Nanovidenskaber

Advanced Nanomaterial Engineering by Dr. Dustin Grover is a comprehensive guide that explores the fascinating field of nanomaterial engineering, covering topics such as the fundamentals of nanomaterials, characterization techniques, and their applications in electronics, energy, biomedicine, and the environment. With a focus on cutting-edge research and future trends, this book is an essential resource for engineers, scientists, and anyone interested in the exciting world of nanotechnology.

This book highlights the photogalvanic effects at low dimensions, surfaces, and interfaces, more specifically 2D materials, such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Although the phenomenology of the photogalvanic effects, which can be simply seen as photoresponse nonlinear-in-electric field, have been well-established, the microscopic understanding in each material system may vary. This book is a quick reference and a detailed roadmap starting from phenomenology and continuing with the ultimate low dimensional materials, in which the photogalvanic effects can offer a rich platform at the second-order response to an electric field. A general phenomenology of photogalvanic effect is provided in the first chapter, together with the photon drag effect which also generates a photocurrent like the photogalvanic effect, but with some distinct features, as well as somewhat puzzling similarities. Next two chapters explain these effects in graphene, starting with a necessary related background on graphene, then a particular focus on its specific phenomenology, microscopic theory, and experimental results. In a similar fashion, in chapters four and five, a necessary background for the photogalvanic effects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, with symmetry analysis, microscopic theory, and experimental results is presented, along with the Berry curvature dependent photocurrent, which can also play an important role in 2D semiconductors. The second-order photogalvanic effects that have been covered so far in graphene and monolayer transition metal chalcogenides have already excited the 2D semiconductor optoelectronic research community by several means. It seems that the interests on the photogalvanic effects will continue to escalate in near future.

Nanotechnological Neuroethology" by Dr. Lucas A. Small provides a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between nanotechnology and neuroethology, covering the fundamentals of both fields, their applications, ethical considerations, challenges, and future trends. With captivating case studies and an interdisciplinary approach, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the cutting-edge advancements and ethical implications of using nanotechnology in the study of neural systems.

Carbon nanomaterials have several applications, which is driving up scientific research into them. The book showcases the most recent advancements and research discoveries rather than just providing an overview. Each chapter offers authoritative insights into the ever-changing field of carbon-based nanomaterials, as written by top authorities in their respective domains. The book stands out for its persistent focus on real-world application. It is devoted to practical applications and is divided into four sections. The intriguing promise of carbon nanomaterials, their synthesis, and their possible uses set the stage for the adventure. Subsequently, the emphasis shifts to agriculture, where nanomaterials have been shown to improve plant health, fend against illnesses, promote growth and development, and even help detect and remove herbicides. The biomedical part explores the potential toxicological ramifications of these materials while introducing the reader to their ground-breaking role in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the fight against fungal diseases. Overall, the book provides valuable insights and serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and scientists across various interdisciplinary subjects.

This contributed volume provides a comprehensive understanding of synthetic protocols, characterization techniques, and current applications of iron oxide-based nanocomposite and nanoenzyme materials. It covers basic concepts and recent advancements in iron oxide-based nanocomposites and nanoenzymes, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and functionalization for specific research applications. The different chapters in the book highlight key characterization techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy, among others while it also explores various applications of these materials, such as adsorption of heavy metals and dyes, gas sensors, biomedical applications, photo-catalysis, and photovoltaic sensors. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, and biotechnology.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 10th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2022), which was held in hybrid format on August 25-27, 2022 at Lviv House of Scientists, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, synthesis and their applications.The book will be interesting for leading scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in material and nanoscience. This book¿s companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, nanoelectronics,energy storage, nanochemistryl and biomedical applications.

The book focuses on how sustainable nanomaterials can help with various aspects of infectious diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as the characteristics that materials should possess in order to enter clinical trials.

This is the first book providing overview of magnetism in curved geometries, highlighting numerous peculiarities emerging from geometrically curved magnetic objects such as curved wires, shells, as well as complex three-dimensional structures. Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become a general trend in multiple disciplines across electronics, photonics, plasmonics and magnetics. This approach provides the means to modify conventional and even launch novel functionalities by tailoring the local curvature of an object. The book covers the theory of curvilinear micromagnetism as well as experimental studies of geometrically curved magnets including both fabrication and characterization. With its coverage of fundamental aspects, together with exploration of numerous applications across magnonics, bio-engineering, soft robotics and shapeable magnetoelectronics, this edited collection is ideal for all scientists in academia and industry seeking an overview and wishing to keep abreast of advances in the novel field of curvilinear micromagnetism. It provides easy but comprehensive access to the field for newcomers, and can be used for graduate-level courses on this subject.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 10th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2022), which was held on August 25-27, 2022 at Lviv House of Scientists, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings across diverse areas ranging from quantum optics and nanoelectonics to biophysics.The book will be interesting for leading scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in nanoelectronics, optics, bio-and chemical engineering. This book¿s companion volume also addresses topics such as nanostructured surface, nanomaterials, and its applications.

