Jura og samfund: retssociologi

This edited book explores prison masculinities, drawing from a wide range of international researchers to highlight how masculinities may divert from the "hypermasculine" or macho typology typically found in the prison masculinities literature.The book includes a diverse selection of writing on masculinities "in" and "of" prison; masculinities experienced by those living within, working, and experiencing prison as well as historical and critical accounts of masculinities from around the world. The contributors highlight how masculinities are experienced in a multitude of ways as is evidenced in both qualitative and quantitative research with men before, during, and after imprisonment; with correctional officers and staff; in the analysis of public records, in the critical examination of Sykes' seminal work; and in historical and contemporary Australian society. Evidenced in writing drawn from Australia, the Dominican Republic, Ukraine, Hong Kong, the United States, Scotland, and the Netherlands, the contributors acknowledge that rather than being fixed, discourses around prison masculinities now include sexuality, gender identity, and diverse understandings around masculinities as strategic, hegemonic, and ever changing.Prison Masculinities is important reading for students and scholars across disciplines, including criminology, sociology, gender studies, law, international relations, history, health, psychology, and education.Chapter 4 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com . It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This edited book explores prison masculinities, drawing from a wide range of international researchers to highlight how masculinities may divert from the "hypermasculine" or macho typology typically found in the prison masculinities literature.The book includes a diverse selection of writing on masculinities "in" and "of" prison; masculinities experienced by those living within, working, and experiencing prison as well as historical and critical accounts of masculinities from around the world. The contributors highlight how masculinities are experienced in a multitude of ways as is evidenced in both qualitative and quantitative research with men before, during, and after imprisonment; with correctional officers and staff; in the analysis of public records, in the critical examination of Sykes' seminal work; and in historical and contemporary Australian society. Evidenced in writing drawn from Australia, the Dominican Republic, Ukraine, Hong Kong, the United States, Scotland, and the Netherlands, the contributors acknowledge that rather than being fixed, discourses around prison masculinities now include sexuality, gender identity, and diverse understandings around masculinities as strategic, hegemonic, and ever changing.Prison Masculinities is important reading for students and scholars across disciplines, including criminology, sociology, gender studies, law, international relations, history, health, psychology, and education.Chapter 4 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com . It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The Handbook on Inequalities in Sentencing and Corrections among Marginalized Populations offers state-of-the-art volumes on seminal and topical issues that span the fields of sentencing and corrections.

This volume examines how gender relations were regulated in ancient Near Eastern and biblical law. The textual corpus examined includes the various pertinent law collections, royal decrees and instructions from Mesopotamia and Hatti, and the three biblical legal collections.Peled explores issues beginning with the wide societal perspective of gender equality and inequality, continues to the institutional perspective of economy, palace and temple, the family, and lastly, sex crimes. All the texts mentioned or referred to in the book are given in an appendix, both in the original languages and in English translation, allowing scholars to access the primary sources for themselves.Law and Gender in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible offers an invaluable resource for anyone working on Near Eastern society and culture, and gender in the ancient world more broadly.

This text considers the social, legal and technological features of unauthorised dissemination of intimate images. With a focus on private law theory, the book defines the appropriate scope of liability of platforms and viewers. Through its analysis, it develops a new theory of egalitarian digital privacy. Should digital platforms be responsible for intimate images posted without the subject's consent? Could the viewers of such images be liable simply for viewing them? This book answers these questions in the affirmative, while considering the social, legal and technological features of unauthorized dissemination of intimate images, or `revenge porn'. In doing so, it asks fundamental socio-legal questions about responsibility, causation and apportionment, as well as conceptualizing private information as property. With a focus on private law theory, the book defines the appropriate scope of liability of platforms and viewers while critiquing both EU and US solutions to the problem. Through its analysis, the book develops a new theory of egalitarian digital privacy.

