Militærstrategi og forsvarsstrategi

This seminal work by historian Alexander Bennett presents a broad overview of the Japanese "Way of the Warrior" as it is expressed in scores of classical Japanese texts written by famous Samurai themselves. Bennett's analysis of these writings shows that the essential meaning of Bushido, the Samurai's code of conduct and ethics, evolved significantly over time--from the 12th century when the warrior class was elevated to become an elite group, to the 19th century when the Samurai class was suddenly disbanded. Bushido Explained takes a visual approach to presenting important concepts and terminology, helping readers easily navigate the complex world of the Samurai. The text is written in a highly accessible style, with sidebars presenting interesting concepts, facts and important Samurai figures who were central to Bushido's evolution. The different types of Bushido--which vary by region, time period and Samurai rank--are presented with over 300 informative diagrams and illustrations. No other book offers such a wide-ranging, yet clear analysis of Bushido--debunking myths and misconceptions about who the Samurai truly were. Bushido Explained presents a precise overview of Samurai ideals and culture in a logical, chronological order. Author Alexander Bennett--a professor of Japanese history, martial arts and Budo theory at Kansai university in Japan--uses this information and teaching methods in his Japanese Studies: Introduction to Bushido class. Now, readers all over the world can sit in on the unique lesson.

Ninja Fighting Techniques explains how to defend yourself against real-world threats using techniques perfected centuries ago by the great Ninja masters. Author Stephen K. Hayes is the world's leading expert on Ninjutsu techniques. In this book, he presents the Ninja "Five Elements" system to explain fundamental aspects of self-defense. According to Japanese Buddhist belief, human nature is connected to the natural world and the five elements

From Afghanistan to Angola, Indonesia to Iran, and Colombia to Congo, violent reactions erupt, states collapse, and militaries relentlessly pursue operations doomed to fail. And yet, no useful theory exists to explain this common tragedy. All over the world, people and states clash violently outside their established political systems, as unfulfilled demands of control and productivity bend the modern state to a breaking point. This book lays out how dysfunctional governments disrupt social orders, make territory insecure, and interfere with political-economic institutions. These give rise to a form of organized violence against the state known as irregular war. Research reveals why this frequent phenomenon is so poorly understood among conventional forces in those conflicts and the states who send their children to die in them.

Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, Adolf Hitler's chief of military intelligence, accomplished something that neither President Franklin D. Roosevelt nor Prime Minister Winston Churchill could ever achieve - he saved the lives of hundreds Jewish refugees and other racial and political undesirables by rescuing them from Nazi Germany and other Nazi-occupied countries. Admiral Canaris is a page-turning story of one of the most important and least likely saboteurs within the Third Reich.

This volume came about as correspondence between Army officers discussing the need for a simple, easy-to-understand primer on the basic ideas and practical uses of strategy. What was originally conceived as a self-published handbook by a few writers expanded to a full book as continued conversations brought more and more subject matter experts into the project. The result is a book written by a diverse cast representing multiple nations, with military officers from multiple services and academics of various disciplines.On Strategy is tailored for mid-career professionals working at the strategic level for the first time, including civilians entering the national security profession and military officers transitioning into strategy from jobs at the tactical level. The structure of the book is designed to walk readers step-by-step through the various aspects of strategy. Part I: The Basics (chapters 1 through 8) addresses the basics of strategy, from its component parts and history to its role in decision-making. Part II: The Strategist (chapters 9 through 11) provides detail on what is required as a strategist, including the practical aspects of the job and characteristics that contribute to success. Finally, Part III: Advanced Concepts (chapters 12 through 19) begins elevating the reader's understanding of more advanced concepts in strategy, from its application in different contexts to the future of strategy. Additional readings are provided at the end of each chapter for further study.

