Videnskabeligt udstyr, forsøg og teknikker

This detailed book presents recent methodologies for the task of inspecting the genomic world of plants, extracting valuable information, and presenting it in a readable way. With a focus on bioinformatics tools, the volume explores phylogenetics and evolution, Omics analysis, as well as experimental procedures for trait characterization. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of vital expert implementation advice that will lead to successful results. Authoritative and practical, Plant Comparative Genomics serves as an ideal resource for researchers looking to implement comparative tools in order to explore their genomic data for their daily scientific work.

The nonlinear optical spectrum signal technology is a new type of optical characterization technology owing to its non-invasiveness and good biocompatibility. This book highlights a comprehensive introduction to the Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS), Two-photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) and Second Harmonic Generation signals (SHG) technologies. The four types of nonlinear optical signals technologies, especially two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging, have great application potential in physics, materials science, chemistry and biomedicine. The book covers principles, theoretical calculation methods, signal measurement methods and imaging specific methods. The theoretical part starts from the basics of nonlinear optics and the relationship with strong light, and gradually transitions to theoretical calculation methods for specific optical signals. it combines the classical theory and the quantum theory to help readers develop a thorough understanding of the technologies. The book is a good reference for graduate students majored in physics and chemistry and for researchers working on optics, photonics and materials science.

This detailed book compiles a series of laboratory protocols covering the most important aspects of R-loop biology. Beginning with a range of methods allowing for the detection of DNA-RNA hybrids, as well as their purification and visualization by electron microscopy, the volume continues with methods based on the use of RNase H-derived tools to detect DNA-RNA hybrids in vitro and in vivo. Several protocols permit studying non-canonical RNA nucleotides in the R-loop context, as well as a number of specific protocols devoted to the investigation of R-loop topology and their functional roles in the biology of mitochondria and telomeres. Finally, a large block of chapters is dedicated to different methods allowing genome-wide mapping of DNA-RNA hybrids in various organisms. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, R-Loops: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal resource for those working on R-loop homeostasis but also to scientists studying such areas of molecular and cell biology as genome integrity, DNA replication and repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription, RNA processing, modification and export, as well as for researchers elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cancer and genetic diseases.

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 110, presents the latest release in a series that has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists interested in new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy.

This fully updated edition introduces new tools, models, and analytic insights that position the zebrafish even more strongly as an engine of discovery for developmental and disease biology. Beginning with a section exploring detailed methods for use of zebrafish to model a variety of human diseases, the book continues by illuminating the key ongoing role of the fish model in studies of the vertebrate nervous system, tools and approaches using zebrafish to study stem cell and regenerative biology, as well as techniques in genetics and genomics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Zebrafish: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition serves as an invaluable guide to propel advances in developmental biology, disease modeling, and regeneration research using zebrafish and medaka as model systems.

This detailed volume explores experimental laboratory procedures for a wide range of steroid bioconversions. After an overview on the current trends and perspectives, the book continues with sections covering microbial screening and synthetic biology applied to microorganisms able to catabolize sterols, methods on strain characterization, including omics and biochemical analyses, methods of fermentation and biocatalysis for steroids production, as well as a chapter on the medical use of glucocorticoids in cancer patients. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Steroids: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal reference source for laboratory and industrial professionals, as well as for students in a wide array of biological disciplines.

This two-volume book provides an enriching insight into the laser, covering different types of lasers, the basic science behind the technology, their role at the cutting-edge of current scientific research, and their wide-ranging applications. With just high school physics as a prerequisite and favoring qualitative yet scientifically sound explanations over high-level mathematics, this book is aimed at a broad spectrum of readers in physics, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and biology. Its engaging and lucid presentation is enhanced with plenty of illustrations, making the world of the laser accessible to undergraduate students in the sciences and any other inquisitive readers with high school physics under their belts. Furthermore, the text is often laced with anecdotes, picked from history, that are bound to pique the minds of the readers. It is ideal for self-study or as a complement to courses on optics and optoelectronics. This volume, Part 1 of 2, explains the fundamentals of optics, what a laser is, how it works, and what is unique about the light it emits, from fundamental quantum theory through population inversion and cavity to common laser types. It is followed by Part 2 which depicts the many advances in science enabled by the laser, including spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, optical cooling and trapping, and optical tweezers, among many others, and provides a glimpse into the ways that the laser affects our lives via its uses in medicine, manufacturing, the nuclear industry, energy, defence, communication, ranging, pollution monitoring, art conservation, fashion, beauty, and entertainment.

