Energi

Energi har siden tidernes morgen sat rammerne for den menneskelige civilisations udvikling.Fra det første bål til drømmen om fusion har menneskets og energiens historie flettet sig tæt sammen. Dette er historien om, hvordan mennesket med opfindsomhed og skæbnesvangert vovemod har sprængt alle rammer. Og skabt en fantastisk civilisation drevet af fossil energi, som har ændret klimaet fatalt.En episk fortælling om, hvordan mennesket lærte at beherske energien, overtog verden og forandrede planeten.”Den store fortælling om det hjørne, vi har malet os selv op i.” - Mathilde Walter Clark ”Den fascinerende historie om, hvordan mennesket gennem tiden har gjort energi til vores slave - og om, hvordan vi undervejs selv er blevet slaver af energien.” - Bo LidegaardUdgivelsen er støttet Carlsbergfondet

Biodiesel, the sustainable fuel of the future, holds the key to a cleaner, greener world. Advanced Biodiesel - Technological Advances, Challenges, and Sustainability Considerations takes you on a compelling journey through cutting-edge advancements in biodiesel technology, offering an unparalleled exploration of its production, refining, and transformative applications. This book unveils the collective wisdom and vision of pioneers in the field who are shaping the future of sustainable energy. Whether you are a seasoned researcher, an aspiring scientist, or simply an eco-conscious individual, this book is an invaluable resource to inspire and guide your efforts to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and pave the way for a more sustainable, environmentally responsible world. Discover the future of energy; embrace Advanced Biodiesel - Technological Advances, Challenges, and Sustainability Considerations today and join the movement towards a brighter, cleaner tomorrow.

Kloden bliver varmere, vejret er mere ekstremt, og samfund og levevis trues. Det er en stor historie om både fantastiske og forfærdelige fremskridt, der har skabt de klimagasser, vi har ledt ud i atmosfæren de seneste 200 år. Hvordan kom det så vidt? Mennesket spiller hovedrollen i fortællingen om klimaforandringerne. Den handler om os alle, om hverdagslivets forandringer og om de gode og behagelige liv, som energien fra fossile brændsler har udvirket. Centralt står byerne med myldrende markeder og købelystne mennesker, der har udviklet og udvekslet ideer, teknologier og trends.I Den sorte omstilling. Fossile brændsler og livet i byerne fortæller eksperter om den sorte omstillings danske hverdagshistorie fra midten af 1800-tallet til i dag. Kul, olie og gas har fundamentalt forandret vores måde at leve på. Det gælder tøj, huse og mad og i det hele taget, hvordan vi bor, køber varer og transporterer os selv.

A Different Energy stands as a testament to the enduring wisdom and strength of Caribbean women. It sounds a call for a more diverse, inclusive and equitable development of one of the world's most male-dominated domains: the oil and gas industry.Over the last decade, as global energy has become hyper-focused on the Southern Caribbean, the role and opinions of local women have too often been overlooked. In this compelling, first-of-its-kind book, award-winning lawyer-turned-writer Celeste Mohammed remedies that omission.In powerful, eye-opening portraits of eight Trini, Surinamese and Guyanese women who are employed in the Caribbean oil and gas industry, Mohammed uses a range of styles to keep the gender conversation refreshingly candid, often humorous, and always thought-provoking.With a voice both earnest and confiding, intellectual and intimate, this book's commentary and analysis extract from the women's stories lessons for any woman seeking to defy odds, shatter stereotypes, and forge paths in a business culture which underestimates her.