When a death is investigated by a coroner, what is the place of the family in that process? This accessibly written book draws together empirical, theoretical and historical perspectives to develop a rich, nuanced analysis of the contemporary inquest system in England and Wales. It investigates theories of kinship drawn from socio-legal research and analyses law, accountability and the legal process. Excerpts of conversations with coroners and officers offer real insights into how the role of family can be understood and who family is perceived to be, and how their participation fundamentally shapes the investigation into a death.

This book provides an overview of disability exceptions to copyright infringement and the international and human rights legal framework for disability rights and exceptions. The focus is on those exceptions as they apply to visual art, while the book presents a comprehensive study of copyright's disability exceptions per se and the international and human rights law framework in which they are situated.3D printing now allows people with a visual impairment to experience 3D reproductions of paintings, drawings and photographs through touch. At the same time, the uncertain application of existing disability exceptions to these reproductions may generate concerns about legal risk, hampering sensory art projects and reducing inclusivity and equity in cultural engagement by people with a visual impairment. The work adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with contributions from diverse stakeholders, including persons with disabilities, cultural institutions and the 3D printing industry. The book sketches the scene relating to sensory art projects. Experts in intellectual property, human rights, disability and art law then critically analyse the current legal landscape relating to disability access to works of visual art at both international and regional levels, as well as across a broad representative sample of national jurisdictions, and identify where legal reform is required.This comparative analysis of the laws aims to better inform stakeholders of the applicable legal landscape, the legal risks and opportunities associated with sensory art and the opportunities for reform and best practice guidelines, with the overarching goal of facilitating international harmonisation of the law and enhanced inclusivity.

This book examines the social and legal regulation of domestic violence (DV) within the Kesarwani business community following the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005. It analyses the existence of the formal law in Kolkata and the relevance of the law in the familial lives of the Kesarwani community.The book offers a new conceptualisation of examining the relationship between formal law and social life. It provides a deep insight into how living with violence becomes a way of living and how the disposition to familial violence exists with social advantage and privilege. Explaining the functioning of the formal DV framework in non-legal terms as it exists on the paper, the book shows the ways in which this one law sought to democratise the family unit and overhaul the legal process in favour of DV victims in India. Most of all it hopes to show through the Kolkata study that caste and class, social structures that regulate and define social life globally, must remain critical to discussions of the social and legal regulation of DV in Kolkata, India or anywhere in the world. The book uses ethnography as a research methodology and traverses different locations in the Kesarwani community, and outside the community in Kolkata, to examine the relevance of the formal law in the lives of Kesarwani women. While the study is in India (and in a non-western context), the theme of the study - the social and legal regulation - remains relevant to contemporary debates on the efficacy of formal law in addressing coercive control in the western world. Notably, the book makes the formal domestic violence law legible for non-legal professionals by explaining the formal legal framework of domestic violence envisaged in the PWDVA.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of law, criminal justice, sociology, anthropology, women's studies, and political science. It will also appeal to social service providers and practitioners working in the area of domestic violence, legal regulation, social control of women, gender, caste, class and family business.

The volume offers an overview of the theories and practices of Italian legal feminism, presenting both the main themes addressed and the main protagonists of Italian feminist legal theory.The book is divided into two parts. The first is dedicated to deepening crucial issues that directly concern women's knowledge and lives from a feminist perspective, such as the interconnection between law, rights and justice; diversity, difference and equality; sex, sexuality and reproduction; citizenship and borders; deviance, criminal matters and security; and victims, victimology, and vulnerability. Each set of thematic issues is analysed by a current Italian feminist legal scholar, who engages with multiple feminist voices in order to emphasise the need for an interdisciplinary approach to law from a feminist perspective. The second part of the book is devoted to outlining the paths of study, research and practice of specific and renowned Italian legal scholars who have provided the foundation for legal feminism in Italy: Letizia Gianformaggio, Tamar Pitch, Silvia Niccolai, and Lia Cigarini. The book thereby offers, for the first time, a comprehensive account of the traditions and trajectories of Italian legal feminism, thus opening up a dialogue with other feminist approaches to law and justice.The book will appeal to scholars in legal theory, critical and sociolegal studies, sociology, gender studies, and critical criminology.

