Retssystemer

The teachers of early Christianity were one of its most intriguing groups and appear to have been the equivalent of the Jewish rabbis or pagan philosophers. By examining all the earliest sources mentioning the 'didaskaloi', Alessandro Falcetta sheds light on the first hundred years of their history, tackling questions such as why their fate was so different from that of the rabbis, and whether they were tradents of the Jesus material and therefore guarantors of the Gospels' historic reliability. By relating teachers to apostles, prophets and bishops, the author enriches our knowledge of the structure of early Christian communities and how they developed into hierarchical churches.

The legal framework is an essential instrument in modern rule-of-law societies for defining standards of societal life. Of course, ways of governance by law may vary between legal systems and cultures, but in the analysis of legal governance instruments, the interplay between substantive standards and their procedural enforcement is always of central importance. In the pursuit of certain political or social goals, a legal system is basically faced with two options: the exertion of influence on the behaviour of its citizens either by means of preventive or of reactive instruments. The relationship of these two regulatory tools is a key element for the analysis and understanding of a legal system. With contributions by:Alexander Bruns, Maximilian Haedicke, Shiho Kato, Sebastian Krebber, Julia Caroline Scherpe, Masabumi Suzuki, Stefan Thönissen, Alisher Umirdinov, Jan von Hein, Miyuki Watanabe, Roman Würtenberger, Dai Yokomizo, Tomohiro Yoshimasa

The search for the fundamental principles which frame society and hold it together has once again taken on a new urgency in these times of crisis. For this reason, the specialist labour and social law panel of Germany's Society for Comparative Law (Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung) brought to its 35th conference in 2015 a group of scholars from different parts of the world in order to investigate the significance of religion for today's labour and social security laws.The resulting volume starts with a general overview of the impact of religion, economics, and politics on welfare states. The case studies that follow set out the models found in different countries: the corporatist welfare state in Germany that grants various religious groups special roles; France's laicist system; Sweden, where the state did not say farewell to the national church until the start of the millennium; and the USA, where churches are not deployed to achieve state objectives, but where religious freedom is protected. Turkey and Israel are also included to illustrate two countries whose jurisdictions reflect non-Christian religious orientations. Each report deals with fundamental principles on the one hand, and specific problems pertaining to labour and social law that involve a religious element on the other. With contributions by:Jörg Althammer, Rachel Barag-Hirshberg, Gwenola Bargain, Tankut Centel, Reinhold Fahlbeck, Thomas Kohler, Achim Seifert

In vielen Staaten bezieht die öffentliche Hand zur Erfüllung von Aufgaben der Daseinsvorsorge auch private Unternehmen ein. Azar Aliyev untersucht den Konzessionsvertrag als ein Instrument solcher öffentlich-privater Partnerschaften im russischen und kasachischen Recht. Konzession ist in beiden Staaten gesetzlich als Vertrag über Errichtung, Modernisierung, Betrieb und Rückübereignung von öffentlichen Infrastrukturobjekten durch Private definiert. Ebenso wie in Deutschland spielen dabei Privatrecht und öffentliches Recht zusammen; allerdings liegt der Schwerpunkt der Diskussion in den untersuchten Staaten anders als in Deutschland nicht im Verwaltungs-, sondern im Privatrecht.Die Arbeit diskutiert die Konzession auch als Mittel, im Kontext eher labiler juristischer Infrastruktur "Inseln der Stabilität" für langfristige und komplexe Großprojekte zu schaffen. Dabei werden viele Grundsatzfragen des Zivilrechts sowie des Wirtschaftsprivat- und Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts aufgegriffen und analysiert.

Die in diesem Band vereinigten Beiträge untersuchen die Bedeutung der religiösen Reformbewegungen ab dem 16. Jahrhundert für die moderne Rechtsentwicklung an einem spezifischen Gegenstand: am Rechtsstatus der in allen Konfessionen aktuellen Berufung auf das Gewissen. So führt der Band sonst oft separat betriebene Forschungen über die Traditionsbildung in und nach den Lehren lutherischer, calvinischer und römisch-katholischer Theologen und Juristen des 16., 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhunderts exemplarisch vergleichend zusammen. Insbesondere gehen die Untersuchungen der Frage nach, inwiefern die konfessionell geprägten Rechtslehren miteinander in Wechselwirkung standen. Sie umfassen Themen zu Rechtskonzepten des Gewissens sowie zu ihrer Umsetzung in den Lehren vom Öffentlichen Recht und vom Kirchenrecht aus theologie-, rechts- und philosophiegeschichtlichen Perspektiven.The essays joined in this volume investigate the role of the religious reform movements since the 16th century in the transformation of the Western legal tradition, focussing on a particular topic: how Jurisprudence had to deal with the reference to conscience, virulent for all confessional positions. Research on the teachings of Lutheran, Calvinist, and Roman Catholic theologians and jurists from the 16th up to the early 18th century, most often examined separately, is brought together in a comparative perspective. The essays comprise studies on legal concepts of conscience and on their implementation in the teachings in Public Law and in Canon or Ecclesiastical Law from the perspectives of theology, law, and philosophy.

