Finansiering af videnskab og videnskabspolitik

"A fast-paced account of America's plunge into simultaneous Cold Wars against two very different adversaries-Xi Jinping's China and Vladimir Putin's Russia-based on deep reporting from inside the White House, U.S. intelligence agencies, technology firms, and foreign governments"--

"An accessible, straightforward guide that demystifies Artificial Intelligence for a general audience without the use of complex math or technical jargon. Covers the fundamentals, from classical models and neural networks to the large language models leading today's AI revolution"--

Det moderne samfund skaber ny information i et hidtil uset tempo, men også misinformation. Forskning og videnskab har en vigtig mission i at skelne mellem sandt og falsk i informationsstrømmen, men mange videnskabelige institutioner udbreder nu den forestilling, at der ikke kan skelnes mellem sandt og falsk, og bidrager til misinformationen med ideologisk farvet pseudoforskning. Bogens påstand er, at forskning ikke må underordnes ideologier, og den bringer eksempler på, at det er netop, hvad der sker på universiteter, hos offentlige myndigheder og i NGO’er. Bogen ser nærmere på nogle af woke-bevægelsens centrale tekster fra ind- og udland og viser, at de mangler videnskabelig gyldighed og – mest bekymrende – forsøger at sætte den videnskabelige selvregulering ud af kraft.

This isn't a book for people who want to fix Big Tech. It's a detailed disassembly manual for people who want to dismantle it.

The rise of the platform economy into statelike dominance over the lives of entrepreneurs, users, and workers.The early Internet was a lawless place, populated by scam artists who made buying or selling anything online risky business. Then Amazon, eBay, Upwork, and Apple established secure digital platforms for selling physical goods, crowdsourcing labor, and downloading apps. These tech giants have gone on to rule the Internet like autocrats. How did this happen? How did users and workers become the hapless subjects of online economic empires? The Internet was supposed to liberate us from powerful institutions. In Cloud Empires, digital economy expert Vili Lehdonvirta explores the rise of the platform economy into statelike dominance over our lives and proposes a new way forward.Digital platforms create new marketplaces and prosperity on the Internet, Lehdonvirta explains, but they are ruled by Silicon Valley despots with little or no accountability. Neither workers nor users can "e;vote with their feet"e; and find another platform because in most cases there isn't one. And yet using antitrust law and decentralization to rein in the big tech companies has proven difficult. Lehdonvirta tells the stories of pioneers who helped create-or resist-the new social order established by digital platform companies. The protagonists include the usual suspects-Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Travis Kalanick of Uber, and Bitcoin's inventor Satoshi Nakamoto-as well as Kristy Milland, labor organizer of Amazon's Mechanical Turk, and GoFundMe, a crowdfunding platform that has emerged as an ersatz stand-in for the welfare state. Only if we understand digital platforms for what they are-institutions as powerful as the state-can we begin the work of democratizing them.

In Building a God, Christopher DiCarlo, a global leader in the ethics of artificial intelligence, unpacks the tangled web surrounding AI, revealing to readers what we know, what we don't, and how we might prepare ourselves for eventualities that we don't know we don't know yet.

"Fantasies of Virtual Reality strips bare the tech industry's vision of a future dominated by immersive VR experiences, challenging the utopian promises of this technology, and the claims that it will revolutionize entertainment, communication, education, and business. While VR does hold significant potential, the overhyped expectations surrounding it, from achieving true empathetic understanding to transforming traditional education and office work, are often overstated -- not to mention fraught with issues of privacy, data security, and accessibility"--

"An expert on AI safety explains what we must do now to minimize the serious harms and threats that AI poses while realizing its benefits for society"--

"In this book, digital anthropologist Payal Arora proposes ways in which we can envision new design systems and thinking to include the world. Drawing from fieldwork on young people's digital usage in Brazil, India, Bangladesh and Nigeria, Arora reveals how their understandings of algorithmic systems shape their creativity, trust, identity, and political action"--

"Blockchain Governance offers an accessible, critical overview of legal and political issues related to blockchain technology. It moves beyond the hype, showing how blockchain offers a fertile ground for experimentation with radically new ways to govern people and institutions"--

A detailed disassembly manual for people who want to dismantle Big Tech

"In this updated and expanded edition of climate scientist Steven Koonin's groundbreaking book, go behind the headlines to discover the latest eye-opening data about climate change-with unbiased facts and realistic steps for the future. With a new introduction, this edition now features reflections on an additional three years of eye-opening data, alternatives to unrealistic "net zero" solutions, global energy inequalities, and the energy crisis arising from the war in Ukraine"--

