Komparativ ret

Björn P. Ebert analyses forum shopping in international investment law. He focuses on investment treaty and investment contract arbitration, and concludes that forum shopping is legal and legitimate as long as it is not subject to particular limitations derived from applicable law. He assumes that forum shopping is generally a legitimate procedural technique that both parties to the dispute may employ in order to maximise the protection offered to international investment by international law. To validate the underlying thesis, the author analyses and differentiates between different manifestations of forum shopping. The main manifestations are categorised in three categories: forum planning, forum enhancement, and facilitation of procedure. Each category contains different forum shopping techniques. Björn P. Ebert examines and defines limitations for each category, as well as the manifestations of forum shopping that are assigned to them. He thereby addresses several issues of international investment arbitration that are essential to the perceived problem of forum shopping.

Freedom of testation allows an individual to make effective on his death dispositions of his property on the event of his death. Dependants' relief legislation in British Columbia and compulsory portion in Germany limit this freedom by providing testator's family members with a portion of the estate. However, out of the two, only the legislation gives courts the discretion to change testamentary provisions, by making them, in some cases, entirely ineffective.A comparative analysis of the application, legal character, history and purpose of the limitations leads to the conclusion that the freedom of testation is significantly more limited under British Columbia's legislation than it is under the German law. The author proposes a solution that increases the freedom, adds predictability and reduces subjectivity of the application of the dependants' relief legislation in British Columbia.

This volume is based on presentations delivered at a symposium held in May 2015 at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg. It seeks to reinvigorate the scholarly exchange which can be traced back to the late 19th century between company law academics in Germany, China, Japan and South Korea. Contributions from all four jurisdictions include papers on directors' liability and capital maintenance as well as studies of the role of shareholders in public companies and the regulation of groups of companies. With contributions by:Andreas Cahn, Ruoying Chen, Moon-Hee Choi, Kyung-Hoon Chun, Holger Fleischer, Gen Goto, Hans Christoph Grigoleit, Hideki Kanda, Hiroyuki Kansaku, Kon Sik Kim, Katja Langenbucher, Junhai Liu, Jianbo Lu, Kenichi Osugi, Hyeok-Joon Rho, Gerald Spindler, Eiji Takahashi

By their very nature, Special Economic Zones encompass various elements studied in the academic disciplines of economics, political science and law. While their objectives are determined by economics, and their structures, implications and limits by law, their implementation requires a certain combination and cooperation of political forces, something which has been the subject of political science enquiries. A conference held at Kyushu University in Fukuoka convened scholars from all these disciplines to put Special Economic Zones into perspective. The papers presented highlighted functions and structures, historical aspects, the political dimension and foreign equivalents of deregulation, the interplay of such zones, and constitutional considerations. Freedom of contract and competition law, plus the effects that these economy-boosting tools may have on labour and innovation are also dealt with. With contributions by:Jürgen Basedow, Tom Ginsburg, Carsten Herresthal, Kazuaki Kagami, Toshiyuki Kono, Caslav Pejovi¿c, Hideaki Shiroyama, Shinto Teramoto, Wolfgang Wurmnest, Ren Yatsunami

As lawyers we are normally interested in various substantive areas of law; and as comparative lawyers we are interested in finding out about the differences and similarities between national legal systems. But from time to time we should also reflect on how we think and operate, and look at basic questions of legal methodology - both for the sake of understanding better what we do as lawyers immersed in our own legal systems and as lawyers attempting to assess and comprehend how foreign legal systems work. The nine essays in this volume are devoted to the topics of law-making today (with a focus on Japan, Turkey and Russia), judicial decision-making today (with a focus on England and Wales, Switzerland and Argentina), and legal scholarship today (with a focus on the United States, France and South Africa); and they thus revolve around the three protagonists of legal development: legislators, judges and professors. With contributions by:Aditi Bagchi, Basak Baysal, Jean-Sébastien Borghetti, Thomas Coendet, Matthew Dyson, Yuko Nishitani, Agustín Parise, Helen Scott, Andrey M. Shirvindt

