Geofysik

Haben Sie sich jemals gefragt, wie Sie Ihren Freunden und Bekannten erklären können, worauf Sie sich in Ihrem naturwissenschaftlichen Fachgebiet spezialisiert haben? Und haben Sie versucht zu vermitteln, warum dieses Nischenthema unglaublich spannend ist und einen direkten Bezug zum täglichen Leben hat?Genau hier setzt dieses Buch an: Es lädt Sie ein, einen genaueren Blick auf unsere Umwelt zu werfen, ohne sich in technischen Details zu verlieren, sondern eher, um das zugrunde liegende Prinzip zu verstehen. Es bringt Ihnen die Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik näher, ganz gleich, ob sich Ihre Vorstellung von Geologie zwischen bewegenden Erdplatten, Dinosauriern und Steinen bewegt.Das Buch begleitet Sie auf einer unterhaltsamen Reise von den globalen Phänomenen des Erdmagnetfeldes bis hinunter auf die subatomare Ebene der Elektronenbewegungen in Mineralen. Es liefert Ihnen ausgewählte geologische Szenarien für dynamische geologische Prozesse unseres Erdsystems von der Entstehung von Gesteinen in ruhigen Seen bis hin zur Gebirgsbildung. Für das Verständnis sind keinerlei mathematische Formeln erforderlich, obwohl Begriffe wie Paramagnetismus, Ferromagnetismus, Koordinatentransformationen und Anisotropie erklärt werden müssen. Das Buch bedient sich anschaulicher Analogien aus dem Alltag, um komplexe Sachverhalte verständlich zu machen.Ein gelungener Einstieg in die faszinierende Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik in der Geologie für interessierte Laien, Hobby-Geolog*innen, Geowissenschaftler*innen und angrenzende Disziplinen.

Geophysics and the Energy Transition involves four sections: What is the Energy Transition and why storage so important; selecting sites for storage; advanced monitoring technology; and moving forward to integrating Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) within the Energy Transition. Geophysics will also play a role in finding and developing alternatives to fossil fuels such as natural hydrogen and geothermal using much of the knowledge gained from the CO2 storage industry. To provide the public and others with the confidence to move forward with a structured and cost-effective energy transition, this book provides the necessary evidence that we can store CO2 safely and effectively and use this as a significant component of the energy transition.¿We can also find and store new energy sources. Geophysics and the Energy Transition is written by experts in the field who have practiced the science and engineering associated with the subsurface for years. CCS is an integral component of the new energy transition but the application of Geophysics in the future will extend well beyond CCS if we are going to transition successfully to a carbon neutral environment. Science, engineering, and technology applications are important for site selection, characterization and monitoring to assure safe storage in the subsurface and energy sustainability in the future.¿

This book is about the technology of using fluid production or injection and pressure measurement signals from wellbores and relating those signals to the subsurface geology and subterranean reservoir properties. It is aimed at students of well-testing and practicing petroleum engineers or geoscience professionals for subsurface characterization and modeling.The topics include the art and science of well-test analysis, pattern recognition of rate and pressure signals, and a quantitative approach for estimating important subsurface geological parameters for subsurface aquifers and reservoirs containing oil, gas, and geothermal resources. The book is also particularly of value as a guide to asset managers actively developing unconventional reservoirs and CCUS.

This book contains the papers selected by the Scientific Committee and represented at the XIII International Conference "Solar-Terrestrial Relations and Physics of Earthquake Precursors", which was hold at the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kamchatka. The papers describe the investigation results in the fields of atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere physics. Mechanisms of transformation of solar wind energy into the energy of magnetospheric-ionospheric processes, effects of the processes in the Earth core on the lower and upper atmosphere, seismo-electromagnetic, seismo-electric and seismo-acoustic effects at different frequency ranges in the Earth crust, atmosphere and ionosphere are under consideration. Modern methods for geophysical data collection, processing, transfer and exchange as well as organisation issues of seismic activity monitoring are presented.The Conference "Solar-Terrestrial Relations and Physics of Earthquake Precursors" has 25 years of history. Scientists from Russia, Japan, Hungary, China, India, USA and other countries participate in it. In a traditional way, the Conference includes three sections: atmosphere physics, geophysical fields and their interaction, physics of earthquake precursors.