The Second World War changed the course of modern history. It is filled with incredible stories of daring risks and exceptional struggles, but in the popular imagination, these stories are more often than not the stories of men. There is, however, a hidden treasure trove of untold stories of heroic women who have risked their lives in the monumental battle against fascism. We've heard of women who became nurses treating soldiers with battlefield injuries, partisans who fought occupying armies, and skilled laborers who worked in wartime industries. But in the shadows, as part of a secret war against the Nazis, women served as intelligence agents who risked their lives to collect and relay information vital to the war effort. Danger lurked at every turn-a danger that some were not able to evade forever. These courageous women spies worked in secret, but their stories, which are finally coming to light today, offer a significant and unique perspective on the history of World War II. Inside Princess, Countess, Socialite, Spy: True Stories of High-Society Ladies Turned WWII Spies you'll learn ¿ the thrilling stories of Virginia Hall, Christine Granville, Noor Inayat Khan, Nancy Wake and Aline Griffith, who went behind enemy lines to aid the war effort, and what motivated them to take such risks, ¿ what it takes to run a successful espionage operation as a woman during a time when women had little respect in the professional realm,¿ the risks of operating undercover and secretly collecting information from the enemy, and ¿ how these women heroes of WWII helped shape the course and outcome of the most significant war in modern history.You'll gain insights into why some high-society ladies chose to give up a life of comfort to fight against global tyranny and live under constant threat of exposure and imprisonment or death. If you're looking for a unique and enlightening view of the Second World War and are interested in women's historically overshadowed roles in international espionage, then look no further than Princess, Countess, Socialite, Spy.

Fighting the Fleet recognizes that fleets conduct four distinct but interlocking tasks at the operational level of war-striking, screening, scouting, and basing-and that successful operational art is achieved when they are brought to bear in a cohesive, competitive scheme. In explaining these elements and how they are conjoined for advantage, a central theme emerges: despite the utility and importance of jointness among the armed forces, the effective employment of naval power requires a specialized language and understanding of naval concepts that is often diluted or completely lost when too much jointness is introduced. Woven into the fabric of the book are the fundamental principles of three of the most important naval theorists of the twentieth century: Rear Admiral Bradley Fiske, Rear Admiral J.C. Wylie, and Captain Wayne Hughes. While Cares and Cowden advocate the reinvigoration of combat theory and the appropriate use of operations research, they avoid over-theorizing and have produced a practical guide that empowers fleet planners to wield naval power appropriately and effectively in meeting today's operational and tactical challenges.

The 12th volume of the Archive opens with a study by Yefim Melamed (Kyiv) on the history of Stalinist secret services' surveillance of Jewish writers in the late 1930s and early 1950s, which resulted in repression and the physical destruction of many of them. In the appendix to his article, a unique material is published - reports of a secret agent who reported on the activities of the fellow-writers: Grigory Khan (Moscow) makes another contribution to the study of the ""endless"" topic: the Jews and the Russian revolution. His research is dedicated to Aaron Zundelevich (1852-1923), a prominent figure in the narodnik movement, a member of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya organization (lit. People's Will). Roberta de Giorgi (Udine, Italy) devoted her extensive research to the history of translations and publication of Leo Tolstoy's Three Tales, which, at the request of Sholom Aleichem, gave him for publication in a collection in favor of the Jews who suffered from the pogrom in Chișinău. The story turned out to be extremely intricate and fascinating, and it adds additional touches to the biography of Leo Tolstoy, Sholom Aleichem, as well as to the history of literary life and publishing in the early twentieth century. Maria Gulakova (St. Petersburg) publishes a letter from the ethnographer and public figure Moses Krol (1862-1942) to Chaim Zhitlowsky. Information contained in a letter from Krol (then an émigré in Paris) dated March 26, 1936, sheds light on a little-known attempt to organize the resettlement of European Jews in the 1930s in Ecuador. The published materials are based on documents extracted from various archives in Moscow, Kyiv, New York, Jerusalem and Leeds.

