Matematisk fysik

This textbook gradually introduces the reader to several topics related to black hole physics with a didactic approach. It starts with the most basic black hole solution, the Schwarzschild metric, and discusses the basic classical properties of black hole solutions as seen by different probes. Then it reviews various theorems about black hole properties as solutions to Einstein gravity coupled to matter fields, conserved charges associated with black holes, and laws of black hole thermodynamics. Next, it elucidates semiclassical and quantum aspects of black holes, which are relevant in ongoing and future research. The book is enriched with many exercises and solutions to assist in the learning.The textbook is designed for physics graduate students who want to start their research career in the field of black holes; postdocs who recently changed their research focus towards black holes and want to get up-to-date on recent and current research topics; advanced researchers intending to teach (or learn) basic and advanced aspects of black hole physics and the associated mathematical tools. Besides general relativity, the reader needs to be familiar with standard undergraduate physics, like thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. Moreover, familiarity with basic quantum field theory in Minkowski space is assumed. The book covers the rest of the needed background material in the main text or the appendices.

Dieses Lehrbuch behandelt präzise und ausführlich die klassische Elektrodynamik, wie sie für das Physik-Studium erforderlich ist. Es beginnt mit einer detaillierten Beschreibung der Maxwell-Gleichungen, so dass die Grundlagen für die verschiedenen Anwendungsgebiete geschaffen sind: Elektro- und Magnetostatik im Vakuum und in Materie und die Strahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen. Gerade der dynamischen Theorie der Röntgenstrahlung und der speziellen Relativitätstheorie wird dabei ein längerer Abschnitt eingeräumt. Zudem schlägt das Werk in vielen Bereichen eine Brücke zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen der Festkörperphysik.Die Herleitung einiger Formeln sowie weitere Fragestellungen finden sich am Ende eines jeden Kapitels in den Übungsaufgaben. Im Anhang findet sich eine umfangreiche Zusammenfassung der notwendigen mathematischen Grundlagen. In der vorliegenden vierten Auflage ist die Quantisierung des elektromagnetischen Feldes hinzugekommen.Aus dem InhaltDie Maxwell'schen Feldgleichungen ¿ Ruhende elektrische Ladungen und die Verteilung der Elektrizität auf Leitern ¿ Randwertprobleme in der Elektrostatik ¿ Magnetostatik im Vakuum ¿ Elektromagnetische Vorgänge in Materie ¿ Elektrostatik in Materie ¿ Magnetostatik in Materie ¿ Felder von bewegten Ladungen ¿ Quasistationäre Ströme ¿ Elektromagnetische Wellen ¿ Röntgenstreuung ¿ Spezielle Relativitätstheorie ¿ Kovariante Elektrodynamik ¿ Relativistische Mechanik

This new edition has been thoroughly revised, expanded and contain some updates function of the novel results and shift of scientific interest in the topics. The book has a Foreword by Jerry L. Bona and Hongqiu Chen. The book is an introduction to nonlinear waves and soliton theory in the special environment of compact spaces such a closed curves and surfaces and other domain contours. It assumes familiarity with basic soliton theory and nonlinear dynamical systems.The first part of the book introduces the mathematical concept required for treating the manifolds considered, providing relevant notions from topology and differential geometry. An introduction to the theory of motion of curves and surfaces - as part of the emerging field of contour dynamics - is given.The second and third parts discuss the modeling of various physical solitons on compact systems, such as filaments, loops and drops made of almost incompressible materials thereby intersecting with a large number of physical disciplines from hydrodynamics to compact object astrophysics.This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics and engineering.

This book is a different approach to teaching the foundations of mathematical analysis and of computation. The main idea is to delay the use of "formal definitions", which are definitions that nobody can understand without working with them. The approach of this book is to employ the history of mathematics to first develop fundamental concepts of mathematical analysis and the theory of computation and to only introduce formal definitions after the concepts are understood by the students.The historical order clarifies what analysis is really about and also why the theory of computation came about. The book provides students with a broader background involving for instance glimpses of cardinal arithmetic, predicate logic background, as well as the importance of a sound theory of the infinitesimal (which is in essence the foundations of mathematics and computation).There is a wealth of exercises and numerous graphical illustrations which give an experienced instructor lots of possibilities to select a stimulating course with a broader background. Even for just browsing by general readers, this book presents stories, insights and mathematical theories, covering a window of ancient times to the present.The book is self explanatory and self sufficient, so any staff member in the departments of mathematics or computer science can teach this course.This book will give the students the right techniques and skills to work with mathematical analysis and the theory of computation and to go on further to study more advanced courses on the subject.

