Naturvidenskabens historie

Lessons in Elementary Mechanics: Introductory to the Study of Physical Science is a book written by Philip Magnus and originally published in 1896. The book is an introduction to the study of physical science and specifically focuses on mechanics. It is intended for students who are just beginning their study of the subject and provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of mechanics.The book is divided into several sections, each of which covers a different aspect of mechanics. These sections include an introduction to the subject, the laws of motion, the principles of work and energy, and the properties of matter. The book also includes numerous diagrams and illustrations to help students better understand the concepts being presented.Throughout the book, Magnus emphasizes the importance of experimentation and observation in the study of physical science. He encourages students to perform their own experiments and to make observations in order to better understand the principles being discussed.Overall, Lessons in Elementary Mechanics: Introductory to the Study of Physical Science is a valuable resource for students who are just beginning their study of mechanics. It provides a clear and concise overview of the subject and is written in a way that is accessible to students of all levels.Designed For The Use Of Schools And Of Candidates For The London Matriculation And Other Examinations. With Numerous Exercises.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Intellectual Principles Or Elements Of Mental Science: Intuitions, Thoughts, Beliefs is a book written by John Hensley Godwin and published in 1884. The book explores the three fundamental elements of mental science: intuitions, thoughts, and beliefs. Godwin argues that these elements are essential to understanding the nature of the mind and how it functions.The book is divided into three parts, each of which focuses on one of the three elements. The first part examines intuitions, which Godwin defines as ""immediate knowledge or perception without the intervention of reasoning."" He explores the different types of intuitions and how they relate to the mind's ability to perceive reality.The second part of the book focuses on thoughts, which Godwin describes as ""the mental processes by which we reason, imagine, and form judgments."" He explores the different types of thoughts and how they relate to the mind's ability to process information.The final part of the book explores beliefs, which Godwin defines as ""the mental attitudes or convictions that we hold about reality."" He discusses the different types of beliefs and how they shape our perceptions and actions.Throughout the book, Godwin draws on a range of philosophical and scientific sources to support his arguments. He also includes numerous examples and case studies to illustrate his points.Overall, Intellectual Principles Or Elements Of Mental Science: Intuitions, Thoughts, Beliefs is a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental elements of mental science. It provides a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the nature of the mind and how it functions.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""Outlines of Forestry"" is a book written by Edwin James Houston in 1893 that provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of forestry. The book is divided into a series of primers that cover various topics related to forestry, including the history of forestry, the different types of trees and forests, the principles of forest management, and the economic and social benefits of forestry. Houston's book is intended as an introductory guide for those interested in the science of forestry, and it provides a clear and concise overview of the essential concepts and practices in the field. The author emphasizes the importance of sustainable forest management and the need to balance economic, ecological, and social considerations in forestry practices. Overall, ""Outlines of Forestry"" is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning about the science of forestry and the principles that underlie sustainable forest management. The book is well-written and accessible, making it an excellent starting point for those new to the subject.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The Science of Tone Production, originally published in 1914, is a comprehensive guide to understanding the technical aspects of producing sound on musical instruments. Written by Georges Antoine Brouillet, a renowned French musician and pedagogue, the book covers a wide range of topics related to tone production, including the physics of sound, the anatomy of the human ear, and the mechanics of various musical instruments.The book is divided into three main sections. The first section provides an overview of the fundamental principles of sound production, including the properties of sound waves, resonance, and harmonics. The second section focuses on the specific techniques used to produce sound on various instruments, such as the piano, violin, and flute. The third section explores the relationship between tone production and musical expression, discussing topics such as phrasing, dynamics, and articulation.Throughout the book, Brouillet emphasizes the importance of proper technique and practice for achieving a beautiful and expressive tone. He provides detailed instructions and exercises for developing the necessary skills, as well as numerous musical examples to illustrate his points.Despite being over a century old, The Science of Tone Production remains a valuable resource for musicians and music educators today. Its clear and concise explanations of complex concepts make it accessible to readers of all levels, while its practical advice and exercises provide a solid foundation for developing a strong and expressive musical voice.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Modern Organization: An Exposition Of The Unit System (1912) is a book written by Charles DeLano Hine. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the unit system, which is a modern organizational structure that was gaining popularity in the early 20th century. Hine explains the principles of the unit system and how it can be applied to different types of organizations, including businesses, government agencies, and non-profit organizations.The book begins with a historical overview of organizational structures and how they have evolved over time. Hine then introduces the concept of the unit system, which he describes as a more efficient and effective way of organizing work. He explains how the unit system works, including the roles of managers and employees, and how it can be used to improve productivity and reduce costs.Hine also discusses the challenges of implementing the unit system, including resistance from employees and managers who are used to traditional organizational structures. He provides practical advice on how to overcome these challenges and successfully implement the unit system.Overall, Modern Organization: An Exposition Of The Unit System (1912) is a valuable resource for anyone interested in organizational theory and management. It provides a detailed explanation of the unit system and its benefits, as well as practical advice on how to implement it in different types of organizations.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The progressive development of man is vitally dependent on invention. It is the most important product of his creative brain. Its ultimate purpose is the complete mastery of mind over the material world, the harnessing of the forces of nature to human needs. This is the difficult task of the inventor who is often misunderstood and unrewarded. But he finds ample compensation in the pleasing exercises of his powers and in the knowledge of being one of that exceptionally privileged class without whom the race would have long ago perished in the bitter struggle against pitiless elements. Speaking for myself, I have already had more than my full measure of this exquisite enjoyment, so much that for many years my life was little short of continuous rapture. I am credited with being one of the hardest workers and perhaps I am, if thought is the equivalent of labor, for I have devoted to it almost all of my waking hours. But if work is interpreted to be a definite performance in a specified time according to a rigid rule, then I may be the worst of idlers. Every effort under compulsion demands a sacrifice of life-energy. I never paid such a price. On the contrary, I have thrived on my thoughts.

