Internationale institutioner

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Europäischem Rat und Europarat? Wo liegen die Ursachen für die zahlreichen Krisen, die Europa gemeistert - oder noch vor sich - hat? In seiner 4., überarbeiteten und aktualisierten Auflage erklärt das Buch, wie unser neues Europa funktioniert, welche ungeahnten Freiheiten und Chancen es uns bietet - und warum es mitunter nicht funktioniert. Anschaulich analysiert der Autor das gesamte Spektrum aktueller Themen - von den Turbulenzen um den Euro, die Flüchtlingspolitik, den Brexit und Fridays for Future bis hin zum "Green Deal" und dem Angriffskrieg Russlands auf die Ukraine.Europa ist kein Elite-Projekt. Dieses bewährte, leicht lesbare Taschenlexikon lädt Einsteiger wie Europa-Kenner gleichermaßen ein, mitzumachen, zu kritisieren und zu diskutieren. Europa ist zugegeben unperfekt, aber es ist das Erstaunlichste, was wir auf unserem Kontinent in den letzten Jahrhunderten auf die Beine gestellt haben.

This volume offers systematic research on regionalism in Africa and explores the role and impact of external partners on the dynamics, institutional design, and performance of regional integration projects. It acknowledges and elaborates the multilevel and multidimensional nature of regionalism, with its variety of cooperative institutions and policy areas, while closely considering uneven relationships to external actors in African regional organizations. The book's two comprehensive mapping studies examine patterns of asymmetric inter-dependence between regionalism in Africa and external partners in Europe, with a focus on trade and donor funding, and highlight structural imbalances and (un)intended consequences. Five additional case studies provide in-depth analyses of a variety of African regional organizations, mainly with a focus on security regionalism, and elaborate how external partners influence and affect integration processes and projects. Although regionalism in Africa benefitted from external relations and partnerships with Europe, contributions in this volume question this positive impression, highlighting some of the major undermining factors and actors.

A powerful and urgent explanation and vindication of our human rights and freedomsAfter the devastation of World War Two, the international community came together to enshrine fundamental rights to refuge, health, education and living standards, for privacy, fair trials and free speech, and outlawing torture, slavery and discrimination. Their goal was greater global justice, equality, and peace. That settlement is now in danger, attacked by opponents from across the political spectrum and populist and authoritarian movements worldwide. We are threatened by wars, inequality, new technologies and climate catastrophe, and we need our human rights now more than ever. In this powerful, accessible book, Shami Chakrabarti, lawyer, parliamentarian and leading British human rights defender, shows us why human rights are essential for our future. Outlining the historic national and international struggles for human rights, from the fall of Babylon, to the present day, Chakrabarti is an indispensable guide to the law and logic underpinning human dignity and universal freedoms. Her intervention will engage both sceptics and supporters, equipping believers in the battle of ideas and persuading doubters to think again. For human rights to survive, they must be far better understood by everyone.

This book explores innovative and context-driven political and legal policy measures designed to expand the powers of the African Union (AU) in order to meaningfully drive the continental integration process. In this regard, the book addresses issues of context, political will, and innovative and inclusive approaches as essential elements that must be considered. Africa is currently experiencing one of the most critical phases of its integrative development. Since 2015, there have been increasing efforts to develop policies and practices that grant the AU broader powers to coordinate and create binding rules regarding the regional integration process. In other words, these processes seek to endow the AU with supranational powers like those exercised by the European Union, which, despite its internal problems, remains the most successful experiment in supranationalism in the world.This has included the decision to finance the AU through a 0.2% tax on eligible imports into member states; the decision to reduce the number of AU Commission portfolios from eight to six; the adoption and entry into force of the much touted Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area; the adoption of the Protocol to the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community Relating to Free Movement of Persons, Right to Residence and Right of Establishment; and the adoption of the AU Agenda 2063 policy framework in 2015. How these processes will change the direction of regional integration in Africa, the book argues, largely depends on the existence of quality-driven institutions.