This second edition details new and updated methods on different antibody libraries, along with novel approaches for antibody discovery. Chapters focuses on the construction of antibody libraries, antibody expression, complementary approaches for antibody selection, and other phage display related applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Phage Display: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

This book presents a collection of chapters on modern bioelectrochemistry focusing on new materials for biodevice, bioelectrosynthesis and bioenergy. The chapters cover protein engineering, semiconductors, biorecognition, graphene-based bioelectronics, bioelectrosynthesis, biofuel cells, bioinspired batteries and biophotovoltaics.

This atlas provides a detailed overview of the novel technique of ex vivo confocal microscopy for rapid imaging of excised tissues in dermatological practice. It features an extensive collection of ex vivo images acquired from normal skin structures and from a variety of neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant) and inflammatory lesions. Each chapter contains several image types of a particular disorder, including gray-scale, digital purple-pink images (DHE) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) correlations to assist the acquisition of diagnostic skills. Guidance on how to use techniques for tissue preparation, staining, handling and image acquisition are also provided enabling the reader to develop confidence in integrating this technique into their day-to-day practices. Furthermore, this atlas also provides an update on the ongoing latest advances in the field. Cutaneous Atlas of Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy covers how to apply these techniques into dermatological practice, especially in Mohs surgery for the evaluation of keratinocytic neoplasm and in dermatopathology for rapid evaluation of varied skin lesions. It is therefore a valuable resource for trainee, residents, practicing dermatologists and dermatopathologists who are seeking a resource to assist in developing their knowledge and skills of utilizing these methodologies. 

This book provides an integrated review of the human ocular microbiome. It documents the discovery of ocular surface microbes by the conventional cultivable method and next generation sequencing technologies in both healthy and diseased (keratitis, uveitis, endophthalmitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis etc.) eyes. The book further discusses the confounding factors that influence the microbiome, mycobiome and virome. The chapters cover niche-specificity with reference to skin, eyelid- margin, hands etc. It highlights the concept of core genera, dysbiosis and discriminating genera and covers the functional relevance of the dysbiotic microbiome, mycobiome and virome with respect to ocular diseases. The book includes topics on the relevance of molecular mechanisms, including quorum-sensing and mucin metabolism to ocular disorders, such as dry eye; and, microbiome-based therapies for treating of ocular disorders like vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The book is essential for microbiologists studying the human eye, ophthalmologists treating eye infection and trauma. It also caters to students of medical microbiology and medicine.

This volume covers various aspects of affinity chromatography along with examples of its applications. Chapters guide readers through methodologies to purify a diverse array of molecular targets such as antibodies, extracellular vesicles, recombinant proteins, biomarkers, metabolites, plant organelles, nucleic acids, ligand identification and protocols on building affinity matrix. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols aims to be an invaluable resource to anyone employing affinity chromatography-based methodologies.

This comprehensive guide to gene cloning provides beginning and advanced readers with the background, standard techniques, practical applications, and ethical and safety considerations in the field. A one-stop reference for students, researchers in academia and industry, and anyone interested in a thorough but accessible overview.

This volume explores updated and entirely new experimental approaches used to investigate phagocytosis and phagosome maturation. In order to aid in the study of engulfment, maturation, resolution, and pathogen manipulation of phagocytes, the book features methodology to quantify uptake and maturation specific to certain phagocytes, particles, or pathogens, while other chapters offer methods that can be applied generically across the field. Methods are presented to study phagocytosis and phagosome maturation in vivo, in cellulo, and through in vitro analyses. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Phagocytosis and Phagosomes: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as a vital resource for both experts in the field as well as for investigators delving into phagocytosis and phagosome maturation for the first time.