Written partly in response to Social Darwinism and in particular to Thomas H. Huxley's nineteenth-century essay, "The Struggle for Existence," Kropotkin's book drew on his experiences in scientific expeditions in Siberia to illustrate the phenomenon of cooperation. After examining the evidence of cooperation in nonhuman animals, pre-feudal societies, in medieval cities, and in modern times, he concludes that cooperation and mutual aid are the most important factors in the evolution of the species and the ability to survive.

"Old-Time Makers of Medicine" is a book written by James J. Walsh. James Joseph Walsh (1865¿1942) was an American physician, historian, and author known for his works in the history of medicine and science.Published in 1911, "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" likely explores the lives and contributions of influential figures in the history of medicine. The book could feature biographical sketches and narratives about notable physicians, surgeons, and medical thinkers from earlier periods.If you have an interest in the history of medicine and want to learn about the individuals who played significant roles in shaping the field, "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" by James J. Walsh might provide valuable insights into the lives and contributions of key figures in the development of medical knowledge and practices.

"Mr. Spaceship" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in Imagination in January 1953, and later in The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick. The story is set in the distant future, where humanity is at war with "Yuks", an alien life form which does not use mechanical spaceships nor constructions but instead relies on life forms to power their technology. The war has been going on for a long time and humanity has not been able to come up with a solution against the life-form based ships and mines that the Yuks use. One day a team of researchers led by Philip Kramer decide to build a spaceship which is powered by a human brain and they find the ideal candidate in Kramer's old professor, a dying man who volunteers to donate his brain to the project.

"Memory: How to Develop, Train and Use It" is a book written by William Walker Atkinson. William Walker Atkinson (1862¿1932) was an American author, editor, and attorney who wrote extensively on New Thought and self-help topics. The book focuses on memory improvement and techniques for developing and utilizing memory effectively.Published in the early 20th century, "Memory: How to Develop, Train and Use It" is a self-help guide that likely provides practical advice, exercises, and strategies for enhancing one's memory. Atkinson may have drawn on psychological principles and memory training methods available during his time.While the specific techniques may reflect the understanding of memory from the early 1900s, the book could still contain valuable insights and methods for those interested in memory improvement. If you're interested in the history of self-help literature or exploring different approaches to memory enhancement, Atkinson's work might be of interest.

/9791041985265MToxicology (¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ poison, and ¿¿¿¿¿ discourse,) is that branch of medical science which treats of the nature, properties, and effects of poisons. It appears scarcely possible to give any definition of a poison which will bear a critical examination; insomuch that some have preferred to deal with the evil effects of any substance, that is poisoning, rather than with the substance itself, the so-called poison. Most medicines are poisonous in improper doses; and even common salt (chloride of sodium) has caused death. Dr. Guy defines a poison to be any substance which, when applied to the body externally, or in any way introduced into the system, without acting mechanically, but by its own inherent qualities, is capable of destroying life. A cherrystone may cause death by becoming arrested in the vermiform appendix, and thus producing peritonitis; boiling water may cause death also; but neither are poisons: the one acting mechanically, the other by its heat merely.