This book describes the current innovative tendencies characteristic of multifaceted scientific research and practical developments in the field of international business development and sustainable management. This book shows how companies are forced to change development strategies and business models, which actualizes new priorities for scientific research in the field of international business and sustainable management. Therefore, completely new subject areas of research are being formed; management guidelines are being transformed; new business development tools are being developed; the very system of academic research is changing. This book "e;Innovative Trends in International Business and Sustainable Management"e; is devoted to the discussion of these and other issues related to all major areas of international business development and sustainable management. This book systematically describes multidimensional trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development of international business and sustainable management in the context of a global pandemic. In this sense, it is unique and relevant for both scientific researchers and modern business practitioners.This book uniquely highlights new priorities of scientific and practical research in the field of international business and sustainable management that require a systematic knowledge of the ongoing transformations of trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development. Aimed at scholars and practitioners, the book provides illustrations of international best practice for conducting business beyond borders. The main goals of the book are firstly to provide opinions on current innovative approaches and technologies for solving modern problems of international business, as well as on the formation of a multi-level system of sustainable management of the socioeconomic systems' development, secondly, to integrate research from academia, as well as practitioners in order to form priorities, approaches and models of company management in the context of globalization, strategies for the development of management systems in the context of the "e;new reality"e;, thirdly, to find the most relevant new areas of research, the results of which can be useful to companies for making management decisions, and concludes to analyze new tools for the development of international business, their capabilities, and areas of application

"A critical, interdisciplinary account of how refugees and their oral testimony are judged by refugee-receiving states. A comprehensive legal analysis of systems of refugee status determination in Australia and Canada and the role of narrative studies and narrative theory in understanding international refugee law and its application"--

Det europæiske asylsystem er brudt sammen. Både på det moralske og det praktiske plan. Det er hovedpointen i Ruud Koopmans nye bog, hvor han gennemanalyserer konsekvenserne af og manglerne ved EU's asylpolitik. I praksis er alle, der formår at komme ind i EU, sikre på at kunne forblive der – uanset om de har et reelt behov for beskyttelse eller ej. For selv hvis asylansøgningen afvises, sker det næsten aldrig, at de pågældende sendes tilbage. Modsat hjælper EU meget få af dem, der har et reelt behov for asyl, men som ikke er i stand til at rejse til EU's grænse. Det er udtryk for et moralsk sammenbrud, for selvfølgelig har vi en forpligtelse til at hjælpe mennesker i nød, fastslår bogens forfatter, der er en af Europas førende migrationsforskere. Men hvordan? I bogen analyserer Ruud Koopmans alle manglerne ved det europæiske asylsystem. Han beskriver de menneskelige omkostninger og viser, på baggrund af tilgængelige data, f.eks. at risikoen for at dø på ruterne over Middelhavet er lige så stor som risikoen for at dø i klodens mest blodige borgerkrige. Han forklarer, hvordan flygtningestrømmene ikke altid er tilfældige, men ofte kynisk styres og udnyttes af autokrater og diktatorer i et storpolitisk spil. Og han beskriver, hvordan mange af de flygtninge, der når frem til EU’s grænser, forinden har boet i sikkerhed i et andet land. Det gælder f.eks. faderen til den 3-årige dreng, der blev et symbol på flygtningekrisen, da et foto af hans lig, der var skyllet op på en strand, gik verden rundt. Endelig opstiller Koopmans en ’realistisk utopi’ for, hvordan systemet kan repareres, så vi hjælper mennesker i nød, men samtidig sender dem tilbage, der ikke har et reelt behov for beskyttelse. "Hvis man ønsker at læse en populært skrevet, men samtidig videnskabeligt baseret analyse af det dysfunktionelle europæiske asylsystem, er dette bogen.”Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ”Bogen er udgivet på det helt rigtige tidspunkt, og den kan læses med stort udbytte.” NZZ am Sonntag

