineates the dynamic mechanism of FCS projects and poverty alleviation. Based on this theoretical framework, the current situation and challenges for PAFCS in southwest China's ethnic areas are examined in depth. Project performance was quantitatively measured both for projects themselves and for community farmers. The research emphasises that FCS projects in poverty-stricken areas are not the same as PAFCS, highlights the combination of poverty alleviation theory and ecological compensation theory, and considers PAFCS as an intersection of poverty research and ecological compensation research. Additionally, theresearch suggested that FCS projects are not general poverty alleviation projects, highlights the need for full respect to be granted to the subjective will and value judgement of farmers, including poverty-stricken farmers, takes the lead in focusing on the win¿win goal of combating climate change and reducing poverty, and makes a breakthrough in researching some key issues that need to be solved in the practice of PAFCS in the ethnic areas of Southwest China. This book is helpful for global scholars in the field of sustainable development, anti-poverty and forest carbon sequestration, government officials, and organisations in developing countries concerned with agricultural development, forestry economy, and sustainable development, as well as all the people around the world who want to find innovative solutions in the climate negotiations.

This volume offers a novel study of the Milan-Cortina's Winter Olympics 2026, with a focus on the mountainous region of Valtellina. It brings an up-to-date analysis of the complex interactions between mega-events and remote areas, both in terms of potentials for regeneration and risks for further segregation. Remote areas are traditionally characterized by socio-economic and spatial disparities. On the one hand, they benefit from attractive features, such as environmental and landscape resources, food and wine production, and energy production. On the other, they are by definition fragile environments, disrupted by the contradictions of international tourism, climate change, limited infrastructures and services, rural abandonment, and demographic decline.This book offers credible solutions for the sustainable development of mountainous regions as a legacy of Winter Olympics. It is an essential resource for scholars, professionals, and policy-makers in the fieldsof urban planning and design, architecture design, geography, sociology, and economics.