"Anna Brinkman uses in-depth analysis of cases brought before the Court of Prize appeal during the Seven Years' War to show how neutrality and the negotiation of rights became critical to maritime warfare and how Britain worked to shape maritime international law to its strategic advantage"--

Sieges dominated the English Civil Wars: one study suggests that for every major battle there were perhaps as many as eight sieges, and probably more than 200 towns, castles, and country homes in England were besieged. However, sieges and fortifications have long been the poor relation in the histories of the period. While up and down the country, numerous siege-sites and fortresses are being studied by historians and archaeologists, so much of this is being done in relative isolation, and unlike the study of battles, seldom has there been an opportunity to bring this research together, to present and compare findings.To provide a forum for experts and the curious alike to share results and to learn from one another was a key driver behind the first ever conference dedicated to the study of fortress warfare during the English Civil Wars. Newark-upon-Trent was besieged three times during the English Civil Wars, and is home to perhaps the best surviving fortifications in the country. It was appropriate, therefore, that the town should host the English Civil War Fortress Symposium in November 2022.The co-hosts of the symposium, the Battlefields Trust, and the Fortress Study Group have both run their own conferences in the past, but this symposium was the first time that these two internationally renowned organizations have come together to stage a joint event. The success of the symposium was a recognition of the standing of both societies, as well as the efforts of the organizers. But most importantly, it was a demonstration of the interest in this important topic.The symposium brought together a variety of projects and studies covering the archaeology of sieges, fortifications and the public, and the challenges, approaches and results connected to the rediscovery and preservation of fortifications.The papers in this book of proceedings include: Peter Gaunt - Keynote speakerRichard Leese - Moreton CorbetDavid Flintham - King's Lynn under siegeKevin Winter - The sieges and fortifications of Newark-Upon-TrentNick Arnold - Uncovering a small fort in DevonDavid Radf - Defences and siegeworks of Oxford

The U.S. Army uses a variety of resources and tools to achieve its recruiting mission each year. In this report, the authors present results from an updated version of RAND Corporation's Recruiting Resource Model (RRM), a multipart statistical model that explores how trade-offs between key recruiting resources (bonuses, advertising, and recruiters) affect the Army's ability to achieve recruiting goals and the cost of doing so. They use the RRM to analyze the mix and level of resources required to meet the recruiting mission under alternative recruiting environments and recruit eligibility policies. The RRM was updated to include more recent data to analyze the relationship between resource inputs and recruiting outcomes while incorporating the use of digital advertising, which has become an increasingly important recruiting resource in recent years. Consistent with previous iterations of the model, the results indicate that television advertising and, to a lesser extent, recruiters have positive associations with contract production and that these inputs are relatively more cost-effective than bonuses. This research can help inform how the Army might move resources in a variety of recruiting environments. Making marginal changes along these lines in a purposeful manner over time--either broadly or at a more local level (as might be done in an experimental setting)--would be an appropriate first step in implementing the recommendations that arose from this research.

"From the bestselling author of The Indispensables, the unknown and dramatic story of irregular guerrilla warfare that altered the course of the Civil War and inspired the origins of America's modern special operations forces. The Civil War is most remembered for the grand battles that have come to define it: Gettysburg, Antietam, Shiloh, among others. However, as bestselling author Patrick K. O'Donnell reveals in The Unvanquished, a vital shadow war raged amid and away from the major battlefields that was in many ways equally consequential to the conflict's outcome. At the heart of this groundbreaking narrative is the epic story of Lincoln's special forces, the Jessie Scouts, told in its entirety for the first time. In a contest fought between irregular units, the Scouts hunted John Singleton Mosby's Confederate Rangers from the middle of 1863 up to war's end at Appomattox. With both sides employing pioneering tradecraft, they engaged in dozens of raids and spy missions, often perilously wearing the other's uniform, risking penalty of death if captured. Clashing violently on horseback, the unconventional units attacked critical supply lines, often capturing or killing high-value targets. North and South deployed special operations that could have changed the war's direction in 1864, and crucially during the Appomattox Campaign, Jessie Scouts led the Union army to a final victory. They later engaged in a history-altering proxy war against France in Mexico, earning seven Medals of Honor; many Scouts mysteriously disappeared during that conflict, taking their stories to their graves. An expert on special operations, O'Donnell transports readers into the action, immersing them in vivid battle scenes from previously unpublished firsthand accounts. He introduces indelible characters such as Scout Archibald Rowand; Scout leader Richard Blazer; Mosby, the master of guerrilla warfare; and enslaved spy Thomas Laws. O'Donnell also brings to light the Confederate Secret Service's covert efforts to deliver the 1864 election to Peace Democrats through ballot fraud, election interference, and attempts to destabilize a population fatigued by a seemingly forever war. Most audaciously, the Secret Service and Mosby's Rangers planned to kidnap Abraham Lincoln in order to maintain the South's independence. The first full chronicle of the shadow war between North and South, rich in action and offering original perspective on history, The Unvanquished is a dynamic and essential addition to the literature of the Civil War"--