This book examines the recent changes in strategic stability, caused by the collapse of the international security architecture. Against the background of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, international experts discuss topics and critical issues such as the revanchist strategy of Russia and the readiness of the United States (US) and Europe to give an adequate response; the influence of new technologies in the future of nuclear deterrence; and the crumbling of the arms control and nonproliferation system under the new challenges. The book explains how the combination of these factors lead to a crucial change of strategic stability and the international security landscape, the first such change since the end of the Cold War.Divided into three parts, the book presents timely analyses on (1) US, Russia: New Challenges and Strategic Stability in Europe; (2) Extended Deterrence and Arms Control in Europe; and (3) Regional Dimensions of Strategic Stability in Europe. It further offers perspectives from and case studies on different countries, such as Ukraine, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the USA, Turkey, Poland, and Romania.This book is a must-read for scholars for international relations, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the changing international security architecture, Russia's strategy, arms control, nonproliferation, and the future of nuclear deterrence.   

This book addresses how to mitigate regional tensions and enhance cooperative opportunities through well-designed regional institutions and organizations among countries in geographical proximity. We use the case of Central Asia (i.e., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) to employ our conceptual framework of ¿externally guided regionalism.¿ The following questions guide the study: How and by what forces has Central Asian regionalism evolved, and what are the main characteristics and political implications of the continuously evolving regional institutions? We discuss not only the extra-regional influential actors (i.e., Russia, the United States, the European Union, and China), but also intra-regional initiatives, strategies, and struggles in securing stability and sovereignty. Extra-regional actors¿ growing competition over molding their own kind of multilateralism involving this region has contributed to the current direction of Central Asiäs regionalization. Concurrently, Central Asiäs political conditions and constraints interactively contribute to ever-increasing institutional sprawl.

EPDF and EPUB available open access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-governmental organizations have increased at the United Nations (UN) since the 1990s. Yet few studies discuss the notion of inclusion and what it entails in intergovernmental negotiations. This book delves into the UN's relationship with CSOs, exploring who participates in negotiations and how their input is integrated into ratified documents. Drawing on ethnographic research, the author uncovers the complexities of accreditation, participation, and the interpretation of CSOs' contributions. Offering a sociological analysis, she highlights the increased exclusion of CSOs despite their apparent inclusion in institutions of global governance unbounded to public accountability. Leah R. Kimber examines the practices of exclusion CSOs are subjected to in UN negotiations by opening the machinery of intergovernmental negotiations in light of the UN's future and legitimacy.

China's vision for international order is a matter of great global interest. This book analyses China's vision for foreign policy and how it is seeking to achieve its goals with its immediate neighbours. The book provides a historically informed account by examining the legacy of China's imperial past and traditional political philosophy, giving insights into the country's view of its place in today's world. It argues that China today sees the maintenance of order as its own responsibility and that it believes this order needs to attribute different roles to 'small' and 'big' states to ensure stability. Furthermore, it explores the different tools China employs to achieve its vision, including a proactive diplomacy, the control of international discourse, threat of punishment for 'misbehaviour', and the promise of economic benefits in return for compliance.

"Exploring the digital frontiers of feminist international relations, this book investigates how gender can be mainstreamed into discourse about technology and security. With a focus on big data, communications technology, social media, cryptocurrency and decentralized finance, the book explores the ways in which technology presents sites for gender-based violence. Crucially, it examines potential avenues for resistance at these sites, especially regarding the actions of major tech companies, surveillance by repressive governments and attempts to use the Global South as a laboratory for new interventions."--

This book reviews the formative years of the United Nations (UN) under its first Secretary-General Trygve Lie.

"This book theorizes China's coercion decisions in response to perceived threats to its national security. It leverages empirical evidence, including primary documents and interviews with Chinese and foreign officials and offers policy implications for understanding China's grand strategy, managing China's rise, and avoiding great power conflicts"--

This textbook deals with the progressive global dissolution of political, economic, and social boundaries, which has significant implications for labor markets, the international division of labor, social security, and income distribution. Politically, it is eroding the sovereign ability of nation-states to shape their own affairs; socially, it conjures up the specter of an increasingly global culture of unity. Against the background of the empirical effects of globalization processes in a number of areas, the book discusses to what extent these fears are justified, whether they cannot also be explained by other developments, and whether the benefits of globalization justify the costs and risks resulting from it.