"Medieval Medicine" is a book written by James J. Walsh. James Joseph Walsh (1865¿1942) was an American physician, historian, and author, known for his works in the history of medicine and science. "Medieval Medicine" likely explores the practices, beliefs, and advancements in the field of medicine during the medieval period.Published in 1920, the book may provide insights into how medical knowledge and practices evolved during the Middle Ages, covering aspects such as medical treatments, surgical techniques, and the prevailing beliefs about health and illness during that time.If you are interested in the history of medicine, particularly during medieval times, James J. Walsh's "Medieval Medicine" could offer a valuable perspective on the state of medical science in that historical period.

"Lone Star Planet" is a science fiction novel written by H. Beam Piper. The book, also known by its alternate title "A Planet for Texans," was first published in 1957. H. Beam Piper was an American science fiction author known for his contributions to the genre during the mid-20th century."Lone Star Planet" is a satirical and humorous science fiction novel set on a distant planet called New Texas. The story revolves around the protagonist, Stephen Silk, who is assigned as the ambassador to New Texas. The planet is populated by rugged and eccentric individuals who are fiercely independent and uphold their own brand of justice.The novel blends elements of science fiction with political satire, exploring themes of governance, individualism, and the clash of cultures. H. Beam Piper's wit and storytelling style make "Lone Star Planet" an entertaining read for fans of classic science fiction.

"Makers of Modern Medicine" is a book written by James J. Walsh. James Joseph Walsh (1865¿1942) was an American physician, historian, and author, known for his works in the history of medicine and science.Published in 1927, "Makers of Modern Medicine" likely profiles key figures and contributors to the field of medicine, highlighting their achievements and the impact they had on the development of modern medical practices. The book could cover a range of medical pioneers from various periods, providing insights into the evolution of medical knowledge and practices.If you are interested in the history of medicine and the individuals who played crucial roles in shaping the field, "Makers of Modern Medicine" by James J. Walsh could be a valuable resource. It may offer biographical information and historical context, showcasing the progress and challenges in the world of medicine up to the early 20th century.

"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" is a seminal work written by Charles Darwin. First published in 1859, this book represents a landmark in the field of biology and is considered one of the most important scientific works ever written.In "On the Origin of Species," Charles Darwin presents his theory of evolution by natural selection. The central idea is that species evolve over time through the differential survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits. Darwin provides a wealth of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including paleontology, embryology, and biogeography, to support his theory.The publication of this book had profound implications for the understanding of the diversity of life on Earth and challenged prevailing scientific and religious views at the time. Darwin's work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology and continues to influence scientific thought to this day.

For some years, much of my leisure time has been devoted to the study of the anatomy, development, and habits of the Annulosa, and especially of Insects, on which subjects I have published various memoirs, chiefly in the Transactions of the Royal, Linnæan, and Entomological Societies: of these papers I subjoin a list. Although the details, of which these memoirs necessarily for the most part consist, offer little interest, excepting to those persons who are specially devoted to Entomology, still there are portions which, having reference to the nature of metamorphoses and to the origin of insects, are of a more general character. I have also briefly referred to these questions in a Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura, recently published by the Ray Society, and in the Opening Address to the Biological Section of the British Association at Brighton in 1872. Under these circumstances, it has been suggested to me that a small volume, containing, at somewhat greater length, in a more accessible form, and with the advantage of illustrations, the conclusions to which I have been led on this interesting subject, might not be altogether without interest to the general reader. The result, which has already appeared in the pages of _Nature_, is now submitted to the public, with some additions. I am well aware that it has no pretence to be in any sense a complete treatise; that the subject itself is one as to which our knowledge is still very incomplete, and on which the highest authorities are much divided in opinion. Whatever differences of opinion, however, there may be as to the views here put forward, the facts on which they are based will, I believe, be found correct. On this point I speak with the more confidence, on account of the valuable assistance I have received from many friends: to Mr. and Mrs. Busk and Dr. Hooker I am especially indebted.

"How to Read Human Nature" is a book written by William Walker Atkinson. Published in the early 20th century, Atkinson's work often delves into topics related to New Thought philosophy, mysticism, and self-help. "How to Read Human Nature" likely explores the art of understanding and interpreting human behavior and characteristics.William Walker Atkinson was a prolific writer and one of the key figures in the New Thought movement. His writings often blended elements of psychology, philosophy, and spirituality. In this particular book, readers can expect insights into human behavior, personality traits, and potentially methods for better understanding and interacting with others.As with many works from this period, the content may reflect the cultural and philosophical ideas prevalent during the early 1900s. If you have an interest in the historical development of self-help literature or the New Thought movement, "How to Read Human Nature" could provide an interesting perspective from that era. Keep in mind that the scientific rigor of such works may vary, and the ideas presented may be more reflective of the beliefs of the time than contemporary psychological understanding.