Große Datenmengen lassen sich ohne den Einsatz von einschlägigen Softwareprodukten kaum bearbeiten. Mit den bereitgestellten Algorithmen können Daten statistisch ausgewertet und Optimierungsaufgaben oder kombinatorische Problemstellungen gelöst werden. Auch wenn dies zumeist im ¿Black Box¿-Verfahren geschieht, ist es doch hilfreich, etwa bei der Auswahl der Algorithmen oder bei der Einschätzung der erforderlichen Zeit-Ressourcen, die hinter den Algorithmen steckenden mathematischen Ideen zu kennen.Das Buch lädt Biologen und Mediziner ein, sich mit den mathematischen Grundlagen von ausgewählten Algorithmen der Bioinformatik vertraut zu machen. Es ist eine Einführung mit vielen durchgerechneten Beispielen und zahlreichen Aufgaben mit ausführlichen Lösungen zum Einüben der mathematischen Inhalte. Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte sind Matrizen, lineare Gleichungssysteme, Rekursionen, Abzähltechniken, diskrete dynamische Optimierung, Markov-Ketten, Hidden Markov-Modelle und distanzbasierte Klassifikationsverfahren.

This detailed volume presents validated and well-adapted procedures involving humanized and/or stem cell-based neural model systems that have proven helpful in better understanding the essential brain functions involved in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. The book explores the generation of multiple neural cell types in 2D and 3D as well as cutting-edge techniques to assay neural function. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Stem Cell-Based Neural Model Systems for Brain Disorders serves as an essential resource for researchers and students in neuroscience, stem cell biology, and related fields.

De trop nombreux électroniciens hésitent encore à se lancer dans la grande aventure des microcontrôleurs, pourtant si passionnante !Ce livre tient à démystifier le module à microcontrôleur Arduino-UNO et à vous ôter toute réticence à propos des difficultés d'apprentissage de son langage et de sa mise en pratique.En lisant attentivement cet ouvrage, vous éprouverez une certaine aisance et beaucoup de plaisir à travailler avec l'Arduino.Les modules Arduino évitent pratiquement toutes les modifications de la section électronique d'une réalisation lors de la mise au point d'un projet. Il suffit simplement de changer quelques lignes de code afin de parvenir au résultat escompté. Nous avons opté pour le module Arduino-UNO compte tenu de son faible coût, de sa popularité et de sa grande puissance de traitement.Ce livre, largement illustré en couleur, démontre que la programmation en langage Arduino ne présente pas plus de difficultés que le Basic d'autrefois. Il convient donc autant aux novices qu'aux lecteurs initiés.Vous n'aurez pas besoin de réaliser les circuits imprimés dont les opérations photographiques et chimiques rebutent tant d'électroniciens. Tout se passe sur des plaques de câblage sans soudures en interconnectant des modules tout prêts (d'approvisionnement aisé) et quelques composants, au moyen de fils munis de connecteurs mâles ou femelles (standard Dupont).Après les projets de base, nous évoluerons graduellement vers des applications nous menant à la domotique, à la robotique et aux commandes à distance sans fils (en infrarouge et en Bluetooth). Les applications pour les Smartphones Android®, développées par l'auteur, se téléchargent directement à partir de son site Web.Vous apprendrez à traiter de multiples circuits et périphériques : entrées numériques et analogiques, sorties faibles et fortes puissances, afficheur LCD alphanumérique et « OLED », sonde de température, gestion des servomoteurs, télécommande par infrarouge et en Bluetooth, composants I2C, etc.Après la lecture et la mise en pratique de cet ouvrage, vous serez à même de concevoir vos propres projets et pourquoi pas, de les réaliser avec leurs circuits imprimés, comme le font les professionnels.

This book systematically and comprehensively discusses the biological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of the hepatitis E virus (HEV). It presents current knowledge of HEV and explores experimental methods, treatment, and prevention of HEV. First identified in the 1980s and cloned in 1990, HEV is the causative agent of hepatitis E, which mainly occurs in developing regions, such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, and significantly affects the health of the people in these areas. It is estimated that a third of the world¿s population has been infected with HEV, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can infect both humans and animals. In the second edition, new chapters are added to demonstrate the lifecycle, morphogenesis, and stem cell culture of hepatitis E virus. Although research on hepatitis E virus has made progress recently, there are still some problems that have not been solved. Those problems are discussed in this edition, which would be helpful for researchers to understand the problems on hepatitis E virus that they have faced. Meanwhile, the epidemiology, transmission, genetic evolution, animal models, treatment, and others in the related chapters of the first version were also updated according to the most recent research progress. The book provides an overview of HEV from benchside to bedside. It is a valuable resource for researchers in the field and those in the pharmaceutical industry developing HEV vaccines, as well as physicians involved in identifying and treating those infected with the virus.