Trade unions have repeatedly been challenged by neoliberal programmes implemented within Member States of theEuropean Union (EU) and at the European level. The twentyseven country chapters at the core of this book chart the features of the neoliberal challenge in the EU Member States and the measures implemented by unions in their attempts to adapt to changed circumstances since 2000. It is clear that union activity, either independently or in conjunction with allies, will be at the centre of revitalization campaigns if the pieces left from the neoliberal challenges are to be picked up and wielded into a coherent response.This book offers a comprehensive comparative overview of the development, structure, and policies of national trade union movements in the EU. It presents an in-depth analysis of the challenges facing these organizations and their strategic and policy responses from 2000 to 2020.

This edited volume critically examines the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) as a guiding norm in international politics. After NATO¿s intervention in Libya, against the backdrop of civil wars in Syria and Yemen, and because of the cynical support for R2P by states such as Saudi Arabia, this norm is the subject of heavy criticism. It seems that the R2P is just political rhetoric, an instrument exploited by the powerful states. Hence, the R2P is being challenged. At the same time, however, institutional settings, normative discourses and contestation practices are making it more robust. New understandings of responsibility and the politics of protection are creating new normative spaces, patterns of legitimacy, and norm entrepreneurs, thereby reinforcing the R2P. This book¿s goals are to discuss the R2P¿s roots, institutional framework, and evolution; to reveal its shortcomings and pitfalls; and to explore how it is exploited by certain states. Further, it elaborates on the R2P¿s strength as a norm. Accordingly, the contributions presented here discuss various ways in which the R2P is being challenged or confirmed, or both at once. As the authors demonstrate, these developments concern not only diplomatic communication and political practices within international institutions, but also to normative discourses. Furthermore, the book includes chapters that reevaluate the R2P from a normative standpoint, e.g. by proposing cosmopolitan standards as a guide for states¿ external behavior. Other contributors reassess the historical evidence from U.N. negotiations on the R2P principle, and the productive or restrictive role of institutions. Discussing new issues relating to the R2P such as global and regional power shifts or foreign policy, as well as the phenomenon of authoritarian interventionism under the R2P umbrella, this book will appeal to all IR scholars and students interested in humanitarianism, norms, and power. By analyzing the status quo of the R2P, it enriches and broadens the debate on what the R2P currently is, and what it ought to be.

Dieser Band bietet systematische Forschung zum Regionalismus in Afrika und untersucht die Rolle und den Einfluss externer Partner auf die Dynamik, die institutionelle Gestaltung und die Leistung regionaler Integrationsprojekte. Dabei wird der mehrstufige und mehrdimensionale Charakter des Regionalismus mit seiner Vielfalt an kooperativen Institutionen und Politikbereichen anerkannt und herausgearbeitet, während die ungleichen Beziehungen zu externen Akteuren in afrikanischen Regionalorganisationen genau betrachtet werden. Die beiden umfassenden Mapping-Studien des Buches untersuchen Muster asymmetrischer Interdependenzen zwischen dem Regionalismus in Afrika und externen Partnern in Europa, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Handel und Geberfinanzierung liegt, und zeigen strukturelle Ungleichgewichte und (un)beabsichtigte Folgen auf. Fünf weitere Fallstudien bieten eingehende Analysen verschiedener afrikanischer Regionalorganisationen, vor allem mit Schwerpunkt auf dem Sicherheitsregionalismus, und zeigen auf, wie externe Partner Integrationsprozesse und -projekte beeinflussen und beeinträchtigen. Obwohl der Regionalismus in Afrika von den Außenbeziehungen und Partnerschaften mit Europa profitiert hat, stellen die Beiträge in diesem Band diesen positiven Eindruck in Frage, indem sie einige der wichtigsten Faktoren und Akteure hervorheben, die ihn untergraben.