Since Logic derives from postulates, it never has, and never will, change a postulate. And a religious belief is a system of postulates ... so how can a man fight a native superstition with logic? Or anything else ...?Miles Gilbert watched the landscape slide away below him, its quilt of rounded treetops mottled red and orange in the double sunlight and, in shaded places, with the natural yellow of the vegetation of Kwannon. The aircar began a slow swing to the left, and Gettler Alpha came into view, a monstrous smear of red incandescence with an optical diameter of two feet at arm's length, slightly flattened on the bottom by the western horizon. In another couple of hours it would be completely set, but by that time Beta, the planet's G-class primary, would be at its midafternoon hottest. He glanced at his watch. It was 1005, but that was Galactic Standard Time, and had no relevance to anything that was happening in the local sky. It did mean, though, that it was five minutes short of two hours to 'cast-time. He snapped on the communication screen in front of him, and Harry Walsh, the news editor, looked out of it at him from the office in Bluelake, halfway across the continent. He wanted to know how things were going.

The ancients laid down the laws of literary form in prose as well as in verse, and bequeathed to posterity works which still serve as models of excellence. Their poets and historians continue to be read for the sake of the narrative and beauty of the style; their philosophers for breadth and depth of thought; and their orators for judicious analysis and impassioned eloquence. In the exact sciences, too, the ancients were conspicuous leaders by reason of the number and magnitude of the discoveries which they made. You have only to think of Euclid and his "Elements," of Apollonius and his Conics, of Eratosthenes and his determination of the earth's circumference, of Archimedes and his mensuration of the sphere, and of the inscription on Plato's Academy, Let none ignorant of geometry enter my door, to realize the fondness of the Greek mind for abstract truth and its suppleness and ingenuity in mathematical investigation. But the sciences of observation did not advance with equal pace; nor was this to be expected, as time is an essential element in experimentation and in the collection of data, both of which are necessary for the framing of theories in explanation of natural phenomena.

In order to emphasise the importance of the reforms introduced into astronomy by Kepler, it will be well to sketch briefly the history of the theories which he had to overthrow. In very early times it must have been realised that the sun and moon were continually changing their places among the stars. The day, the month, and the year were obvious divisions of time, and longer periods were suggested by the tabulation of eclipses. We can imagine the respect accorded to the Chaldaean sages who first discovered that eclipses could be predicted, and how the philosophers of Mesopotamia must have sought eagerly for evidence of fresh periodic laws. Certain of the stars, which appeared to wander, and were hence called planets, provided an extended field for these speculations. Among the Chaldaeans and Babylonians the knowledge gradually acquired was probably confined to the priests and utilised mainly for astrological prediction or the fixing of religious observances.

"Little Brother" is a novel written by Cory Doctorow. The book, published in 2008, falls within the science fiction and young adult genres. It explores themes of technology, privacy, civil liberties, and the consequences of living in a surveillance society.The story follows a teenage protagonist named Marcus Yallow, who becomes a key figure in a fight against increased government surveillance and the erosion of civil liberties after a terrorist attack in San Francisco. Marcus employs his technological skills to resist the oppressive measures implemented by authorities, leading to a narrative that raises questions about security, freedom, and the balance between the two.Cory Doctorow, known for his advocacy of digital rights and open access, brings his expertise and concerns about technology and its societal impact into the narrative. "Little Brother" has gained recognition for its thought-provoking exploration of contemporary issues, making it a relevant and engaging read, particularly for young adult audiences.

We live in and form part of a system of things of immense diversity and perplexity, which we call Nature; and it is a matter of the deepest interest to all of us that we should form just conceptions of the constitution of that system and of its past history. With relation to this universe, man is, in extent, little more than a mathematical point; in duration but a fleeting shadow; he is a mere reed shaken in the winds of force. But as Pascal long ago remarked, although a mere reed, he is a thinking reed; and in virtue of that wonderful capacity of thought, he has the power of framing for himself a symbolic conception of the universe, which, although doubtless highly imperfect and inadequate as a picture of the great whole, is yet sufficient to serve him as a chart for the guidance of his practical affairs. It has taken long ages of toilsome and often fruitless labour to enable man to look steadily at the shifting scenes of the phantasmagoria of Nature, to notice what is fixed among her fluctuations, and what is regular among her apparent irregularities; and it is only comparatively lately, within the last few centuries, that the conception of a universal order and of a definite course of things, which we term the course of Nature, has emerged.