The Russian war of aggression against Ukraine represents a Zeitenwende - a turning point - in German foreign and security policy, which requires a complete redefinition of Germany's role within the future European security order. Through contributions by renowned experts, this anthology provides information on the causes, developments and foreseeable consequences of the Russian war of aggression. This open access book will appeal to scholars, decision-makers, students, and anyone interested in international politics, conflict studies, and military-strategic dimensions of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Embark on a riveting journey through the crucibles of conflict with "The Guns of War: Tales from the Frontlines". This meticulously researched and vividly narrated book delves into the myriad facets of warfare that shaped the 20th century, weaving together tales of valor, innovation, resilience, and humanity amidst chaos.From the birth of modern warfare to the indelible impact of technological advancements, each chapter illuminates a different aspect or theatre of war. Traverse the muddy and harrowing trenches, experience the silent and unseen pursuits of snipers, and soar through the skies where dogfights and bomber raids etched tales of glory and devastation.Discover the unwavering spirit of the soldiers at Stalingrad, the courageous fighters of the Eastern Front, the heroes of Normandy's blood-soaked beaches, and the audacious paratroopers descending from the heavens. Delve into the clandestine world of spies and intelligence, the clandestine efforts of the Resistance, and the poignant tales from the home front."The Guns of War" pays homage to the unsung heroes, the medics, nurses, and caretakers, who fought a different kind of battle, one of mercy and healing. It explores the depths of human endurance in the frozen landscapes of Finland, the jungles of Vietnam, the deserts of Africa, and the islands of the Pacific.With a keen eye for detail and a profound understanding of the complexities of warfare, the book examines the ethical quandaries faced by those in command and the indomitable spirit of brotherhood that blossomed in the darkest of times. It uncovers the stories of women breaking barriers, the evolution of guerrilla warfare, and the advent of chemical warfare and drones."The Guns of War: Tales from the Frontlines" is not just a chronicle of battles won or lost, but a testament to the human spirit. It's a reflection on the impact of war on soldiers and civilians alike, a study of the strategic intricacies of battle, and an exploration of the lessons learned. Journey through a century marked by conflict, from the final days of World War II at Yalta and Hiroshima to the silent warriors of the seas, and emerge with a deeper understanding of the sacrifices made and the resilience of the human soul.Whether you are a seasoned historian, a military enthusiast, or a reader seeking to understand the complexities and the human cost of war, this book offers a compelling and panoramic view of a century defined by both the horrors of battle and the enduring human spirit.