This book provides expert coverage of the current state of the art in the application of nanotechnologies to cellulose research. It offers a comprehensive collection of topics including nanocellulose isolation, assembly into hierarchical structures, and advanced emerging applications. During the past decades, research in nanocellulose has advanced quickly, driven by the urgent needs for sustainability and the availability of advanced nanotechniques. Although cellulose has been investigated and used for thousands of years, the recent advances in nanotechnology have transformed our view of this natural substance. Cellulose, when present in the highly crystalline nanoscale form, can demonstrate interesting mechanical, optical, and fluidic properties that can be manipulated in designing materials with novel applications.This book contains 12 chapters. Chapter 1 focuses primarily on the fundamentals of nanocellulose, including general aspects on its structure, isolation, and characterization. Chapters 2-4 summarize the recent progress on assembly of nanocellulose into the macroscopic scale using state-of-the-art techniques. Chapters 5-13 cover the most advanced applications of nanocellulose in emerging areas, including superstrong materials, light management, electronics, energy storage, printed battery, water treatment, nanogenerator, and biomedicine. The book will appeal to upper undergraduate and graduate students through practicing researchers as a comprehensive reference on the subject of nanocellulose and its use in various fields.

Following the model of teaching from the top down, this book provides a jargon-free foundation in the burgeoning field of nanoengineering.

This book is about Using Our Technology, (The Quantum Computer, The Mind Reading Machine, and The Replicator Machine all 3 Combined and Advanced enough) For Creating Buildings/Homes for the Unconscious Helper Beings to live and be made in. Basically the story is about and for us to get used to the technology that can create the homes/ buildings for the Unconscious Helper Beings to live in, that the technology can create the buildings/homes in an Instance! Giving Freedom of All Beings in All Existences Forever with Old and New Freedoms Forever! So it's no surprise when we actually achieve this goal in reality! All created for moral, ethical, comfortable usages...No one or no individual being should be put under any uncomfortable conditions or not even the smallest pain you can think of when using or creating the technology

This book is based on a course of lectures aimed at undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science and welding at the E.O. Paton Institute of Materials Science and Welding National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute." The book is divided into four parts, each focusing on various aspects of magnetic solitons in ferromagnetic nanosystems.The first two parts of the book cover the quantum and thermodynamic properties of uniaxial ferromagnetic films with strong magnetic anisotropy and cylindrical nanowires made of different chemical compositions (ferrite-garnet, iron, nickel). These properties are related to the presence of "kink" solitons, which are vertical Bloch lines (BLs) and domain walls (DWs) of transverse type, respectively.The third part of the book discusses the effect of thermal motion of transverse-type DWs on the magnetocaloric effect in cylindrical iron and nickel nanowires. The fourth part of the book explores the conditions that lead to structural transitions between different types of DWs, including transverse, asymmetric, and DWs with a Bloch point (point soliton).Each part of the book is summarized at the end, highlighting the main results presented. Overall, the book is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of magnetic solitons in ferromagnetic nanosystems and their associated quantum, thermodynamic, and structural properties.

This book describes analytical instruments widely used to characterize the nanostructured materials. It provides information about how to assess material quality, defects, the state of surfaces and interfaces, element distributions, strain, lattice distortion, and electro-optical properties of materials and devices. The information provided by this book can be used as a back-up for material processing, material design and debugging of device performance. The basic principles and methodology of each analysis technique is described in separate chapters, adding historic perspectives and recent developments. The data analysis, from simple to advanced level, is introduced by numerous examples, mostly taken from the authors' fields of research; semiconductor materials, metals and oxides. The book serves as a valuable guide for scientists and students working in materials science, physics, and engineering, who wish to become acquainted with the most important analytical techniques for nanomaterials.

Essential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.

Um das mechanische Verhalten von Werkstoffen einerseits besser zu verstehen und andererseits gezielt verbessern zu können, müssen die Prozesse und Mechanismen, die bei mechanischer Belastung im Material in Abhängigkeit von den Materialstrukturen ablaufen (die sog. ¿Struktur- Eigenschafts-Korrelationen¿), bekannt sein. Grundlegend sind die Prozesse auf mikro- und nanoskopischer Größenebene, d.h. im Größenbereich von 0,1 mm bis herab zu 0,1 nm (d.h. sog. Mikro- und Nanomechanik). Der Autor charakterisiert anschaulich diese mikro- und nanomechanischen Mechanismen mit aussagefähigen Schemata und Bildern auf der Grundlage hauptsächlich von elektronenmikroskopischen Analysen. Neben allgemeingültigen Prozessen und Mechanismen wird auch auf materialspezifische Effekte (z.B. Crazes, Chevrons, Dünnschichtfließen) eingegangen.Die Produktfamilie WissensExpress bietet Ihnen Lehr- und Lernbücher in kompakter Form. Die Bücher liefern schnell und verständlich fundiertes Wissen.

