Industriel brug af videnskabelig forskning og teknologisk innovation

This book covers the latest development in the biotechnological application of extremophiles. Along with this the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on loss of diversity of extremophiles is also discussed. This is crucial as the loss of this diversity is related with the loss of many bioactive compounds and bacteria of ecological importance. This volume outlines applications of extremophiles in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioremediation.

Les sociétés occidentales contemporaines sont marquées du sceau du « jeunisme » et de l¿obsolescence rapide des innovations. Mais, à trop se focaliser sur la nouveauté, ne se prive-t-on pas de tirer des enseignements du passé ? Le passé n¿a-t-il, pour le dire autrement, aucune valeur pour penser notre présent et, plus encore, notre futur ? Quelles sont les ramifications qui permettent des innovations plus responsables en lien avec des besoins réels ? Ainsi est posée la question de la contribution de l¿histoire des techniques au développement de connaissances sur le processus d¿innovation. Quels sont les concepts clés et les principaux apports de l¿histoire des techniques à l¿innovation ? Comment l¿histoire des techniques peut-elle nous aider à imaginer le futur ?L¿enjeu de ce livre n¿est pas de retourner vers un passé. Il s¿agit d¿apprécier la portée heuristique de l¿histoire des techniques et des biographies d¿innovations pour imaginer des concepts innovants à même d'apporter des réponses inédites aux grands défis du monde contemporain. Les auteurs traitent des exemples issus de secteurs industriels variés. Invité à découvrir les innovations techniques de l'entreprise de Marc Seguin, le lecteur découvrira ainsi l'histoire du four micro-onde en France, en passant par celle du Shock Absorber de SEB ou plus près de nous du vaccin anti-covid de Sanofi.Ce livre s'adresse aux chercheurs de toutes disciplines, intéressés par la valorization de leurs travaux, aux ingénieurs de R&D qui lancent des projets innovants. Il se destine aussi à un public plus large intéressé par la naissance et la diffusion des innovations.

This timely and important book describes the impact on the hospital ability to provide patient care and how healthcare institution leveraged diverse technology solutions to combat impact of COVID-19 on providing patient care.

This book covers multipurpose usage of MOFs in sample preparation, integration, and detection stages of analytical chemistry for researchers/scientists/engineers who are interested in developing new materials or new applications.

Why does scholarship on innovation fixate on certain classes of technology? Could our research tools and techniques be concealing as much as they reveal? Ryan T. MacNeil shows how the common instrumentalities of innovation research carry neoliberal market biases. He calls for critical scholars to examine how we observe and understand innovation, offering ways forward to deconstruct and reform disciplinary conventions. This book makes a valuable contribution to critical management and science and technology studies by shedding light on the 'dark matter' of innovation. This will be an important resource for scholars and practitioners interested in disruptive ideas about innovation.

This position paper on Indigenous Protocol (IP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a starting place for those who want to design and create AI from an ethical position that centers Indigenous concerns. Each Indigenous community will have its own particular approach to the questions we raise in what follows. What we have written here is not a substitute for establishing and maintaining relationships of reciprocal care and support with specific Indigenous communities. Rather, this document offers a range of ideas to take into consideration when entering into conversations which prioritize Indigenous perspectives in the development of artificial intelligence. It captures multiple layers of a discussion that happened over 20 months, across 20 time zones, during two workshops, and between Indigenous people (and a few non-Indigenous folks) from diverse communities in Aotearoa, Australia, North America, and the Pacific.Indigenous ways of knowing are rooted in distinct, sovereign territories across the planet. These extremely diverse landscapes and histories have influenced different communities and their discrete cultural protocols over time. A single 'Indigenous perspective' does not exist, as epistemologies are motivated and shaped by the grounding of specific communities in particular territories. Historically, scholarly traditions that homogenize diverse Indigenous cultural practices have resulted in ontological and epistemological violence, and a flattening of the rich texture and variability of Indigenous thought. Our aim is to articulate a multiplicity of Indigenous knowledge systems and technological practices that can and should be brought to bear on the 'question of AI.'To that end, rather than being a unified statement this position paper is a collection of heterogeneous texts that range from design guidelines to scholarly essays to artworks to descriptions of technology prototypes to poetry. We feel such a somewhat multivocal and unruly format more accurately reflects the fact that this conversation is very much in an incipient stage as well as keeps the reader aware of the range of viewpoints expressed in the workshops.