The authors developed an Army Enlistment Options Optimizer approach that creates bundles of bonus and non-bonus enlistment incentives, often paired with smaller, supplemental bonuses. If implemented, potential recruits would choose the bundle they most value from those available according to job type, term length, recruit characteristics, and recruiting environment. This gives recruits greater agency in choosing their enlistment options, potentially increasing satisfaction and enlistments. At the same time, the recruit cohorts would have the characteristics desired by the Army and the Army would benefit from cost savings resulting from reduced bonus expenditures. Through two surveys of young adults ages 18-27, the authors found that non-bonus incentives were as attractive as bonuses of $10,000-$15,000. Options that included non-bonus incentives and supplemental bonuses were chosen more often than larger stand-alone bonus options. Respondents choosing those options rated their likelihood of joining the Army in the next few years to be as high as or higher than respondents choosing stand-alone bonuses. The results also indicate that the student loan repayment option is very popular among today's young adults. It could be used to help penetrate the college market and could save recruiting resources when used in a controlled fashion as an element of the option menus. The results suggest that providing information in the recruiting marketing process on the many jobs that the Army offers and the pay and benefits of serving could increase consideration of joining the Army.

A richly absorbing book... Overy is unquestionably one of our finest living historians - The Daily TelegraphWhy has warfare always been part of the human story?From biology to belief, what explains the persistence of violent conflict?What light can this shed on humanity's past - and its future?There can be few more important but also more contentious issues than attempting to understand the human propensity for conflict. Our history is inextricably tangled in wave after wave of inter-human fighting from as far back as we have records.Repeatedly humans have foresworn war, have understood its appalling risks and have wished to create more pacific, productive societies. And yet almost inevitably circumstances emerge under which war once more seems inevitable or even desirableHow can we make sense of what Einstein called 'the dark places of human will and feeling'? Richard Overy draws on a lifetime's study of conflict to write this challenging account of how we can understand the causes of war. Looking at every facet of war from biology to belief, psychology to security, Overy allows readers to understand the many contradictory or self-reinforcing ways in which warfare can suddenly appear a legitimate option, and why it is likely to be part of our future as well as our past.

The authors examine the evolution of individual augmentation--from a stopgap to standard practice--and the effects on the Navy Reserve in terms of readiness and deployment times, specifically relating to anti-terror operations and the 2019 pandemic.

Gettysburg has been one of the U.S. Army's favorite staff ride locations for decades. It was the site of perhaps the pivotal battle of the U.S. Civil War, and General George Pickett's famous but disastrous charge marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy. The authors of this report combine a staff ride with a consideration of alternative history: They examine what happened in the crucial 1863 Battle of Gettysburg and consider what could have happened if a few key technologies that were available for military use had been used in this battle.

"Even before Russia's February 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia had many ongoing and potential disputes with other countries, motivated by a variety of territorial, political, and economic issues. Furthermore, as Moscow has sought to expand its international role, it has increased Russian involvement in civil conflicts, using both overt and covert means. Russian activity in Syria and Libya has raised the prospect that the United States might find itself militarily entangled with Russia in various global hotspots. Therefore, the authors of this report sought to identify possible Russian flashpoints with countries in and near the U.S. Army Europe area of responsibility that could entangle the United States and present distinct military challenges to the U.S. Army. Using quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze historical data on Russian disputes and conflicts, the authors identified the key drivers of such flashpoints. They then leveraged these findings to derive planning implications for the United States and the U.S. Army in particular. The authors also examined two additional potential drivers of conflict not captured in historical data--Russia's use of private military contractors and its operations in the information environment--to see whether either might lead to a flashpoint in the future."--