This volume presents the latest techniques to study several aspects of reproductive behavior in different species. The chapters in this book cover topics such as methods to investigate social behavior; sexual motivation and reward, both of which are fundamental for the initiation of sexual behavior; olfactory signaling; different characteristics and models of reproductive function; and parental behavior in both rats and rabbits. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Animal Models of Reproductive Behavior is a valuable resource for both experienced researchers and students who want to incorporate new techniques into their studies of reproductive behavior.

This detailed new edition provides a guide for implementing a selection of novel techniques utilizing the pioneering organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, a vital discovery engine for the rules of life, from molecules and genes, through cellular physiology, metabolism and aging, neurobiology and behavior, to individuality and interaction with the environment. Beginning with two chapters offering practical advice for setting up research programs with C. elegans, either for a new research group or for a short-term project such as a teaching laboratory, the volume continues with numerous hands-on methodologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, C. elegans: Methods and Applications, Third Edition offers the kind of clear guidance that will serve all researchers working with these vital and dynamic organisms.

This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019, addresses the rapidly growing and evolving field of metabolomics. It has been compiled and designed to broaden and enrich your understanding as well as simplify a complicated picture of the diverse field of metabolomics. This is accomplished by chapters from experts in the field on basic principles as well as reviews and updates of analytical techniques. The variety and different perspectives of the NMR approaches are described in the chapters By David Wishart, Daniel Raftery and Ryan McKay, while mass spectrometry advances are covered by Charles R. Evans and Stefan Kempa. This book also reflects the state of the art in the application of metabolomics to cell biology (Marta Cascante and Ulrich Guenther) and chapters that share insights into the application of metabolomics in various diseases (Paola Turano and Claudio Luchinat, Rachel S. Kelly and Jessica Lasky-Su,Paige Lacy, and Angela Rogers. Relationships of metabolomics with drugs are highlighted by Robert Verpoorte (natural products drug discovery), by Oscar Millet and by Turano and Luchinat (perspectives in precision medicine) and by Daniel L. Hertz (drug-induced peripheral neuropathy). From the above list of diverse topics, we believe this book has interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest in the role of metabolomics in achieving precision medicine will find it of particular or special interest.

The 3rd edition of this textbook offers clear explanations of optical spectroscopic phenomena and shows how spectroscopic techniques are used in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics.Topics included are: electronic and vibrational absorption fluorescence symmetry operations and normal-mode calculations electron transfer from excited moleculesenergy transferexciton interactions electronic and vibrational circular dichroismcoherence and dephasingultrafast pump-probe and photon-echo spectroscopy single-molecule and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopyRaman scatteringmultiphoton absorption quantum optics and non-linear opticsentropy changes during photoexcitationelectronic and vibrational Stark effects studies of fast processes in single moleculestwo-dimensional electronic and vibrational spectroscopyThis revised and updated edition provides expanded discussions of laser spectroscopy, crystal symmetry, birefringence, non-linear optics, solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The explanations are sufficiently thorough and detailed to be useful for researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates in chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics. They are based on time-dependent quantum mechanics, but are developed from first principles so that they can be understood by readers with little prior training in the field. Additional topics and highlights are presented in special boxes in the text. The book is richly illustrated with color figures throughout. Each chapter ends with a section of questions for self-examination.

This book provides an up-to-date account of the most widespread methods used by specialists in the field of plant cytogenetics and the emerging field of cytogenomics that will likely soon be adapted by more labs. From the classical basic karyological approaches to the most recent genomics-informed and computational methods, the volume explores genome size and ploidy level estimation, chromosome fixation, preparation, and manipulation, banding and staining techniques, in situ hybridization, as well as numerous methods that integrate cytogenetics with bioinformatics and computational genomics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal resource for plant scientists interested in molecular and evolutionary biology, breeding, systematics, and plant -omics in general.