This position paper on Indigenous Protocol (IP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a starting place for those who want to design and create AI from an ethical position that centers Indigenous concerns. Each Indigenous community will have its own particular approach to the questions we raise in what follows. What we have written here is not a substitute for establishing and maintaining relationships of reciprocal care and support with specific Indigenous communities. Rather, this document offers a range of ideas to take into consideration when entering into conversations which prioritize Indigenous perspectives in the development of artificial intelligence. It captures multiple layers of a discussion that happened over 20 months, across 20 time zones, during two workshops, and between Indigenous people (and a few non-Indigenous folks) from diverse communities in Aotearoa, Australia, North America, and the Pacific.Indigenous ways of knowing are rooted in distinct, sovereign territories across the planet. These extremely diverse landscapes and histories have influenced different communities and their discrete cultural protocols over time. A single 'Indigenous perspective' does not exist, as epistemologies are motivated and shaped by the grounding of specific communities in particular territories. Historically, scholarly traditions that homogenize diverse Indigenous cultural practices have resulted in ontological and epistemological violence, and a flattening of the rich texture and variability of Indigenous thought. Our aim is to articulate a multiplicity of Indigenous knowledge systems and technological practices that can and should be brought to bear on the 'question of AI.'To that end, rather than being a unified statement this position paper is a collection of heterogeneous texts that range from design guidelines to scholarly essays to artworks to descriptions of technology prototypes to poetry. We feel such a somewhat multivocal and unruly format more accurately reflects the fact that this conversation is very much in an incipient stage as well as keeps the reader aware of the range of viewpoints expressed in the workshops.

Thermodynamics is the study of very complex systems and so is the foundation for all applied physical sciences. The standard theory is predicated on two assumptions: that entropy is maximum in equilibrium (the Second Law of Thermodynamics) and that fluctuations mimic average flow behavior (Onsager reciprocal relations). Both of these assumptions are shown to be invalid, which is why standard theory remains semi-empirical after 170 years.Why rely on static 19th century arguments when we now know far more about microscopic dynamics? In this treatise, the author extends quantum mechanics to macroscopic scale, building a concrete bridge from fundamental physics to the phenomena we observe. Transport equations are derived without empirical factors, implying flow is always toward a stable equilibrium steady state. This new theory is comprehensive and achieves unambiguous conclusions directly, without introducing entropy or additional postulates. This approach also reveals that entropy is not maximum in equilibrium except in ideal systems, contradicting the Second Law. Real systems evolve to a balanced state, not disorder. Standard theory is incompatible with quantum mechanics. This conclusion alters the rationale for all observations, from simple processes to evolution of the cosmos and intelligent life.Thermodynamics Without Entropy presents a complete theory including all logical steps from fundamental physics to demonstration of a variety of applications. It grounds applied science for physicists, chemists, biologists and engineers of all fields. This book is intended for use as an undergraduate and graduate textbook as well as a research reference.

Many elements and inorganic compounds play an extraordinary role in daily life for numerous applications, e. g., construction materials, inorganic pigments, inorganic coatings, steel, glass, technical gases, energy storage and conversion materials, fertilizers, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, photofunctional materials, semiconductors, superconductors, soft- and hard magnets, technical ceramics, hard materials, or biomedical and bioactive materials. The present book is written by experienced authors who give a comprehensive overview on the many chemical and physico-chemical aspects related to application of inorganic compounds and materials in order to introduce senior undergraduate and postgraduate students (chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers) into this broad field. Volume 3 presents electronic, magnetic, biomedical, carbon- and sulfur-based materials and ceramics. Vol. 1. From Construction Materials to Technical Gases. Vol. 2. From Energy Storage to Photofunctional Materials.

From the New York Times-bestselling author, a new volume on the history of human ingenuity-and its attendant breakthroughs and busts.The world is never finished catching up with Vaclav Smil. In his latest and perhaps most readable book, Invention and Innovation, the prolific author-a favorite of Bill Gates-pens an insightful and fact-filled jaunt through the history of human invention. Impatient with the hype that so often accompanies innovation, Smil offers in this book a clear-eyed corrective to the overpromises that accompany everything from new cures for diseases to AI. He reminds us that even after we go quite far along the invention-development-application trajectory, we may never get anything real to deploy. Or worse, even after we have succeeded by introducing an invention, its future may be marked by underperformance, disappointment, demise, or outright harm.Drawing on his vast breadth of scientific and historical knowledge, Smil explains the difference between invention and innovation, and looks not only at inventions that failed to dominate as promised (such as the airship, nuclear fission, and supersonic flight), but also at those that turned disastrous (leaded gasoline, DDT, and chlorofluorocarbons). And finally, most importantly, he offers a "e;wish list"e; of inventions that we most urgently need to confront the staggering challenges of the twenty-first century.Filled with engaging examples and pragmatic approaches, this book is a sobering account of the folly that so often attends human ingenuity-and how we can, and must, better align our expectations with reality.