Tackling energy inverter ponders includes utilizing the abilities of cutting edge energy inverter innovations to change and upgrade energy use. Energy inverters assume a critical part in the cutting edge energy scene, working with the change of electrical energy between various structures and making it conceivable to coordinate environmentally friendly power sources into existing power frameworks flawlessly.One of the vital marvels of energy inverters lies in their capacity to change over direct current (DC) into rotating current (AC) as well as the other way around. This change is fundamental for different applications, particularly in sustainable power frameworks where sunlight based chargers and wind turbines produce DC power. Energy inverters empower the reconciliation of this sustainable power into the ordinary AC network, guaranteeing a smooth and productive progression of power.Sustainable power frameworks, for example, sun oriented photovoltaic (PV) establishments, frequently experience changes in energy creation because of atmospheric conditions. Energy inverters address this test by giving matrix solidness through advancements like Most extreme Power Point Following (MPPT). MPPT advances the energy reaping from sunlight powered chargers by changing the electrical working point to extricate the most extreme power accessible, much under shifting daylight conditions. Moreover, energy inverters add to matrix flexibility by supporting functionalities like islanding. In case of a matrix blackout, certain high level inverters can detach from the network and keep on driving nearby loads, framing a microgrid. This ability is especially significant for upgrading the unwavering quality and versatility of energy frameworks, guaranteeing persistent power supply in basic circumstances.The marvels of energy inverters additionally reach out to the domain of energy stockpiling. Related to batteries, inverters empower the productive stockpiling and recovery of power, adding to the developing significance of energy stockpiling arrangements. This is especially important in dealing with the discontinuous idea of environmentally friendly power sources, permitting overabundance energy created during busy times to be put away for use during times of low energy creation. Shrewd network combination is one more exceptional part of saddling energy inverter ponders. High level inverters furnished with correspondence abilities can effectively take part in framework the executives. They can give continuous information, answer network signals, and even add to lattice solidness through functionalities like responsive power control. This association improves the general productivity and dependability of the power lattice.

How will the world produce more, cleaner energy? Climate communications expert Richard Black sets out a vision for the future which could benefit us all.Coal, oil and gas provide four-fifths of the energy that powers our modern world. But continuing to burn them will mean wrecking the only planet we have. Is there a way out?In The Future of Energy, journalist and analyst Richard Black argues that there is, and that the transition to a clean energy world is already underway. He shows that with just five key technologies we can replace the burning of fossil fuels almost entirely, as quickly as society decides.Doing so will do much more than halt climate change. The transition will bring cheaper energy, cleaner air, and more jobs. It will remove some of the factors behind oppression, injustice, and conflict. And it is supported by an overwhelming majority of the world’s population. This may not be the story of energy that you hear most about from politicians, business leaders and journalists, but it is the one that matters.

Transport and diffusion processes are central in numerous scientific and technical applications. Prominent examples are the temperature distribution in continuous media, the flow of liquids or gases, the dynamics of reaction-diffusion systems, or the concentration distributions in mixtures. The theoretical and numerical description of these systems is based on partial differential equations. The theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a frame to derive these equations from basic conservation laws and first principles. The first part of the textbook discusses the concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and its generalization to systems in local equilibrium. Thermodynamic fluxes are defined and caused by generalized forces. Finally, linear relations, the Onsager relations, between fluxes and forces allow for a closed description. In this way, conservation equations for mass (continuity), momentum (Euler or Navier-Stokes), and energy (temperature) are derived and solved analytically or numerically for several examples. The second part is based on the kinetic gas theory describing a classical many particle system. At the example of a perfect gas the conservation equations derived phenomenologically in the first part are thereby put on statistical grounds. The textbook addresses advanced Bachelor or Master students of physics, mechanical engineering and applied mathematics.

The book "Hybrid Nanostructured Electrodes For Smart Electronics" is a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field of smart electronics, with a specific focus on hybrid nanostructured electrodes. This book covers a wide range of topics related to energy storage, energy conversion, and nanoelectronics. The book cover into various types of energy storage devices, such as electrochemical capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, and discusses the different types of nanomaterials used as electrode materials, including conducting polymers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides. It also explores the field of energy conversion, covering solar cells, including dye-sensitized, perovskite, quantum dot, and organic solar cells. The book also includes the latest developments in nanoelectronics, field-effect transistors, biosensors, gas sensors, flexible electronics, wearable electronics, and the Internet of Things. The book emphasizes the importance of biocompatibility and biomimicry in the design of smart electronic devices. The book further discusses various surface functionalization techniques, such as electrospinning, electrodeposition, sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, microwave irradiation, photolithography, spin coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, microfabrication, and microfluidics. Lastly, the book explores energy harvesting, including thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric materials, triboelectric materials, and electrochromic materials. Overall, the book is a must-read for researchers and professionals in the field of smart electronics, as well as students who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