This book analyzes China's transformative political power in today's world while simultaneously addressing global issues and the reformation of world institutions. China has become known as the world's first factory and trading power, but more knowledge on China's rise is necessary to understand the world of today and the future. The main question is where China's rise is headed and how this affects the increasingly connected world that faces problems that no state can effectively address on its own. This book analyzes both sides of the coin, that is, the problems of a world scale and the change of the world political order. China is among the major actors for global issues such as mitigating climate warming, controlling weapons of mass destruction, combating economic inequality and underdevelopment, and improving health for all. In the current setting of the new world order, all countries and especially world powers develop a general blueprint for the future, as cultural andmaterial conditions of the present world are very different from the past. Under such conditions, China faces a review of its bilateral and regional strategies, as well as its position and actions in world institutions that have the mission of forming policy responses to issues of a global scale.This book, therefore, provides insight into China's view of world problems and the future world order. It is a must-read for everybody interested in a better understanding of China's role in today's world and the global power shift.

This book analyzes the most influential international organizations, including the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the European Union, and the key role they play in global governance.

A compelling new history of the EU and the people who sought to shape and challenge it—from Maastricht to today

This book investigates the history and role of the United Nations Command (UNC), which is important not only for the Korean Peninsula but also for East Asian security. The UNC has played a crucial role in maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula divided by South and North Korea for the past 70 years. However, little is known about how the U.S. administration has perceived the role of the UNC and what policies it has implemented. It is known that the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations tried to dismantle the UNC in the 1970s, but eventually decided to reduce it rather than eliminate it. In this context, this study greatly helps us understand the true importance of the UNC by finding out the decisive reason why the U.S. did not remove it. According to the study, past official documents confirmed that the U.S. has recognized the UNC as the basis for maintaining the regime of the armistice on the Korean Peninsula. Historically, no studies have tracked U.S. policy on the UNC through primary data.Currently, the U.S. is implementing a policy to revitalize the UNC, which had been reduced, in order to stabilize the East Asian region. Some say that the U.S. is trying to establish a kind of regional security system centered on the UNC. In any case, the study is crucial to understanding the true role of the UNC, which has recently attracted immense attention. Therefore, this book would be intriguing for experts around the world who are interested in the security in the Korean Peninsula.

Titel: Europa in HaufenreimenUntertitel: Von Albanien bis ZypernReihentitel: Wissen in Versen

Desde el punto de vista académico, 1971 es un año de gran trascendencia. De forma paralela son publicadas A Theory of Justice y Bioethics, Bridge to the future. Ambos libros, aunque de temas muy diferentes, marcaron un antes y un después en cada uno de sus ámbitos. En el mundo de la filosofía, la publicación de John Rawls convirtió a la justicia distributiva en el foco de atención. Mientras que, en el mundo científico, el bioquímico Van Rensselaer Potter comienza a utilizar el término bioética, provocando así una revolución en la ciencia. Aunque en principio poco tienen que ver ambas publicaciones entre sí, con el paso de los años sus caminos empezaron a cruzarse. Hacia 1973, cuando Norman Daniels comienza a interesarse en los temas de bioética, lo que más llamó su atención fue la relativa ausencia de trabajos filosóficos en el ámbito del cuidado de la salud. "Los dramáticos casos del aborto, la eutanasia y el trasplante de órganos parecían acaparar la escena filosófica y pocas veces se encontraban comentarios sobre el derecho a la asistencia sanitaria, nadie analizaba qué tipo de bien social es el cuidado de la salud o se preocupaba por investigar qué principios deberían regular su distribución". Preguntas como, ¿cuánto de la suma total de los recursos debe la sociedad gastar en salud? ¿Cómo satisfacer de manera justa las necesidades médicas cuando los recursos son limitados? ¿Qué tanto influyen la responsabilidad y la suerte en una enfermedad? ¿Hasta qué punto el Estado debe hacerse responsable de la atención médica?