Many elements and inorganic compounds play an extraordinary role in daily life for numerous applications, e. g., construction materials, inorganic pigments, inorganic coatings, steel, glass, technical gases, energy storage and conversion materials, fertilizers, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, photofunctional materials, semiconductors, superconductors, soft- and hard magnets, technical ceramics, hard materials, or biomedical and bioactive materials. The present work is written by experienced authors who give a comprehensive overview on the many chemical and physico-chemical aspects related to application of inorganic compounds and materials in order to introduce senior undergraduate and postgraduate students (chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers) into this broad field. Vol. 1. From Construction Materials to Technical Gases: covers construction materials, coatings, metals, intermetallics, technical glasses and technical gases. Vol. 2. From Energy Storage to Photofunctional Materials: discusses energy storage, ionic solids, catalytic materials and photofunctional materials. Vol. 3. From Magnetic to Bioactive Materials: presents electronic, magnetic, biomedical, carbon- and sulfur-based materials and ceramics.

The extensive use of little known electronic principles provides something like the Science of Electronics supplementing the Art of Electronics without involvement of too much theory. Whereas art can only be acquired by doing, the knowledge provided by science can be acquired from books. The ready availability of integrated circuits for practically any application reduces the art of electronics to the art of interfacing these integrated components. The practical knowledge required for that art can only be acquired by doing and not by reading. However, it takes a lot of knowledge to select the best integrated component for achieving a specific goal. Such knowledge is provided in this book. By using a holistic approach in the understanding of the various circuits and by taking ample advantage of the duality between the electrical quantities voltage and current, the understanding of the properties of electronic circuits is made easier. Besides, this approach reduces the amount of mathematics needed for a deeper understanding. Thus, this book is appropriate for scholars at the advanced undergraduate level. In particular, the important aspects of positive and negative feedback in circuits are presented in a compact way by introducing the reverse closed-loop-gain. It is quite clear that a single book cannot cover all aspects of both analog and digital electronics, the latter comprising all circuits needed for data manipulation in digital computers- which is a field in itself.

Harmony Theory: The Simultaneous Grand Unified Transformation Equations and the Mathematical Theory of DNABy: Evan OlsenThis Harmony Theory is a continuation on the last Harmony Theory the transforms spacetime and the factors of proportionality it is alpha a Lorentz factor equal omega a winding number equal delta an energy gap translation equal psi a mobius transformation on omega equal sigma the square root of the current density ratio for a superconductor equal 1 over the safety factor for plasma torus fusion. This book is time travel, faster than light entanglement, fusion and new theory of DNA and cancer and viruses. As well as a theory of hexagonal carbon rings that can lead to antigravity due to negative mass. This is a grand unified as it combines relativity spacetime with quantum theory a solution to uncertainty.About the AuthorEvan Olsen has completed bachelor's of science in physics and minor in math, and another degree in psychology sciences with neurosciences topic of study with a minor in biology.Olsen enjoys martial arts, running, movies, video games, and cross country skiing. He is the eldest of two children and lives in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

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Quantum TechnologiesThe next generation of quantum technologies holds immense potential for innovation in our economy, society as well as many industries and is highly important for Germany and Europe. Entirely new and unexplored solutions could unfold for improving efficiency, sustainability, security, telecommunication, computation and medicine, for example. Fraunhofer is an essential partner of the European industry and, at the same time, acts as an integrator and multiplier of disruptive technology leaps. As such, we are committed to the efficient and sustainable transfer of scientific knowledge into applications for the benefit of society - which is why new quantum technologies represent an important research field in our portfolio. In this book, Fraunhofer presents its knowledge and experience on quantum technology innovations in the areas of sensing, imaging, communication and computing, as well as their scientific foundations and applications.The EditorProf. Dr.-Ing. Reimund Neugebauer is the 10th president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. He took of-fice on October 1, 2012. Under his leadership, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft has grown by approximately 10,000 employees and has increased its budget by around 1 billion euros.