Pedagogical insights gained through 30 years of teaching applied mathematics led the author to write this set of student oriented books. Topics such as complex analysis, matrix theory, vector and tensor analysis, Fourier analysis, integral transforms, ordinary and partial differential equations are presented in a discursive style that is readable and easy to follow. Numerous clearly stated, completely worked out examples together with carefully selected problem sets with answers are used to enhance students' understanding and manipulative skill. The goal is to make students comfortable and confident in using advanced mathematical tools in junior, senior, and beginning graduate courses.

"Experts Plebaânski and Krasiânski provide a thorough introduction to the tools of general relativity and relativistic cosmology, guiding advanced students through complete derivations of the results. Starting with a short course on differential geometry, the main text describes relativity as a physical theory"--

Based on Jost function theory this book presents an approach useful for different types of quantum mechanical problems. These include the description of scattering, bound, and resonant states, in a unified way. The reader finds here all that is known about Jost functions as well as what is needed to fill the gap between the pure mathematical theory and numerical calculations. Some of the topics covered are: quantum resonances, Regge poles, multichannel scattering, Coulomb interaction, Riemann surfaces, multichannel analog of the effective range theory, one- and two-dimensional problems, many-body problems within the hyperspherical approach, just to mention few of them. These topics are relevant in the fields of quantum few-body theory, nuclear reactions, atomic collisions, and low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. In light of this, the book is meant for students, who study quantum mechanics, scattering theory, or nuclear reactions at the advanced level as well as for post-graduate students and researchers in the fields of nuclear and atomic physics. Many of the arguments that are traditional for textbooks on quantum mechanics and scattering theory, are covered here in a different way, using the Jost functions. This gives the reader a new insight into the subject, revealing new features of various mathematical objects and quantum phenomena.

Interaction of Disturbances in Shear Flows aims to provide a comprehensive, in-depth overview of the current state of knowledge on the subject.Authored by a recognized expert with decades of experience and many software patents to his credit, the volume covers advances in computational fluid dynamics to showcase innovative ways to apply physical measurements and visualization patterns to solve various aero- and hydrodynamic problems. It also delves into analytical methodologies to compare and contrast with the theoretical models most commonly used in the field. Additionally, it demonstrates the significance of comprehending and managing disturbances in shear flows, discussing practical applications of the research to optimize the design of aircraft, automotive vehicles, and marine vessels, with a strong emphasis on enhancing aero- and hydrodynamic efficiency, fuel economy, and the reduction of harmful emissions.Academia and industry readers alike will find this a useful resource to equip themselves with the tools needed to understand and address practical engineering challenges encountered in their studies or work.

This book provides the rigorous mathematical foundations of Quantum Physics, from the operational meaning of the measuring process to the most recent theories for the quantum scale of space-time geometry. Topics like relativistic invariance, quantum systems with finite and infinitely many degrees of freedom, second quantisation, scattering theory, are all presented through the formalism of Operator Algebras for a precise mathematical justification.The book is targeted to graduate students and researchers in the area of theoretical/mathematical physics who want to learn about the mathematical foundations of quantum physics, as well as the mathematics students and researchers in the area of operator algebras/functional analysis who want to dive into some of the applications of the theory to physics. 

This book derives physical models from basic principles, studies the effect of equivalent models on the dynamic characteristics of phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials, and analyzes the physical mechanisms behind vibration and noise reduction. It first summarizes the research status of vibration and noise reduction, and research progress in phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials. Based on this, one-dimensional periodic beam, two-dimensional thin plate with circular hole, and corresponding gradient structures are introduced, and their dynamic characteristics are discussed in detail. Therefore, different equivalent methods for different models are proposed through theoretical analysis, modal analysis and transmission rate analysis. Finally, a Helmholtz-type acoustic metamaterial, i.e. a multi-layer slotted tube acoustic metamaterial, is studied. Aiming at the low-frequency band gap of this model, a theoretical model for solving the inverse problem of acousto-electric analogue equivalent is proposed, and the effect of structural parameters on the low-frequency band gap is studied using this equivalent model. This book closely revolves around how to conduct equivalent research on artificially fabricated periodic structures. The methods and conclusions presented in this book provide a new theoretical basis for the application of artificial woven periodic structures in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction and noise reduction and are also an innovation in the discipline of vibration and noise control. This book is suitable for undergraduate students, graduate students and teachers in vibration and noise majors in universities, and can also provide references for engineering and technical personnel in related fields. 

In addition to expanding and clarifying a number of sections of the first edition, it generalizes the analysis that eliminates the noncausal pre-acceleration so that it applies to removing any pre-deceleration as well. It also introduces a robust power series solution to the equation of motion that produces an extremely accurate solution to problems such as the motion of electrons in uniform magnetic fields.

