Komparativ ret

This book explores how Islam can impact the structures and performance of firms, financial institutions and capital markets across a range of countries and industries.The Islamic finance industry represents an important reality not only because of the oil wealth of the Gulf states, which have fueled demand for such financial services, but also for an increased demand from a growing Muslim population in the West that aspires to express a full and all-inclusive religious identity. The increased demand for Muslim financial institutions has prompted Western non-Islamic firms to begin providing these services in an interesting effort of acculturation to the new plural scenario.By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, which also takes into account the theological, legal and geopolitical framework, the book offers a comprehensive picture of Islamic financial tools, contracts and business opportunities. Drawing on different fields of expertise, it deals with various themes, such as the theological roots of Islamic economics and finance and its geopolitical impact; the EU policy of cooperation with MENA and GCC countries; the instruments of Islamic finance, its legal principle and ability to become an instrument for enhancing business opportunities; the functioning of Islamic banks; the development of capital markets within a financial model influenced by religious constraints and, finally, the new relationships of this religious financial system with Western legal systems. The book thus provides a complete and extensive overview of the practice of Islamic finance through the lenses offered by studies of economics and management.Providing a careful analysis and an integrated framework of geo-economic and political issues, the book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and professionals in International Business, Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Law and Religion and Intercultural Studies.

This book's essays seek to cleanse comparative law of some of the epistemic detritus it has been collecting and that has been cluttering its theory and practice to the point where this flotsam has effectively stultified 'good' comparison.

Comparative lawyers from Belarus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and the United States explore the contributions of Eastern and Central European comparatists mostly unknown outside the region in 25 essays addressing individuals, processes and institutions from the sixteenth century to recent times. Most names will be unfamiliar to comparative lawyers not from the region; some overlap in their geographical affiliation, and the boundaries of the region itself are controversial. Several contributors give attention to Slavic law and its place within historical comparative studies. New light is cast on the development of comparative legal studies during the Soviet era and some of the principal personalities involved.xiv, 562 pp.

How do ordinary people access justice? This book offers a novel socio-legal approach to access to justice, alternative dispute resolution, vulnerability and energy poverty. It poses an access to justice challenge and rethinks it through a lens that accommodates all affected people, especially those who are currently falling through the system. It raises broader questions about alternative dispute resolution, the need for reform to include more collective approaches, a stronger recognition of the needs of vulnerable people, and a stronger emphasis on delivering social justice. The authors use energy poverty as a site of vulnerability and examine the barriers to justice facing this excluded group. The book assembles the findings of an interdisciplinary research project studying access to justice and its barriers in the UK, Italy, France, Bulgaria and Spain (Catalonia). In-depth interviews with regulators, ombuds, energy companies, third-sector organisations and vulnerable people provide a rich dataset through which to understand the phenomenon. The book provides theoretical and empirical insights which shed new light on these issues and sets out new directions of inquiry for research, policy and practice. It will be of interest to researchers, students and policymakers working on access to justice, consumer vulnerability, energy poverty, and the complex intersection between these fields.The book includes contributions by Cosmo Graham (UK), Sarah Supino and Benedetta Voltaggio (Italy), Marine Cornelis (France), Anais Varo and Enric Bartlett (Catalonia) and Teodora Peneva (Bulgaria).

In 2006, the United Nations urged Member States to ensure that counter terrorism policies guaranteed respect for human rights and the rule of law. This book demonstrates that, in many cases, counter terrorism policies relating to preventive detention, targeted killing and measures relating to returning foreign terrorist fighters have failed to respect human rights, and this encourages vulnerable people to be drawn towards supporting or committing acts of terrorism. Furthermore, in recent years, jurisprudence and public opinion in some countries have shifted from being at one stage more protective of human rights, to an acquiescence that some particularly draconian counter terrorism methods are necessary and acceptable. This book analyzes why this has happened, with a focus on the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel, and offers suggestions to address this issue. The work will be essential reading for students, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of human rights, humanitarian law, and counter terrorism.

Indispensable for students of diplomacy and junior members of diplomatic services, this dictionary not only covers diplomacy's jargon but also includes entries on legal terms, political events, international organizations, e-Diplomacy, and major figures who have occupied the diplomatic scene or have written about it over the last half millennium.