In the last few decades, energy usage and demand has been increased by many folds due to rising population growth and the industrial revolution. According to the recent United Nations report, the current world population 7.7 billion, and it may reach to 8.6 billion in the year 2030 and 9.8 billion in the year 2050. So, there is an ever-increasing energy need in the coming years, due to population growth and the industrial revolution. However, due to the increasing living standards of the population in developing countries, the energy requirement will get doubled in the next few decades. At present, nearly 80% of the global energy demand is met from fossil fuels, which are the non-renewable energy source and it leaves behind carbon footprints after usage, causing environmental pollution and climate change. On the other hand, the usage of fossil fuels emits carbon -based greenhouse gases upon usage. In the past few years, CO2 emission from fossil fuels has increased drastically, causing environmental pollution and climate change. There is an urgent need for developing materials and technologies to combat the dangerous emissions of CO2 from industrial sectors such as power generation plants, cement production, petrochemical production, aluminium, steel and plastic manufacturing industries.Hence the upcoming energy shortage and the rising concern over climate change, there is an urgent need to find clean energy alternatives. Owing to the serious concern over climate change due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel usage, environmentally friendly renewable energies are the prime choice for satisfying our future energy needs. Renewable energies on the other hand are inexhaustible and are decentralized (can be produced anywhere locally). Renewable energy is the growing energy source around the world, accounting for 40% of the increase in primary energy by 2030. Renewable energies such as solar, tidal and wind energy provide intermittent supplies of electricity, while options for large-scale storage of electricity and transportations are limited. With the rise in energy demand, energy conversion and clean energy storage technologies has become the essential approaches for the global community.

"Oxford Energy Futures 2025" is like a journey through the energy landscape of Oxford, unfolding its past, present, and future. It begins by taking us back in time, showing how energy use in Oxford has evolved. This historical perspective sets the stage for understanding the growth and changes in the city's energy consumption.Then, the book brings us into the present, shedding light on the UK's energy policies and their impact on cities like Oxford. It zooms in on solar energy, exploring its possibilities in Oxford through various projects. The narrative then takes a deeper dive into the exciting world of battery technology, which is key for harnessing solar power effectively.A significant part of the story revolves around Oxford's contributions to the UK's renewable energy ambitions. It discusses local initiatives aimed at energy conservation in homes and businesses, underscoring their benefits for both the economy and the environment.Financial aspects aren't overlooked - the book thoughtfully balances the costs and benefits of energy projects. It also explores how Oxford collaborates on energy matters, both within the city and with external partners.Highlighting Oxford's pioneering role in energy research, the book showcases innovative projects. It also emphasizes the importance of public opinion, detailing how it's gathered and factored into energy decisions.The shift to electric vehicles and the development of the necessary infrastructure is a key theme. The book doesn't shy away from discussing the risks associated with these energy policy changes and how Oxford is managing them.Looking to the future, the book outlines Oxford's ambitious plan to achieve carbon neutrality, highlighting the city's role in combatting climate change. It delves into potential local impacts of climate change and how energy planning intertwines with broader urban development strategies.Oxford's energy story is then placed in a global context, comparing it with worldwide trends. The book talks about cutting-edge technologies in the energy sector and their potential to revolutionize energy use.Education is identified as a cornerstone for these transformative changes. The narrative explores various educational programs and initiatives, as well as technologies to enhance home energy efficiency.Finally, the book presents Oxford's energy policy framework, discusses waste-to-energy technology, and identifies key challenges in the transition to sustainable energy. It stresses the importance of a fair and equitable energy transition for all community members.Concluding with scenario planning and predictive models, "Oxford Energy Futures 2025" offers a glimpse into different potential energy futures for Oxford. It wraps up with a comprehensive summary, providing a clear view of Oxford's energy landscape and its potential trajectory.

First published in 1902, this is a comprehensive guide to the production, transportation, and use of petroleum and its byproducts. Written for inspectors, engineers, and workers in the oil industry, it covers the scientific principles behind the processing of crude oil and provides guidance on safety procedures and regulatory compliance. The authors, both eminent experts in the field, also include extensive discussions of related topics such as mineral oil lamps and asphalting. This volume is a valuable resource for historians of science and technology as well as those in the oil industry today.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Many are the mysteries concerning the universe and the life that is found within it. This is also true regarding the theories (laws) that govern it. In this book we examine the most popular ones, past and present, in search of the common constant that binds life, laws, and the universe. It exposes the views of the early hominids of Africa and those of the ancient Egyptians. It includes the Assyrians, Babylonians, Chaldean and ancient Sumerians of Asia, up to the Europeans and modem, day Americans. By combining the knowledge of all of these cultures and that of mankind worldwide, a stunning conclusion is reached. The concept of "Unification" is confirmed and it is realized in "The Order of Existence."