This book offers a primer on the fundamentals and applications of the Geroch-Held-Penrose (GHP) calculus, a powerful formalism designed for spacetimes that occur frequently in the teaching of General Relativity. Specifically, the book shows in detail the power of the calculus when dealing with spherically symmetric spacetimes. After introducing the basics, a new look at all the classical spherically symmetric black hole solutions is given within the GHP formalism. This is then employed to give new insights into the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for stellar structure, including a derivation of new exact anisotropic fluid solutions. Finally, a re-writing of some essential features of black hole thermodynamics within the GHP formalism is performed. The book is based on the authors' lecture notes, used in their undergraduate and graduate lectures and while supervising their upper undergraduate and graduate students. To fully benefit from this concise primer, readers only need an undergraduate background in general relativity.

The 2nd edition of this book provides novel topics and studyies in boundaries of networks and Big Data Systems.The central theme of this book is the extent to which the structure of the free dynamical boundaries of a system controls the evolution of the system as a whole. Applying three orthogonal types of thinking - mathematical, constructivist and morphological, it illustrates these concepts using applications to selected problems from the social and life sciences, as well as economics. In a broader context, it introduces and reviews some modern mathematical approaches to the science of complex systems. Standard modeling approaches (based on non-linear differential equations, dynamic systems, graph theory, cellular automata, stochastic processes, or information theory) are suitable for studying local problems. However they cannot simultaneously take into account all the different facets and phenomena of a complex system, and new approaches are required to solve the challenging problem of correlations between phenomena at different levels and hierarchies, their self-organization and memory-evolutive aspects, the growth of additional structures and are ultimately required to explain why and how such complex systems can display both robustness and flexibility. This graduate-level text addresses a broader interdisciplinary audience, keeping the mathematical level essentially uniform throughout the book, and involving only basic elements from calculus, algebra, geometry and systems theory.  

A core principle of physics is knowledge gained from data. Thus, deep learning has instantly entered physics and may become a new paradigm in basic and applied research.This textbook addresses physics students and physicists who want to understand what deep learning actually means, and what is the potential for their own scientific projects. Being familiar with linear algebra and parameter optimization is sufficient to jump-start deep learning.Adopting a pragmatic approach, basic and advanced applications in physics research are described. Also offered are simple hands-on exercises for implementing deep networks for which python code and training data can be downloaded.

Quanto-Geometric Theory is a new modern-physics theoretical model aimed at the interpretation of dynamic systems beyond Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. It affords a natural and simple path to the long-sought effective unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. In doing so, the Theory stunningly derives the fundamental Quantum parameters, the Speed of Light and the Newton Gravitational Constant from one single mathematical-physics formalism. Furthermore Quanto-Geometry has equally delivered on the long-time elusive goal of modern physics of computing from first principles the whole suite of the other known fundamental physical constants, both dimension-less and dimensional.Quanto-Geometric Theory proposes a novel vision and true insight into the essential structure of matter and organization of life. Its impact therefore promises to outgrow the world of academic physics into positively altering human consciousness and, consequently, our relationship with our living medium we otherwise call matter.This book addresses academicians as well as the avid amateur physicists who will all find refreshing enjoyment in witnessing the unraveling of a handful of physics conundrums of all time in a clear, simple but effective and unequivocal manner.

This book offers the reader a journey through the counterintuitive nature of Brownian motion under confinement. Diffusion is a universal phenomenon that controls a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The transport of spatially-constrained molecules and small particles is ubiquitous in nature and technology and plays an essential role in different processes. Understanding the physics of diffusion under conditions of confinement is essential for a number of biological phenomena and potential technological applications in micro- and nanofluidics, among others. Studies on diffusion under confinement are typically difficult to understand for young scientists and students because of the extensive background on diffusion processes, physics, and mathematics that is required. All of this information is provided in this book, which is essentially self-contained as a result of the authors¿ efforts to make it accessible to an audience of students from avariety of different backgrounds. The book also provides the necessary mathematical details so students can follow the technical process required to solve each problem. Readers will also find detailed explanations of the main results based on the last 30 years of research devoted to studying diffusion under confinement. The authors approach the physical problem from various angles and discuss the role of geometries and boundary conditions in diffusion. This textbook serves as a comprehensive and modern overview of Brownian motion under confinement and is intended for young scientists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in physics, physical chemistry, biology, chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry, bioengineering, and polymer and material sciences.

This book studies a category of mathematical objects called Hamiltonians, which are dependent on both time and momenta. The authors address the development of the distinguished geometrization on dual 1-jet spaces for time-dependent Hamiltonians, in contrast with the time-independent variant on cotangent bundles. Two parts are presented to include both geometrical theory and the applicative models: Part One: Time-dependent Hamilton Geometry and Part Two: Applications to Dynamical Systems, Economy and Theoretical Physics. The authors present 1-jet spaces and their duals as appropriate fundamental ambient mathematical spaces used to model classical and quantum field theories. In addition, the authors present dual jet Hamilton geometry as a distinct metrical approach to various interdisciplinary problems.