"An overview of antritrust applied specifically to the context of Big Tech companies (Facebook/Meta, Google/Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, etc.)"--

This book addresses the complex relationship between the values of liberal democracy and the values associated with scientific research. The chapters explore how these values mutually reinforce or conflict with one another, in both historical and contemporary contexts.The contributors utilize various approaches to address this timely subject, including historical studies, philosophical analysis, and sociological case studies. The chapters cover a range of topics including academic freedom and autonomy, public control of science, the relationship between scientific pluralism and deliberative democracy, lay-expert relations in a democracy, and the threat of populism and autocracy to scientific inquiry. Taken together the essays demonstrate how democratic values and the epistemic and non-epistemic values associated with science are interconnected.Science, Freedom, Democracy will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in philosophy of science, history of philosophy, sociology of science, political philosophy, and epistemology.

This innovative interdisciplinary collection confronts the worldwide challenge of women's under-representation in science through an interrogation of the field of physics and its gender imbalance. Leading physicists and sociologists from across Europe collaborate to adopt a comparative approach. They draw on theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence to explore the reasons behind low participation levels, from entering the field to sustaining a career, emphasising the importance of social perspectives over biological explanations. Evaluating policy solutions implemented in various European contexts, this book offers key insights into the world of women physicists and sheds light on their life stories.

"Bill Raduchel started at Harvard as my father's student, assistant, and friend. He went on to a career in technology as the digital revolution unfolded before his eyes. In The New Technology State, he suffuses the insights of The New Industrial State with the changes, challenges, and dangers of our information age." --James K. Galbraith, professor, University of Texas at Austin, and author of The End of Normal This book is about society--how it has changed and what technology is enabling us to do to ourselves.Sixty years ago, legendary economist John Kenneth Galbraith issued a grim prophecy that the global elite would harness the potential of the burgeoning computing revolution to accumulate even more wealth and power.His masterwork The New Industrial State redefined our perception of ourselves and our society. The computing revolution has turned his predictions into a reality that triggered conversations between technology pioneer Bill Raduchel (a former colleague of Galbraith's at Harvard) and British Army officer turned MP Tom Tugendhat.The New Technology State recounts their discussions and reveals how the wealthy and powerful have used the incredible technological advances of the past half-century to gain unprecedented advantages and what we can do to reclaim control of our future.

"Earth is not well. The promise of starting life anew somewhere far, far away--no climate change, no war, no Twitter--beckons, and settling the stars finally seems within our grasp. Or is it? Kelly and Zach Weinersmith set out to write the essential guide to a glorious future of space settlements, but after years of research, they aren't so sure it's a good idea. Space technologies and space business are progressing fast, but we lack the knowledge needed to have space kids, build space farms, and create space nations in a way that doesn't spark conflict back home. In a world hurtling toward human expansion into space, A City on Mars investigates whether the dream of new worlds won't create nightmares, both for settlers and the people they leave behind. In the process, the Weinersmiths answer every question about space you've ever wondered about, and many you've never considered: Can you make babies in space? Should corporations govern space settlements? What about space war? Are we headed for a housing crisis on the Moon's Peaks of Eternal Light--and what happens if you're left in the Craters of Eternal Darkness? Why do astronauts love taco sauce? Speaking of meals, what's the legal status of space cannibalism?"--Publisher marketing.

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Today's academic and research institutions recognise the importance of diverse research teams in health and biomedical science, in terms of the business case, social justice and the common good. This 'go-to' book familiarises readers with the key equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) issues in relation to research careers and researcher development. Bringing together the challenges and solutions to EDI matters with an evidence-based approach in one volume, the book offers practical strategies and interventions for academic and research settings. This is an essential guide for equality planning team members, researchers, HRM officers and managers across academia and research.

"The book offers a framework for how to make innovation leaps more likely - and shows how radically improved technology can help solve the major challenges the world currently faces"--

What if taxi drivers in New York City or rickshaw operators in Bangalore could start a worker-owned and-operated alternative to Uber with stable hourly wages?

The agencies within the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) depend on advanced technology to achieve their goals. While AI, cloud computing, advanced sensors, and big data analytics will fundamentally change both the global threat landscape and IC tradecraft, advances from biology, chemistry, materials, quantum science, network science, social/behavioral/economic sciences, and other fields also have that potential. Maintaining awareness of advances in science and technology is more essential than ever, to avoid surprise, to inflict surprise on adversaries, and to leverage those advances for the benefit of the nation and the IC. This report explores ways in which the IC might leverage the future research and development ecosystem.