This book examines how the EU can be a more proactive actor in the promotion of the principles of sustainability and fairness from a legal environmental perspective. The book is one of the results of the research activity of the Jean Monnet Chair in EU Environmental Law (2017-2020) funded by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ programme.The European Union and Global Environmental Protection: Transforming Influence into Action begins with an introduction of the key EU competences, instruments and mechanisms, as well as the current international challenges at the EU level. It then explores case study examples from four regulated fields: climate change, biodiversity, multilateral trade, unregulated fishing, and access to justice; and four unregulated areas: mainstreaming of the Sustainable Development Goals in EU policies, and environmental justice, highlighting the extent to which the EU might align with international environmental regimes or extend its normative power.This volume will be of great relevance to students, scholars, and EU policy makers with an interest in international environmental law and policy.

This book examines the divergent medical, political and legal constructions of intersex. The authors use empirical data to explore how intersex people are embodied through these frameworks which in turn influence their lived experiences. Through their analysis, the authors reveal the factors that motivate and influence the way in which policy makers and legislators approach the area of intersex rights. They reflect on the limitations of law as the primary vehicle in challenging healthcare's. --

Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Law - Philosophy, History and Sociology of Law, grade: A, ( Atlantic International University ) (School of Business and Economics), course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: This essay takes a closer look on the relationship between law and society.Law and society emerge from the belief that legal regulations and decisions must be understood in its context. Both law and society have a common understanding. They are never autonomous in their context. In other words, law is deeply embedded within a society. It therefore implies that law is socially and historically constructed in order to become legally recognized procedures and institutions and besides that, law needs a society for its effectiveness and usefulness.This essay is meant to focus on the history of law and society, on the relationship of law and society, and on the different branches of law in the society together with its associates which leads to highlight the key characteristics of law and society perpectives with reference to other research contributions of the same field that hold promise for scholars of law and politics.

From the Alcatraz East Crime Museum and Jack the Ripper guided tours to the Phnom Penh killing fields, 'dark tourism' is now a multi-million-pound global industry. Even in the most pleasant tourist destinations, underlying harms are constantly perpetuated, affecting both consumers and those who work or live around such tourist hotspots. Highlighting 50 travel destinations across six continents, expert criminologists, psychologists and historians explore the past and contemporary issues which we often disregard during our everyday leisure. This captivating book is the 'go-to' guide for anyone interested in crime and deviance-related tourism. Accessible and digestible, it exposes a worrying trend in contemporary consumer culture, in which many of us partake.

Queer premises provide vital social and cultural infrastructure - a queer infrastructure - connecting different generations and locations, facilitating the movement of resources, across and beyond the city.Queer Premises offers evidence for how London's diverse LGBTQ+ populations have embedded themselves into urban space, systems and resources. It sets out to understand how, across their different material dimensions, bars, cafés, nightclubs, pubs, community centres, and hybrids of these typologies, have been imagined, created and sustained. From the 1980s to the present, Campkin asks how, where, and why these venues have been established, how they operate and the purposes they serve, what challenges they face and why they close down.