Sun Tzu said, "Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat." Your characters deserve your best strategic thinking. Are you ready to learn the secrets known by Sun Tzu, Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Mao, Clauswitz, and other famed strategists? War: A source of enduring fascination to readers and the crucible that reveals character. Quality strategic thinking transforms stories from average to unforgettable and brings new depth to characters and their dilemmas. Backed by years of research into military strategy as well as examples from novels, movies, and short stories, Military Strategy for Writers offers a detailed look at how to incorporate strategic thinking into plots, characters, and structure. Each chapter zeroes in on an aspect of strategy, how it works (or doesn't) in reality and fiction, and how to apply it to your own narratives. Designed as a resource for writers, gamers, and editors this book will:Build your strategic vocabulary ensuring your military genius characters sound like they know what they are talking about.Empower you to use classic strategic thought in your storiesDive down into the strategies of sea power to bring richness to stories set at seaSoar with strategies of air power and learn why experts argue if air power should be regarded as strategic or tacticalDiscuss out how military and civilian strategists use game theory to formulate nuclear strategy in the absence of historical examplesDemonstrate how your characters can fight and win an insurgencyShow how states fight insurgents and how that gives you a secret tool to use in your storiesReveal how the types of terrorism show the character of both terrorists and the states that fight itTake you to the stars to learn about war in the far future and strategy in space, as well as how to apply strategic thinking to fantasy campaignsIncluded at the end is a list of questions to ask as you write, as well as a guide to doing quick military research that will fill you with knowledge and get you back to the keyboard fast. If you're in the mood for more information, Stein offers ten indispensable books on strategy to further your knowledge. Clear, engaging, and written with a dry wit, Stein vividly describes major types of military strategy, their advantages, and disadvantages in various situations. Military Strategy for Writers gives you everything you need to ensure that your characters only make mistakes in their strategy when it will serve the plot and your goals as an author. Quality strategic thinking transforms stories from average to unforgettable and brings new depth to characters and their dilemmas. Be warned! Once you know these secrets, you will see lost opportunities everywhere.

Using the principles of necessity, effectiveness, and proportionality, the authors develop a framework for evaluating influence operations with an initial screening, conducting a full ethical risk assessment, and preparing a justification statement.

The 2022 National Defense Strategy calls for "integrated deterrence" in how the United States postures its cyberspace forces to address the strategic challenges posed by revisionist powers--in this case China. An integrated deterrence strategy entails combining cyber operations with other warfighting domains to reduce a competitor's perceptions of the net benefits of aggression relative to restraints. Such a strategy also represents a departure from the current U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM) focus on technical operations in the cyber domain. The authors begin with an examination of various theories of international relations to highlight a variety of views on U.S.-China competition. They then apply the concept of selective overmatch to reevaluate current U.S. cyber operations in light of competition and possible conflict with China. Because the United States cannot maintain superiority in all aspects of cyber operations equally, it must selectively create advantage over China by targeting influence points--elements of the adversary's political, economic, or societal strength--that will most likely achieve U.S. objectives. By identifying the key influence points for China and the United States and the actions that might be taken against them, the authors explore selective overmatch as a framework for categorizing and assessing vulnerabilities in the Chinese and U.S. cyber domains, as well as for expanding the capabilities of cyber operations, integrating deterrence, and sustaining U.S. primacy. Selective overmatch, properly understood and applied, can provide a roadmap for CYBERCOM's future operations.

The United States makes significant investments in military activities that are intended to deter Russian and Iranian aggression. These investments have only grown in Europe since 2014, when Russia invaded and subsequently annexed Crimea, and remain substantial in the Middle East despite the overall trend of the United States reducing its forward posture in that theater. The increased importance of deterrence as a military mission raises the question of how the United States can most effectively and efficiently deter Russia and Iran without crowding out investments in its other key military missions--including competing with China in the Indo-Pacific. To support defense planners in crafting effective and efficient deterrence strategies, RAND researchers conducted a multimethod analysis--consisting of a literature review, roundtables with subject-matter experts, quantitative analysis, and a case study of Ukraine--to examine conventional deterrence in two theaters: U.S. European Command (EUCOM) and U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). Specifically, the researchers assessed the deterrent impacts of three categories of U.S. operations, activities, and investments (OAIs): U.S. forward presence; exercises and short-term deployments, such as bomber task force (BTF) missions; and security cooperation. In this report, the researchers describe their findings and offer recommendations for defense planners. This research was completed before the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. It has not been subsequently revised.

This report examines whether the assumption that jointness is inherently valuable to the U.S. military is correct, and if so, in what ways. Understanding how and why jointness is most valuable can help the U.S. military compete more effectively.