In vielen Staaten bezieht die öffentliche Hand zur Erfüllung von Aufgaben der Daseinsvorsorge auch private Unternehmen ein. Azar Aliyev untersucht den Konzessionsvertrag als ein Instrument solcher öffentlich-privater Partnerschaften im russischen und kasachischen Recht. Konzession ist in beiden Staaten gesetzlich als Vertrag über Errichtung, Modernisierung, Betrieb und Rückübereignung von öffentlichen Infrastrukturobjekten durch Private definiert. Ebenso wie in Deutschland spielen dabei Privatrecht und öffentliches Recht zusammen; allerdings liegt der Schwerpunkt der Diskussion in den untersuchten Staaten anders als in Deutschland nicht im Verwaltungs-, sondern im Privatrecht.Die Arbeit diskutiert die Konzession auch als Mittel, im Kontext eher labiler juristischer Infrastruktur "Inseln der Stabilität" für langfristige und komplexe Großprojekte zu schaffen. Dabei werden viele Grundsatzfragen des Zivilrechts sowie des Wirtschaftsprivat- und Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts aufgegriffen und analysiert.

After the Vietnamese War, civil relations with foreign elements have increased and, consequently, private international law has gained some importance in Vietnam. However, both the relevant legal provisions and the practice of the courts in Vietnam are insufficient. Trinh Nguyen studies Vietnamese private international law in light of European developments. She focuses in particular on the general issues, contracts and torts. She describes and assesses the currently effective provisions of Vietnamese law and the corresponding judicial practice of the courts. Together with the knowledge of European private international law, with the main emphasis on the Rome I and Rome II Regulation, she makes use of comparative law to propose future developments for Vietnam based on the critical evaluation of the western doctrine.

The volume traces back to a symposium held at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg and offers a broad comparative analysis of company and capital markets law in Germany and the Nordic states. It details the special elements of company law in Scandinavia that developed amid the twin forces of innovative experimentation and the drive for harmonization, contrasting them with the distinctive features of German company law. Further contributions deal with the newly created entrepreneur company in Germany and Denmark, as well as the role of shareholders and boards in public companies. It also contains detailed analyses of the law of company groups in Germany and the Nordic states. the volume is further rounded out with contributions on capital markets law and takeover law, including issues involving acting in concert, ownership disclosure and the interaction between the legislator and the takeover panel in Sweden. With contributions by:Paul Krüger Andersen, Jan Andersson, Holger Fleischer, Jesper Lau Hansen, Søren Friis Hansen, Christian Kersting, Mårten Knuts, Troels Michael Lilja, Göran Nyström, Erik Sjöman, Evelyne JB Sørensen, Tobias Tröger, Dirk Verse, Frauke Wedemann

The International Congress of Comparative Law , organised by the International Academy of Comparative Law , took place in Vienna from 20th to 26th July 2014. A number of different legal topics were discussed, such as: comparative law and unification of laws, legal education, private international law, environmental law, intellectual property, labour law, public international law, tax law and constitutional law. The reports written by the national commentators are based on the questionnaire set out by the general reporting secretary, who is an expert on their subjects. Most of the German reports are published in this book. Contributors: Andreas von Arnauld, Lydia Auerswald, Ino Augsberg, Christoph Busch, Hans-Georg Dederer, Sabrina Dotterweich, Pierre Hauck, Tobias Helms, Sebastian Graf von Kielmansegg, Gregor Kirchhof, Dominik König, Stefan Korioth, Dirk Looschelders, Dorothea Ludwig, Mark Makowsky, Lothar Michael, Michael Mirschberger, Alexander Peukert, Thomas Pfeiffer, Hanns Prütting, Hermann Pünder, Oliver Remien, Anne Röthel, Adam Sagan, Anne Sanders, Alexander Schall, Stefanie Schmahl, Dennis Solomon, Ulrich Stelkens, Michael Stürner, Dirk A. Verse, Matthias Weller, Jochen Werner

Ten years after the first study published in this field by the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law, liability for medical malpractice is still a hot topic throughout Europe and it continues to expand and develop. In order to provide an update on the current situation across European legal systems, this book includes fourteen country reports authored by renowned experts from each legal system. In addition to providing a theoretical survey of key issues, each contributor also analyzed six hypotheticals based on actual cases, thereby also providing practical guidance on major aspects ofliability claims. A concluding comparative analysis highlights commonalities and differences in the liability rules employed, dispute resolution procedures and the insurance background.