In this study, Jonathan S. Milgram demonstrates that the transformation of inheritance law from the biblical to the tannaitic period is best explained against the backdrop of the legal and social contexts in which the tannaitic laws were formulated. Employing text and source critical methods, he argues that, in the absence of the hermeneutic underpinnings for tannaitic innovations, the laws were not the result of the rabbinic imagination and its penchant for inventive interpretation of Scripture. Turning to the rich repositories in biblical, ancient near eastern, Second Temple, Greek, Elephantine, Judean desert, and Roman sources, the author searches for conceptual parallels and antecedents as well as formulae and terminology adopted and adapted by the tannaim. Since the tannaitic traditions reflect the social and economic contexts of the tannaitic period - the nuclear family on privatized landholdings in urban centers - the author also considers the degree to which tannaitic inheritance laws may have emerged out of these contexts.

En samlet fremstilling af skatte- og afgiftsreglerne knyttet til ejerskab og overdragelse af fast ejendomBogen giver en koncentreret redegørelse for indholdet og fortolkningen af de skatte- og afgiftsretlige regler, der gælder for ejere af fast ejendom beliggende her i landet og navnlig for så vidt angår erhvervsejendomme – mens de til tider meget detaljerede regler gældende for ejerboliger kun er omtalt sporadisk.Bogen er opdelt i to hovedafsnit. Den første del (kapitlerne 2-5) omhandler den direkte beskatning (beskatning af indtægter, fradrag afskrivninger og avancebeskatning). Den anden del (kapitlerne 6-8) er helliget den indirekte beskatning (kommunal ejendomsskat, moms og tinglysningsafgift).De formueretlige regler forbundet med at eje og overdrage fast ejendom er behandlet i bogen Ejendomme 1, der udkom i 2018. Vi har med denne ”efterfølger” holdt i samme form tilstræbt, at de to bøger tilsammen vil give personer, der arbejder med ejerskab til og transaktioner vedrørende fast ejendom et godt værktøj til at løse dagligdagens mangfoldige juridiske problemstillinger.MålgruppeBogen henvender sig til advokater, ejendomsmæglere, ejendomsadministratorer, revisorer og andre der beskæftiger sig med overdragelse af og ejerskab til fast ejendomOm redaktørerne og forfatterneRedaktørerne er Hans Henrik Edlund og Rasmus Mehl, der har samarbejdet med følgende meget kyndige praktikere og personer med forskningsmæssig baggrund med henblik på at opnå den rette vægtning mellem løsning af praktiske problemstillinger og kvalifikationen heraf i deres overordnede retlige kontekst: Professor Jane Bolander, professor Inge Langhave, advokat, ph.d. Thomas Booker, professor Dennis Ramsdahl Jensen, professor Henrik Stensgaard og advokat Knud-Erik Kofoed.

En grundig og struktureret gennemgang af markedsrettenMarkedsretten er den del af retssystemet, der regulerer den kommercielle afsætning af varer eller tjenesteydelser. Bogen består af en IP-retlig del og en konkurrenceretlig del. Bogen indeholder en grundig og struktureret gennemgang af IP-retten og konkurrenceretten inden for den valgte afgrænsning. Bogen indeholder en lang række skemaer, flowcharts mv.MålgruppeBogen er målrettet studerende og skrevet til faget »Markedsret« på Aalborg Universitet. Bogen kan også anvendes på andre universiteter og af praktikere, der ønsker en grundig og struktureret gennemgang af de behandlede regler.Om forfatterneTorsten Bjørn Larsen er lektor LLM PhD på Juridisk Institut, Aalborg Universitet, hvor han forsker i IP-ret, IP-strategier og juridisk kunstig intelligens. Torsten har en baggrund som advokat. Kristian Helge Andersen er senioradvokat hos Gorrissen Federspiel samt tidligere international associate hos Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP i New York og specialkonsulent hos Konkurrence- og Forbrugerstyrelsen.

Preben Wilhjelm bygger i Kampen for retsstaten videre på sit kerneområde - den jura, som er grundlaget for, at et demokratisk samfund kan fungere. Bogen udkommer i anledning af 100-året for Retsreformen af 1919. I bogen argumenterer Wilhjlem for, at vi er ved at sætte de fundamentale dyder, som vores samfund bygger på over styr, i en moderne verden hvor vi har glemt hvad retssikkerhed betyder. Kampen for retsstaten er et personligt og brændende forsvar for vores retskulturelle arv.Preben Wilhjelm er dansk fysiker og lic.jur. og venstrefløjspolitiker, medstifter af partierne SF og VS. Som forfatter er han vedblevet med at bevare sin aktualitet med udgivelser som Krisen og den udeblevne systemkritik (2012) og Man kan sagtens være bagklog (2015). Tidligere udkom også Vor retskulturelle arv og hvordan vi forvalter den (1991).Udgivelsen er en storskriftudgave i et bind til svagsynede i serien MAGNUMBØGER Lindhardt og Ringhof.

Accompanies the Birks and McLeod translation of "Justinian's Institutes". This book takes up all the principal subjects in the "Institutes" and gives a description of the law on each subject. Included is guidance on ancient and modern sources and the technical legal language used.

Introduction to the history of Roman law and its institutions.Throughout its history, Europe has been influenced by Roman culture, a culture with a strong sense of society and highly legal-minded. Hence, Roman law is of major importance in European thinking. It was the first subject to be taught at university and it remains tightly interwoven with all layers of European civilisation. This book provides an introduction to the history of Roman law and its institutions, as they developed from Antiquity until the nineteenth century. Concepts such as fundamental rights and freedoms, lawsuits, family law, rights in rem, and obligations have their origins in classical Antiquity and were developed further throughout European history. The historical processing of our Roman legal heritage is treated from the perspective of comparative legal history. The book is written for undergraduate law students, but is also relevant for scholars from other disciplines.