This textbook presents the principles and methods for the measurement of radioactivity in the environment. In this regard, specific low-level radiation counting and spectrometry or mass spectrometry techniques are discussed, including sources, distribution, levels and dynamics of radioactivity in nature. The author gives an accurate description of the fundamental concepts and laws of radioactivity as well as the different types of detectors and mass spectrometers needed for detection. Special attention is paid to scintillators, semiconductor detectors, and gas ionization detectors. In order to explain radiochemistry, some concepts about chemical separations are introduced as well. The book is meant for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry or engineering oriented to environmental sciences, and to other disciplines where monitoring of the environment and its management is of great interest.

This volume proposes an integral approach to studying the geophysics of Earth. It is motivated by a variety of phenomena from nature with deep and direct impacts in our lives. Such events may evolve across a large range of spatial and time scales and may be observed in the ocean, the atmosphere, the volcanic surface as well as underground.The physical laws dictating the evolution of such phenomena lead to the unifying theme of this manuscript, that is, the mathematical and computational modeling of flows and waves. Consequently, the underlying models are given in terms of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) whose solutions are approximated using numerical methods, thus providing simulations of the aforementioned phenomena, as well as the appropriate geophysical validation and interpretation.

The book presents the most relevant research of the participants of the VII International Conference of Young Scientists "Complex Investigation of the World Ocean" (CIWO-2023). This conference was held at Saint Petersburg State University in May 15-19, 2023 (Saint Petersburg, Russia). It covers a wide range of fundamental and applied marine and limnology studies combined in eight sections: Ocean Physics, Ocean Biology, Ocean Chemistry, Marine Geology, Marine Geophysics, Marine Ecology and Environmental Management, Physical and Biological interactions (interdisciplinary section), Oceanological Technology and Instrumentation. The aim of this book is to show the relevance of the marine research due to the crucial role of the World Ocean in determining climate change on Earth, huge resources (fish resources, oil, gas and ore deposits, etc.) and intensive development of infrastructure in coastal and offshore zones. All these topics were marked within the framework of realization of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The studies presented in the book covers the wide spectrum of different the most important marine and limnology issues: thermohaline structure of water body and interactions between ocean and atmosphere, dynamic of the ocean, marine ice in polar regions, biodiversity of the marine ecosystems, adaptation of marine life to climate changes, geological and geophysical investigations in oil and gas regions, sedimentation, paleooceanology and biostratigraphy, hydrochemistry of estuary regions and carbon fluxes, microplastic pollution of the ocean, eutrophication and etc.

This book encompasses the most challenging topics in earthquake engineering and seismology aiming at seismic risk reduction and reveals the outstanding progresses made in Europe in the past four years. Earthquakes pose a significant threat to countries around the world. But, equipped with the right knowledge and tools, engineers and seismologists can support policy and decision makers and building officials in creating a safer future for all of us. In this paradigm, the Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (3ECEES) is organized in Bucharest (Romania) in September 2022 by the Romanian Association for Earthquake Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest and National Institute for Earth Physics. This outstanding scientific event is the third in a series started in 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland and continued in 2014 in Istanbul, Turkey.The papers included in this book are written by the most prominent contemporary European scholars in the two-folded fields of 3ECEES. The Distinguished Nicholas Ambraseys, along with 28 invited lectures providing the best knowledge in the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology, are shared with the general readership of this book. The book is organized in three parts, as follows: (1) Seismicity, engineering seismology and seismic hazard, (2) Seismic risk assessment and mitigation, and (3) Structural earthquake engineering. The 29 contributed papers for this book are shared among these three parts almost equally.Chapter "e;The Challenge of the Integrated Seismic Strengthening and Environmental Upgrading of Existing Buildings"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Managing Disaster Risks to Cultural Heritage presents case studies from different regions in the world and establishes a framework for understanding, identifying, and analysing disaster risks to immovable cultural heritage.