Der Open Access-Band arbeitet das Themenfeld Polizei und Rassismus umfassendauf. In 33 Beiträgen werden behandelt:. Grundlagen zum Phänomen Rassismus,. relevante Befunde zur Polizei als Organisation und zu ihrer Praxis,. Entstehungszusammenhänge und Folgen von Rassismus in der Polizei,. Methoden der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung und. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Umgangs mit dem Problem.Angestoßen durch die Geschehnisse und Diskussionen in den USA beschäftigt Rassismus als mit der Polizei assoziiertes Problem auch hierzulande die öffentliche Debatte äußerst intensiv. Dabei wird offenbar, dass die Organisation Polizei in der diversen Gesellschaft vor besonderen Problemen und Herausforderungen steht, denen sie bislang nur in Ansätzen begegnet und wenig gewachsen zu sein scheint. Zugleich fehlt es im deutschen Kontext bisher an einem hinreichend breiten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand zu Rassismusin der Polizei. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet der Band eine Grundlage für die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema, indem er den Forschungsstand aus verschiedenen Disziplinen zusammenführt und systematisch aufarbeitet. Die Beiträge können als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Forschung dienen, sollen aber auch eine Übersetzung der Befunde der Rassismusforschung in Richtung Polizei leisten.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit, Note: 2.0, Universität Potsdam (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Hausarbeit soll dazu dienen, die Klassentheorien von Marx und die Gesellschaftstheorie von Dahrendorf zu analysieren, um im Folgenden auf die Konflikttheorien der beiden Wissenschaftler genauer einzugehen. Dahrendorf und Marx werden hier unter soziologischen Gesichtspunkten miteinander verglichen. "Die Geschichte aller bisherigen Gesellschaften ist die Geschichte von Klassenkämpfen" - diese Worte wurden 1848 im "Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei" von Karl Marx niedergeschrieben und gelten bis in die Moderne noch als ein allgemeiner Erklärungsversuch für die Über- und Unterordnung der Gesellschaft (Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat). Desweiteren bietet Marx durch dieses Zitat, und die darauffolgende Ausformulierung im Werk, eine Analyse für die Konfliktbereitschaft der Klassen in den verschiedenen Gesellschaften auf der ganzen Welt.1996 erklärte Ralf Dahrendorf diese Aussage als "empirisch unhaltbare Vereinfachung" und distanzierte sich von dieser Form der Konflikttheorie. Dahrendorf stellte dieser Theorie seine eigene gegenüber und versucht mit ihr den Begriff der "sozialen Konflikte" zu klassifizieren und zu sortieren. Hierbei geht Dahrendorf davon aus, dass Konflikte an die Gesellschaft heran getragen (exogene Konflikte), oder durch die Gesellschaft selbst erzeugt werden (endogene Konflikte). Soziale Gruppen, wie z.B. die Klassen, sind somit nicht mehr die Träger oder Verursacher von Konflikte, sondern eine weitaus differenzierte und präzisere Entität in der Gesellschaft wird als zentraler Konfliktbrennpunkt betrachtet.Diese Hausarbeit findet ihren Einstieg durch die allgemeine Erklärung und über die Konsensbildung von Konflikt und Konflikttheorie. Das Gesellschaftsmodell und die endogene Konflikttheorie von Dahrendorf werden im Folgenden analysiert. Im dritten Teil der Hausarbeit wird die Konflikttheorie von Marx, die auf der Dichotomie der Gesellschaft basiert, als Vergleichspunkt herangezogen. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit wird ein Fazit zur Aktualität der beiden soziologischen Erklärungsversuche, und eine Verifizierung oder Negierung der Aussage zur kritischen Aussage von Dahrendorf, darstellen.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2010 in the subject Law - Philosophy, History and Sociology of Law, grade: A, University of Manchester (School of Law), course: Jurisprudence, language: English, abstract: Throughout their intellectual lives, eminent legal theorists, Ronald Dworkin and Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart, have had an ongoing debate where they have presented their own theories of law, whilst criticising each other¿s theories. In fact, Dworkin¿s criticisms of Hart¿s theory are the basis on which Dworkin uncovers his own theory. Their arguments, at times, can be tricky for people other than themselves to get a hand on; but what can easily be detected is that Dworkin thinks there is an argument between them, whilst Hart does not. This paper will dissect the current nature of dispute between Hart and Dworkin following an in depth, yet concise, elucidation of the main aspects of Dworkin¿s attack on Hart¿s positivism in both Taking Rights Seriously and Law¿s Empire. This will be followed by Hart¿s response in his Postscript to the second edition of The Concept of Law, and an examination of the subsequent academic opinions that have arisen on the basis of their debate.