This book presents the structure formation and dynamics of animate and inanimate matter on the nanometre scale. This is a new interdisciplinary field known as Meso-Bio-Nano (MBN) science that lies at the intersection of physics, chemistry, biology and material science. Special attention in the book is devoted to investigations of the structure, properties and dynamics of complex MBN systems by means of photonic, electronic, heavy particle and atomic collisions. This includes problems of fusion and fission, fragmentation, surfaces and interfaces, reactivity, nanoscale phase and morphological transitions, irradiation-driven transformations of complex molecular systems, collective electron excitations, radiation damage and biodamage, channeling phenomena and many more. Emphasis in the book is placed on the theoretical and computational physics research advances in these areas and related state-of-the-art experiments. Particular attention in the book is devoted to the utilization of advanced computational techniques and high-performance computing in studies of the dynamics of systems.

This book discusses inorganic/metallic nanopesticides and fertilizers. Rather than providing a general review of the topic, it offers a critical assessment of what has been achieved and highlights future measures to allow agriculture to profit from the properties of inorganic nanoparticles. It covers a variety of topics, including strategies for preparing cost-effective nanoparticles, their chemistry both within and outside the plant, the effects of nanoparticles in the field and whether the current strategies were successful in increasing crop yields. This book will appeal to readers in academia and industry, as well as stakeholders and anyone who has an interest in the applications of inorganic nanopesticides and nanofertilizers as well as the potential use of these technologies in agriculture.

Since its advent, nanotechnologies are considered key enabling technologies that take advantage of a wide array of nanomaterials (NMs) for biomedical and industrial applications generating significant societal and economic benefits. However, such innovation increases human exposure to these substances through inhalation, ingestion or dermal contact raising public health concerns. Furthermore, the NMs' specific physicochemical properties, that confer them unique beneficial characteristics, can also elicit nano-bio interactions leading to toxicity and concerns for public health. In addition, such properties can be affected by the surrounding matrix, particularly when incorporated in complex matrices such as food products, leading to secondary features potentially more relevant than primary characteristics for determining their toxicological outcome. These nano specific issues raise the question of whether the NMs may produce adverse outcomes that are not accounted for when using conventional toxicological approaches to assess their safety.Such uncertainties about the safety of NMs for human health and the environment may hamper a faster and more widespread exploration of their potentials. In response, the NMs definition has evolved, and nanotoxicology has developed towards new and more integrative approach methods to support regulatory and policy actions.This book provides a perspective on recent developments in the synthesis, application, and characterization of NMs and the related nanotechnologies, focusing on nanotoxicology for their accurate safety assessment early in the product development stage. The use of complex in vitro models, including multicellular systems and organoids, and "e;omics-based"e; approaches, such as transcriptomics or epigenomics, have greatly contributed to an in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind some NMs toxicity. Such mechanistic knowledge is equally addressed in this book and has set the basis for a predictive nanotoxicology approach building on adverse outcome pathways. In addition, considering the knowledge provided by the above-mentioned approaches, insights into risk assessment, standardization, and regulation of NMs are also included.Incorporating adequate nanosafety assessment early in the life-cycle of NMs will allow the implementation of the safe and sustainable-by-design paradigm enabling safety to keep pace with innovation.Chapters 10 and 15 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book gives a complete overview of current developments in the fabrication and diverse applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials synthesized from agricultural/horticultural products and organic waste materials. Nanoparticles are thought to have been present on earth naturally since its origin in the form of soil, water, volcanic dust, and minerals. Besides their natural origin, they have been also synthesized by using physical, chemical, and biological means. The chapters in this book look at agricultural as well as horticultural wastes from industries, such as palm oil, rubber, paper, wood, vegetable, coffee/tea, rice, wheat, maize, grass, and fruit juice processing factories, and describe the methods to extract and synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, which are then applied in various sectors such as food, agriculture, cosmetics, and medicines industries. The book is a reference source for academician, scientists, policymakers, students, and researchers scientist working in minimizing the environmental pollution and implementing nanotechnology into agricultural waste products to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles.

This book presents experimental as well as simulation methodologies for analysis and development of nanostructures for introducing the desirable effects through modifications in the basic structure of select nanomaterials. The initial chapters in this book focus on exploring the basic aspects of nanomaterials, e.g., distinguishing features, synthesis, processing, characterization, simulation and application dimensions, or nanostructures that enable novel/enhanced properties or functions. The chapters also cover the size-dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of nanomaterials in exposing the specific properties essential for applications in nanophotonics, nanoplasmonics, nanosystems (e.g., biological, medical, chemical, catalytic, energy, and environmental applications), and nanodevices (e.g., electronic, photonic, magnetic, imaging, diagnostic, and sensor applications). This book is a useful resource for students, researchers, and technologists in gathering recent knowledge on novel nanostructures and their use in different application areas.