In an increasing number of countries around the globe, representing all regime types, in all regions, with all levels of economic and military strength, civil society's autonomy from the state, its defining feature, is diminishing. While a variety of tools are used to restrict civil society organizations' (CSOs) independence from the state, an increasingly popular and dangerously effective vehicle for accomplishing this goal is the law. Through the passage of legislation that imposes new restrictions on the ability of CSOs to operate free from excessive government scrutiny and control, governmental actors are gaining greater control over the non-governmental sector and in ways that benefit from the veneer of legality.Perplexingly, such laws are not only appearing in countries where they might be expected - Azerbaijan, Burundi, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Russia, Zimbabwe, and countries throughout the Middle East. Indeed, they are increasingly appearing in democratic states too, including strong, fully consolidated democratic states with historically strong and independent civil society sectors: Canada, India, New Zealand, Spain, Israel, Hungary, Poland, and the US, to name just a few.Restrictive CSO laws, which are unsurprising in authoritarian-leaning states, are uniquely puzzling in the context of democratic ones, which have been the primary defenders, funders, and champions of a robust and independent civil society. This book explores this concerning and intriguing phenomenon by documenting its full scope and spread within the world's strongest democratic states and attempting to explain its occurrence. Using a combination of mixed methods - theory, process tracing, interviews, and statistical analysis - this timely analysis helps to shed light on a global phenomenon that seems to be fueling the democratic backsliding visible in an increasing number of democracies throughout the world. This exploration, which bridges comparative and international law, international relations, democratic theory, and state-civil society relations, attempts to make sense of this global contagion, the closing space phenomenon, which threatens to undermine one of cornerstones of any democracy - a free and independent civil society - in the years and decades ahead.

This timely book provides the first systematic analysis of global public procurement regulation and policy during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Through both thematic chapters and national case studies, this book:- explores the adequacy of traditional legal frameworks for emergency procurement;- examines how governments and international organisations have responded specifically to the pandemic; and - considers how the experience of the pandemic and the political impetus for reform might be leveraged to improve public procurement more broadly.Public procurement has been critical in delivering vital frontline public services both in the health sector and elsewhere, with procurement of ventilators, protective equipment and new hospitals all hitting the headlines. At the same time, procurers have faced the challenge of adjusting existing contracts to a new reality where, for example, some contracted services can no longer operate. Further, efficient and effective procurement will be an essential, and not a luxury, in the economic recovery.With case studies on Italy, the UK, the USA, India, Singapore, Africa, Latin America and China, the book brings together the world's leading academics and practitioners from across Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa to examine these issues, providing an essential resource for policy makers, legislators, international organisations and academics.

When faced with injustice what can a concerned citizen do? In 1933, when Hitler tried to blame Communists for setting the German parliament on fire, a group of European and American lawyers responded by staging a countertrial, which proved them innocent and eventually led to their release. A new unofficial way of advancing human rights was thus launched. This groundbreaking study narrates the history of such 'citizens tribunals' from this first astonishing success to the mixed record of subsequent efforts-including tribunals on the Moscow show trials, the American war in Vietnam, Japanese sexual slavery, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and the excesses of 'global capitalism'.

Till Markus untersucht die Bedeutung der Rechtsvergleichung für das Völkerrecht, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung, Bestimmung und Anwendung seiner drei primären Rechtsquellen. Aufbauend auf einer Rekonstruktion der Entscheidungspraxis verschiedener internationaler Gerichte sowie ausgewählter Arbeiten der Völkerrechtskommission entwickelt er den Grundriss einer Methodik der Rechtsvergleichung im Völkerrecht. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der Annahme, dass methodisch angeleitete Rechtsvergleiche einen Beitrag zur Effektuierung und Ordnung des Völkerrechts leisten, indem sie das Maß an Rationalität, dogmatischer Klarheit und Legitimität völkerrechtlicher Vertragsgestaltung und gerichtlicher Entscheidungsfindung steigern.