Python wird in einer Vielzahl geowissenschaftlicher Anwendungen eingesetzt, z. B. bei der Verarbeitung von Bildern für die Fernerkundung, bei der Erstellung und Verarbeitung digitaler Höhenmodelle und bei der Analyse von Zeitreihen. Dieses Buch führt in Methoden der Datenanalyse in den Geowissenschaften mit Python ein, darunter grundlegende Statistiken für univariate, bivariate und multivariate Datensätze, Zeitreihenanalyse und Signalverarbeitung, die Analyse räumlicher und gerichteter Daten sowie die Bildanalyse. Der Text enthält zahlreiche Beispiele, die zeigen, wie Python auf Datensätze aus den Geowissenschaften angewendet werden kann. Das ergänzende elektronische Material (online verfügbar über Springer Link) enthält neben den Beispieldaten auch Rezepte, die alle im Buch vorgestellten Python-Befehle enthalten.

This book provides the basic know-how and guidance to effectively exploit non-destructive geophysical technologies and apply them in the underground mining environment to optimise mineral extraction and to contribute to safer mining. The effective application of these technologies can enable a better understanding of the unseen orebody and the surrounding rock mass ahead of the mining face; the potential benefits of applying in-mine geophysics is demonstrated through a selection of case studies conducted in deep-level hard rock mines in South Africa. This book also offers valuable insight and training material for students in a variety of relevant mining disciplines like geology, rock engineering, mining engineering, mine planning and mineral resource management.

Archaeoseismic research provides data and information on past earthquakes but is limited by the lack of ongoing discussions about methodology. This volume is an interdisciplinary approach including archaeologists, geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, engineers, and architects from different countries to present a comprehensive recording and interpretation of ancient natural disasters on some case studies. The publication is an introduction to various aspects of the field of archaeoseismology for the knowledge of past seismicity, the reconstruction of the chronological history of a place, the interpretation and identification of seismic effects using different methods, etc. The collection provides an overview of research into archaeoseismology, making new contributions through innovative ideas on various topics. The publication can be an illustrative introduction to better understand the complexity of interpreting seismic effects on ancient and modern masonries, particularly for students with an open mind.

This book presents an in-depth review of El Hierro Island, the youngest and most southwesterly volcano of the Canary Islands. In October 2011, a submarine eruption started offshore El Hierro Island. The 2011¿2012 El Hierro eruption has probably been the best monitored and studied submarine eruption to date and has sparked interest in the study of this young ocean island volcano. During the last decade, multidisciplinary investigations, e.g., on the geological and volcanological character of its past and latest onshore and offshore eruptions, the geophysical and geochemical signatures of its magmatic plumbing system structure and dynamics, as well as the bio-geophysical interactions and consequences of submarine eruptions in the ocean, have been conducted. This book provides an authoritative review of many of these scientific advances as well as multiple remaining unknowns for the study of El Hierro Island and its 2011¿2012 submarine eruption. Such knowledge should be of great interestto specialists not only in the Canary Islands volcanism but also in similar ocean island intraplate volcanoes.

"This edition of Introduction to Applied Geophysics from Cambridge University Press is a re-issue of the W.W. Norton edition (2006). This classic textbook covers the fundamental methods of exploration geophysics in a depth and style both challenging and appropriate to undergraduates, and is supported by an extensive package of software"--

Earth Observation: Sustainable Development Perspectives offers expert insights into the latest progress made in terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric processes, and their inter-linkage in the face of changing climate using earth observation. Reviewing contemporary research, this volume addresses various challenges faced in agricultural research and education, crop production forecasting, agroforestry, floriculture, horticulture, crop insurance and marine resources utilization for sustainable development in the warming world. The editors examine the advances made in understanding the changing dynamics of various ecosystems such as land use, water resources, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. In addition, the book addresses ocean-atmosphere interactions, modes of climate variations such as, El Nino and Indian Ocean dipole, extreme events, tropical cyclone, summer monsoon and distribution of organic matter and interlinks among various ocean-atmosphere phenomena. The use of advanced data sets, measurements techniques, modeling and analytics protocols, analyses methods and interpretations are also discussed.

This book deals with the role of emerging technologies such as remote sensing and GIS and artificial intelligence/machine learning in water supply, conservation and management for sustainable development. These are low-cost new technologies that address current challenges dealing with large data sets, such as identifying spatial and temporal variations in water quality parameters and contaminants, groundwater potential zones and water supply and management issues. This book is helpful to show the paths of reducing the burden of time and cost and is the alternative options for the conventional practices in water supply, conservation and management. Further, the outcomings of this book are helpful for policy makers, researchers and readers.