Renewable energy refers to a type of energy that originates from natural sources, which can be replenished more quickly than their rate of consumption. Wind energy, hydroelectric power, solar energy and geothermal energy are examples of renewable energy sources. These energy sources can augment the production of electricity, thus lowering energy costs. The effectiveness of renewable energy is determined by the resources which are utilized. Some renewable energy sources, such as wind and sunlight, are more efficient and widely available than others, whereas renewable sources of energy such as geothermal energy are available in some selected places only. The projects involving renewable energy are usually large-scale and are appropriate for remote and rural areas. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to renewable energy sources. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. For all readers who are interested in the engineering and technology of renewable energy sources, the studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Tribology and Sustainability brings a vision of promoting a greener, cleaner and eco-friendly environment by highlighting sustainable solutions in tribology via the development of self-lubricating materials, green additives in lubricants, natural fibre-reinforced materials and biomimetic approaches. Backed by supporting schematic diagrams, data tables and illustrations for easy understanding, the book focuses on recent advancements in tribology and sustainability. Global sustainability and regional requirements are addressed through chapters on natural composites, green lubricants, biomedical systems and wind energy systems, with a dedicated chapter on a global sustainability scenario.FEATURESHighlights sustainability via new tribological approaches and how such methods are essentialCovers the theoretical aspects of various tribological topics concerning mechanical and material designs for energy-efficient systemsIncludes practical global sustainability based on the regional requirements of tribological research and sustainable impactReviews the tribology of green lubricants, green additives and lightweight materialsDiscusses topics related to biomimetics and biotribologyTribology and Sustainability will assist researchers, professionals and graduate students in tribology, surface engineering, mechanical design and materials engineering, including mechanical, aerospace, chemical and environmental engineering.

This book focuses on latent heat storage, which is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller difference between storing and releasing temperatures.Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials is structured into four chapters that cover many aspects of thermal energy storage and their practical applications. Chapter 1 reviews selection, performance, and applications of phase change materials. Chapter 2 investigates mathematical analyses of phase change processes. Chapters 3 and 4 present passive and active applications for energy saving, peak load shifting, and price-based control heating using phase change materials.These chapters explore the hot topic of energy saving in an overarching way, and so they are relevant to all courses. This book is an ideal research reference for students at the postgraduate level. It also serves as a useful reference for electrical, mechanical, and chemical engineers and students throughout their work.FEATURESExplains the technical principles of thermal energy storage, including materials and applications in different classificationsProvides fundamental calculations of heat transfer with phase changeDiscusses the benefits and limitations of different types of phase change materials (PCM) in both micro- and macroencapsulationsReviews the mechanisms and applications of available thermal energy storage systemsIntroduces innovative solutions in hot and cold storage applications

This third volume of the handbook presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels. Following the substantial public concerns on the adverse impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels on the environment and human health, the research has intensified in the areas related to the reduction of these adverse effects. Thus, bioremediation of spills from crude oils and petrodiesel fuels at sea and soils as well as desulfurization of petrodiesel fuels have emerged as publicly important research areas. Similarly, the emissions from diesel fuel exhausts, due to their adverse effects on both human health and environment, have been researched more in recent years. These emissions cover particulate emissions, aerosol emissions, and NOx emissions. Research on the adverse impact of petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions on human health has primarily progressed along the lines of respiratory illnesses, cancer, and other illnesses, such as cardiovascular illnesses, brain illnesses, and reproductive system illnesses, through human, animal, and in vitro studies. It is clear that these illnesses caused by the petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions have been one of the most significant reasons to develop alternative biodiesel fuels. Part IX presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of crude oils covering major research fronts. It covers crude oil spills in general, crude oil spills and their cleanup, properties and removal of crude oils, biodegradation of crude oil-contaminated soils, and crude oil recovery besides an overview paper.Part X presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels in general covering major research fronts. It covers combustion of biodiesel fuels in diesel engines, bioremediation of biodiesel fuel-contaminated soils, biodiesel power generation, and desulfurization of diesel fuels besides an overview paper.Part XI presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers diesel emission mitigation, diesel particulate emissions, and diesel NOx emissions, besides an overview paper.Part XII presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of the health impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers respiratory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive system illnesses, besides an overview paper.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Public Environmental Occupational Health, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Immunology, Respiratory System, Allergy, and Oncology.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited Bioenergy and Biofuels, which brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited the Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.