Gerhard Robbers gehört zu den profiliertesten Religionsverfassungsrechtlern Europas. Gleichzeitig prägt sein breites fachliches Interesse seine Arbeit. Anlässlich seines 70. Geburtstages und zu Ehren seines Wirkens als Lehrer, Forscher und Praktiker vereint die Festschrift Beiträge zu Staat und Religion, Grundfragen staatlicher Ordnung, Verfassungs- und Europarecht, Grund- und Menschenrechten sowie Rechtspolitik. Die insgesamt 61 deutsch- und englischsprachigen Beiträge widmen sich sowohl grundlegenden als auch hochaktuellen Themen. Mit ihrem Schwerpunkt auf Rechtsfragen zu Staat und Religion aus deutscher, rechtsvergleichender und europäischer Perspektive stellt die Festschrift eines der umfassendsten Werke zu diesem breiten Themengebiet dar.Mit Beiträgen vonArnd Arnold, Sima Avramovic, Johannes Barrot, Frauke Bronsema, Peter Bülow, Engin Ciftci, Sabine Dahm, Kerstin von der Decken, Franz Dorn, Horst Ehmann, Achilles C. Emilianides, Arndt Faatz, Silvio Ferrari, Lars Friedner, Angelika Günzel, Christian Heitsch, Reinhard Hendler, Ansgar Hense, Mark Hill, Ekkehard Hofmann, Alexander Hollerbach, Friedhelm Hufen, Iván C. Ibán, Christina Ioannou, Blaz Ivanc, Siegfried Jutzi, Urs Kindhäuser, Merilin Kiviorg, Matti Kotiranta, Volker Krey, Javier Martínez-Torrón, María Concepción Medina González, Francis Messner, Andreas Mühling, Hans-Friedrich Müller, Eckhard Nagel, Lina Papadopoulou, Christian Pernhorst, Richard Potz, Alexander Proelß, Matthias Pulte, Thomas Raab, Michael Rahe, Thierry Rambaud, Miguel Rodríguez Blanco, Martell Rotermundt, Matthias Ruffert, Thomas Rüfner, Michal Rynkowski, Balázs Schanda, Meinhard Schröder, Harald Schroeter-Wittke, Gábor Spuller, Henning Tappe, Emanuel Tavala, Rik Torfs, Antje von Ungern-Sternberg, Heinrich de Wall, Karin von Welck, Joachim Wieland, Michael Wiener, Wolfgang Wieshaider und Arne Ziekow.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit aktuellen Fragen des Zugangs zu nationalen und internationalen Gerichten im Verwaltungsrecht aus einem rechtsvergleichenden Blickwinkel. Der diesem Buch zugrundeliegende Ansatz ist das Zusammenführen der deutschen, französischen und unionsrechtlichen oder völkerrechtlichen Sicht auf ausgewählte Themenbereiche, in denen der Gerichtszugang gewissen Besonderheiten unterliegt. Dabei handelt es sich um den Zugang zum Gericht von Umweltschutzvereinigungen, in Asylrechtsstreitigkeiten, im Vergaberecht, von Beschäftigten und Vertragspartnern internationaler Organisationen und von Betroffenen außerhalb internationaler Organisationen.Wissenschaftler und Praktiker arbeiten die wechselseitigen Einwirkungen heraus, und behandeln Top-Down-Prozesse, Bottom-Up-Prozesse und horizontale Prozesse in deutsch- und französischsprachigen Kapiteln. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, ob und wie es zu einer Annäherung des deutschen, französischen, europäischen und internationalen Rechts kommen kann.

In a very personal letter, written by Padmasambhava in the eighth century, the great guru speaks candidly of his own experience eradicating evil by means of the practice of Vajrakila, and he gives much cogent advice on the appropriate view, meditation and action in which all those who would follow in his footsteps should engage. Of great value to practitioners of guhyamantra in the present day, this book contains a collection of twenty-five complete texts, including original treasures from the 14th century revelations of Rig-'dzin rgod-ldem in Tibet and insightful commentaries by those skilled in the subtle yogic techniques taught within them. Deep and dark and dangerous, these profound treasures strike at the very core of our being and explain the methods by which one's innermost beliefs, hopes and fears may be realigned in order to release an awesome hurricane of destructive power that will sweep away all falsehood. Not for the faint-hearted, these texts are spoken of in whispers and rarely revealed. The eye of the storm, however, is serenely peaceful and pervaded by a sense of joyful liberation, confident understanding and loving compassion. May these teachings be encountered by worthy recipients!