This book explores the modification of various synthesis processes to enhance the photocatalytic activity in varied applications in the fields of environmental remediation and energy production. It outlines the enhancement of photocatalytic activity via alloys synthesis, thin film coatings, electro-spun nanofibers and 3D printed photocatalysts. The book further states the diverse applications of materials for degrading organic pollutants and airborne pathogens, improving indoor air quality and as a potential antimicrobial agent. The application of photocatalysts in green organic synthesis, biomedical field and in hydrogen evolution are also presented in the book. It covers theoretical studies of photocatalytic material and conversion of CO2 to value added chemical feed stocks. The book is of relevance to researchers in academia and industry alike in the fields of material science, environmental science & technology, photocatalytic applications andin energy generation and conversion.

Textile industry wastewater contains toxic dyes as well as heavy metals and many other persistent organic compounds which are difficult to biodegrade using conventional biological methods. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are one of the best alternatives for the effective degradation of such compounds. This Volume 2 starts with homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes and reviews the application and variables that affect the process. It then discusses plasma technology- an emerging method in terms of its chemistry, treatment set-up, limitations, etc. The positive performance of carbon tetrachloride in process intensification of dye degradation is presented. The other chapters include topics such as sonoenzymatic treatment processes, electroflocculation versus textile wastewater, combination of photocatalysis and membrane Separation, and enhancement of anaerobic digestion and photodegradation through adsorption.

This book covers the latest development in the biotechnological application of extremophiles. Along with this the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on loss of diversity of extremophiles is also discussed. This is crucial as the loss of this diversity is related with the loss of many bioactive compounds and bacteria of ecological importance. This volume outlines applications of extremophiles in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioremediation.

This volume deals with the various fabrication techniques, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of polymeric fibers possessing different scale and structure. It provides an overview of fabrication techniques such as Co-axial, Centrifugal, Melt and Yarning to procure multiscale, tubular and layered fibrous scaffold employed for biomedical applications. The chapters in this volume discusse the surface/chemical functionalization of fibers which enhance the biological properties of the fibrous scaffolds as well as the development of hybrid, layered and external stimuli-responsive fibrous scaffolds that hold potential application in biosensor and other biomedical fields. In addition, recent advances and applications of polymeric multiscale fibers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are presented. The potential use of fibrous scaffolds in bone, neural, tendon/ligament and cardiac tissue engineering, nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing, employed in cancer theragnostics and in the treatment of skin/periodontal infections are discussed. The volume provides expert knowledge on the fabrication techniques, development of different scale and hybrid structure fibers, surface functionalization, layered and external stimuli responsive fibrous scaffolds. It will be beneficial to material/biomaterials scientists, bioengineering and biotechnologists by providing a better understanding on the subject of the innovative applications of fibrous scaffolds in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and regenerative medicine.

This book highlights recent advances in quantum control technologies with regard to hybrid quantum systems. It addresses the following topics: phonon engineering based on phononic crystals, carbon-based nano materials like graphene and nanotubes, Terahertz light technology for single-molecule and quantum dots, nuclear-spin-based metrology for semiconductor quantum systems, quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators, chiral three-dimensional photonic crystals, and bio-inspired magnonic systems. Each topic, as a component in the framework of hybrid quantum systems, is concisely presented by experts at the forefront of the field. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable asset, and will help readers find advanced technologies and materials suitable for their purposes.

The human brain is the most complex organ in the known universe. Despite the countless advances made in neuroscience over the past few decades, we are still far from understanding its intricate workings. In this book, we embark on a fascinating journey through the mysteries of neuroscience, exploring the latest findings and cutting-edge research that is unlocking the secrets of the brain.We start with an overview of the brain, its structure, and the various regions that control different functions. From there, we delve into the different fields of neuroscience, including cognitive, developmental, and clinical neuroscience. We learn about the latest techniques and technologies being used to study the brain, such as neuroimaging, optogenetics, and gene editing.The book also explores the various mental illnesses and disorders that affect the brain, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and addiction. We examine the latest treatments and therapies being developed to help those suffering from these conditions.As we journey deeper into the mysteries of the brain, we also explore the philosophical and ethical implications of our growing understanding of neuroscience. We ponder the nature of consciousness, free will, and the mind-body problem.With engaging writing and stunning visuals, "The Brain Unlocked" takes readers on a captivating journey through the wonders and mysteries of the human brain. Whether you're a seasoned neuroscientist or simply curious about the workings of the brain, this book is an essential guide to understanding the most complex organ in the human body.