"Vaclav Smil lleva cincuenta aänos estudiando las posibilidades que tenemos a nuestro alcance para garantizar el futuro energâetico de nuestro planeta. Debido a la complejidad de las interacciones que mueven el mundo, la atomizaciâon del conocimiento y la volatilidad de la informaciâon es muy difâicil anticipar con exactitud quâe ocurrirâa. Por eso es necesario ceänirse a los datos y a los lâimites que nos ofrece la ciencia, asâi como poner la atenciâon en los escenarios mâas cercanos y menos idealistas para encarar los retos actuales de manera eficaz. Asâi pues, este libro aborda temas tan importantes como la improbable y difâicil tarea de descarbonizar el planeta, en parte por la estrecha relaciâon entre la producciâon de alimentos y los combustibles fâosiles, pero tambiâen destapa realidades incâomodas, como la dependencia de las economâias modernas respecto de la alta producciâon de amonâiaco, metal, cemento y plâastico. Ademâas, examina de quâe forma el calentamiento global puede afectar a nuestras necesidades bâasicas para sobrevivir y anima a reevaluar los riesgos que hemos subestimado o exagerado a lo largo de los aänos para aprender a vivir mâas y mejor. Câomo funciona el mundo es literalmente un libro sobre câomo funciona el mundo. Por su estructura y clarividencia, sirve como una guâia interdisciplinaria que evita a toda costa dar eco a las posturas extremas y propone una respuesta objetiva, cientâifica y razonada a todos los titulares que nos generan ansiedad: la crisis climâatica, la crisis energâetica, la crisis de materias primas, la globalizaciâon y el futuro de nuestra civilizaciâon. El resultado es un poderoso ensayo que combina los mâas recientes descubrimientos cientâificos y el trabajo de quien ha investigado a lo largo de medio siglo los retos energâeticos a los que nos enfrentamos" --

"The inside story of how our political class enabled an era of unaccountable corporate might that left ordinary Americans isolated and powerless-and how we can fight back-from the acclaimed author of The Unbroken Thread. Over the past two generations, U.S. leaders deregulated big business on the faith that it would yield a better economy and a freer society. But the opposite happened. Americans lost stable, well-paying jobs, Wall Street dominated industry to the detriment of the middle class and local communities, and corporations began to subject us to total surveillance, even dictating what we are, and aren't, allowed to think. The corporate titans and mega-donors who aligned themselves with this vision knew exactly what they were getting: perfect conditions for what Sohrab Ahmari calls private tyranny. Drawing on original reporting and a growing chorus of experts who are sounding the alarm, Ahmari chronicles how private tyranny has eroded America's productive economy and the liberties we take for granted-from employment agreements that gag whistleblowers, to Big Finance's takeover of local fire departments, to the rigging of corporate bankruptcy to deny justice to workers and consumers-illuminating how these and other developments have left millions feeling that our livelihoods are insecure. And he shows how ordinary Americans can fight back, by restoring the economic democracy that empowered and uplifted millions of working-class people in the twentieth century. Provocative, original, and cutting across partisan lines, Tyranny, Inc. is a revelatory read on the most important political story of our time"--

A surprising vision of how human intelligence will coevolve with digital technology and revolutionize how we think and behave.It is natural for us to fear artificial intelligence. But does Siri really want to kill us? Perhaps we are falling into the trap of projecting human traits onto the machines we might build. In Evolutionary Intelligence, Neuman offers a surprisingly positive vision in which computational intelligence compensates for the well-recognized limits of human judgment, improves decision making, and actually increases our agency. In artful, accessible, and adventurous prose, Neuman takes the reader on an exciting, fast-paced ride, all the while making a convincing case about a revolution in computationally augmented human intelligence.Neuman argues that, just as the wheel made us mobile and machines made us stronger, the migration of artificial intelligence from room-sized computers to laptops to our watches, smart glasses, and even smart contact lenses will transform day-to-day human decision making. If intelligence is the capacity to match means with ends, then augmented intelligence can offer the ability to adapt to changing environments as we face the ultimate challenge of long-term survival.Tapping into a global interest in technology’s potential impacts on society, economics, and culture, Evolutionary Intelligence demonstrates that our future depends on our ability to computationally compensate for the limitations of a human cognitive system that has only recently graduated from hunting and gathering.