The literature of Botany can be traced back to a quite respectable antiquity, to the period of Aristotle (b.c. 384-322) who seems to have been the first to write of plants from the truly botanical point of view. Unfortunately, his special treatise on plants¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿is lost; and although there are many botanical passages scattered throughout his other writings (which have been collected by Wimmer, Phytologiae Aristotelicae Fragmenta, 1836), yet none of them gives any indication of what his ideas of classification may have been. An echo of them is perhaps to be found in the works of his favourite pupil, Theophrastus Eresius (b.c. 371-286), who among all his fellows was the most successful in pursuing the botanical studies that they had begun under the guidance of the master. Theophrastus left behind him two important, though incomplete, treatises on plants, the oldest that have survived: the more familiar Latin titles of which are De Historia Plantarum and [De Causis Plantarum]. The latter is essentially physiological, touching upon agriculture to a certain extent: the former is mainly morphological, structural, descriptive, and it is here that the first attempt at a classification of plants is to be found. In writing the Historia, Theophrastus was endeavouring, as a Greek philosopher rather than as a botanist, to "give account of" plants; and in order to do so he found it necessary to arrange them in some kind of order.

It is the wire age. Modern life, in all its intricate bearings, runs on wire. Wire everywhere; in the heavens above, the earth beneath and the waters under the earth. In all the legerdemain of science, which has put nature in bondage, wire is the indispensable agent. A curious, slow, finical little trade at which the smiths of forgotten races toiled and pottered and ruined their eyesight for unnumbered thousands of years has become, within less than a century, under the spur of modern need and modern driving power, the pack-bearer of the world and the mainspring of every activity from the cradle to the grave. Wire still makes toys and gewgaws as it always did, but it is no longer the plaything of vanity alone. Cancel wire and wire rope and their concomitant, ¿flat wire,¿ from the inventory of human assets tomorrow, and the world would stop stock-still.

"Man's Place in the Universe" is a book written by Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist, biologist, and co-discoverer of the theory of evolution by natural selection. The book, published in 1903, explores Wallace's thoughts on the significance of humanity in the context of the cosmos.In "Man's Place in the Universe," Wallace discusses topics related to the nature of the universe, evolution, and the unique attributes of human beings. He considers philosophical and scientific questions about the place of humans in the grand scheme of existence, addressing both the biological aspects of evolution and the broader implications for human consciousness and purpose.Alfred Russel Wallace's work contributed significantly to the development of evolutionary theory, and "Man's Place in the Universe" reflects his broader interests in natural philosophy. The book provides insights into the worldview of a prominent 19th-century naturalist and the intellectual climate of the time.

""Ivory and the Elephant: In Art, in Archaeology and in Science"" is a comprehensive book written by George Frederick Kunz. The book delves into the history, cultural significance, and scientific properties of ivory and elephants. It explores ivory's use in art, from ancient times to the present day, and its role in the development of human civilization. The book also covers the archaeological evidence of elephants and their importance in various cultures throughout history. Additionally, the book discusses the biology and behavior of elephants, as well as their conservation status and the impact of ivory trade on their populations. The author draws on his extensive knowledge of gemology and mineralogy to provide a detailed analysis of the physical and chemical properties of ivory. Overall, ""Ivory and the Elephant"" is an informative and engaging read for anyone interested in the history, culture, and science of ivory and elephants.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""Beginnings of Faith and Science"" by Ezra Morgan Wood is a comprehensive book that explores the intersection of faith and science. The author delves into the origins of both faith and science, tracing their development from ancient times to the present day. The book examines how these two seemingly disparate fields have influenced and enriched each other over the centuries, and how they continue to shape our understanding of the world around us.Wood's book covers a wide range of topics, including the historical relationship between religion and science, the role of faith in scientific discovery, and the impact of scientific advances on religious beliefs. The author also explores the ways in which faith and science can be reconciled, and how they can work together to create a more complete understanding of the universe.Throughout the book, Wood draws on a variety of sources, including religious texts, scientific literature, and historical documents, to provide a nuanced and thoughtful analysis of the complex relationship between faith and science. The book is written in a clear and accessible style, making it an ideal resource for anyone interested in exploring this fascinating topic.Overall, ""Beginnings of Faith and Science"" is a valuable and insightful book that offers a fresh perspective on the relationship between faith and science. Whether you are a scientist, a theologian, or simply someone interested in exploring the big questions of life, this book is sure to provide you with a wealth of new insights and perspectives.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.