Jan Jakob Bornheim analyses the hypothesis about the inherent efficiency of common law compared to civil law. He examines key commercial property law concepts (i.e., ownership and security interests in relation to movables) and determines the characteristics of each system with regard to these. Using the Canadian experience as a model, he then takes a close look at how the two legal systems interact, arguing that efficient interaction can take place on both vertical and horizontal planes. On the vertical plane, property law would be able to interact with higher-level law (e.g., federal law in a federal state); on the horizontal plane, property laws of different jurisdictions could interact through the conflict of laws. The author also contends that equitable property rights, including constructive trusts as a response to unjust enrichment, should be governed by property law choice-of-law rules.

Das deutsche Umwelt- und Infrastrukturrecht ist in ein Mehrebenensystem eingebunden und daher auch weitreichenden Einflüssen des Unionsrechts ausgesetzt. Die Integrations- und Interventionskraft der Europäischen Union beschränkt sich aber nicht nur auf legislative Rechtsakte. Auch der EuGH vermag durch seine Judikate spürbar auf die nationale Rechtsordnung einzuwirken. Diesen Einflüssen geht der vorliegende Tagungsband nach. Er dokumentiert dabei die wissenschaftlichen Fachvorträge, die im Rahmen des vom Institut für Umweltrecht der Universität Augsburg veranstalteten 5. Deutschen Umwelt- und Infrastrukturrechtstags gehalten wurden. Die Erschließung des Themas erfolgt im Kern durch eine Arbeit an Referenzthemen, wie insbesondere dem Wasserrecht, dem Energierecht, dem Naturschutz- und dem Immissionsschutzrecht. Eingerahmt werden diese Rechtsgebiete durch allgemeine Ausarbeitungen zum Rechtsschutz und zu den Grundlagen der Rechtsauslegung und Rechtsfortbildung durch den EuGH. Das Zusammenspiel von europäischem und nationalem Recht wird dabei durch rechtsvergleichende Überlegungen abgerundet.

Contributions from members of the German Association for Comparative Law will be among the papers presented at this summer's twentieth International Congress of Comparative Law, to be held for the first time in Asia at Fukuoka, Japan, in July. In a strong range of topics, one focus during the six-day congress will be on questions of multiculturalism and language that concern both comparative law methodology and other legal fields such as family law. Further dealt with will be matters particularly relevant to consumer protection, ranging from choice of court agreements to price control in contracts, duty of information, the regulation of crowd-funding, as well as leisure and travel contracts. Another focus will be on digitalisation's far-reaching economic, societal and legal implications, with questions of data protection in the realm of comparative law accentuated by contributions on the right to be forgotten or current national legal orders. Overall, the volume will reflect the present state of discussions within German jurisprudence. With contributions by:Christina Breunig, Moritz Brinkmann, Johanna Croon-Gestefeld, Anatol Dutta, Katharina Erler, Matthias Fervers, Stefan Grundmann, Beate Gsell, Dirk Hanschel, Wolfgang Hau, Leonhard Hübner, Luca Kaller, Jürgen Kühling, Sebastian Mock, Joachim Münch, David Rüther, Anne Sanders, Bianca Scraback, Stefanie Schmahl, Martin Schmidt-Kessel, Boris Schinkels, Andreas Spickhoff, Klaus Tonner; Jan Thiessen, Tobias H. Tröger, Lars Viellechner, Marc-Philippe Weller, Matthias Weller, Bettina Weisser

The legal framework is an essential instrument in modern rule-of-law societies for defining standards of societal life. Of course, ways of governance by law may vary between legal systems and cultures, but in the analysis of legal governance instruments, the interplay between substantive standards and their procedural enforcement is always of central importance. In the pursuit of certain political or social goals, a legal system is basically faced with two options: the exertion of influence on the behaviour of its citizens either by means of preventive or of reactive instruments. The relationship of these two regulatory tools is a key element for the analysis and understanding of a legal system. With contributions by:Alexander Bruns, Maximilian Haedicke, Shiho Kato, Sebastian Krebber, Julia Caroline Scherpe, Masabumi Suzuki, Stefan Thönissen, Alisher Umirdinov, Jan von Hein, Miyuki Watanabe, Roman Würtenberger, Dai Yokomizo, Tomohiro Yoshimasa