Geofysik

Earth's climate is changing. This book investigates the scientific, environmental, social, political, and economic aspects of climate change. It enables students to reach an informed opinion and encourages active engagement in finding solutions.It begins with a strong introduction to the scientific factors that drive natural and anthropogenic climate change and expands over three chapters to explore the impact of greenhouse gases on the distribution of solar energy across land, sea, ice, and air. The author examines geologically ancient climates in order to highlight possible future scenarios, and case studies from around the world highlight the impact of climate change on the physical and human environment. The final chapters investigate how society can respond to the challenges of climate change and overcome the political, social, and economic factors that are barriers to progress, focusing on the role of energy policy, fiscal policy, and risk assessment as a means to stimulate discussion about science, society, and the role of the media. Science is the foundation of any solution, but to turn this knowledge into action requires the application of a broad set of skills that are rooted in the liberal arts experience such as critical thinking, analytical thinking, problem solving, and communication.This textbook will be an essential resource for students taking courses in environmental geography, climate change, natural hazards, climatology, and meteorology.

This book contains a collection of papers from the special issue on the global perspective on meteotsunami science, published in Vol. 106 (2) of the journal Natural Hazards. By topic, the contributions are covering overview studies, case studies of actual events, introduction of new insights into meteotsunami modelling, new techniques in meteotsunami monitoring and detection, and those describing meteotsunami operational and forecast systems. More than half of all papers describe specific meteotsunami events observed in most of the world ocean basins, some others at a rudimentary level recall previous extreme episodes, while several papers contain thorough analysis of either atmospheric conditions or oceanic sea-level response.The book is intended for specialists in oceanography and atmospheric sciences, tsunami and fluid dynamics scientists, climatologists, coastal hazard agencies and managers, ocean engineers and many others, including students and science policy-makers, inparticular in the regions affected by this potentially destructive coastal hazard.The chapters "Proudman resonance with tides, bathymetry and variable atmospheric forcings", "Long wave generation and coastal amplification due to propagating atmospheric pressure disturbances", "On the potential of ensemble forecasting for the prediction of meteotsunamis in the Balearic Islands: sensitivity to atmospheric model parameterizations", and "Combined hazard of typhoon-generated meteorological tsunamis and storm surges along the coast of Japan" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.Previously published in Natural Hazards, Volume 106, Issue 2, 2021

This open access book serves as textbook on the physics of the radiation belts surrounding the Earth. Discovered in 1958 the famous Van Allen Radiation belts were among the first scientific discoveries of the Space Age. Throughout the following decades the belts have been under intensive investigation motivated by the risks of radiation hazards they expose to electronics and humans on spacecraft in the Earth¿s inner magnetosphere.This textbook teaches the field from basic theory of particles and plasmas to observations which culminated in the highly successful Van Allen Probes Mission of NASA in 2012-2019. Using numerous data examples the authors explain the relevant concepts and theoretical background of the extremely complex radiation belt region, with the emphasis on giving a comprehensive and coherent understanding of physical processes affecting the dynamics of the belts. The target audience are doctoral students and young researchers who wish to learn about the physicalprocesses underlying the acceleration, transport and loss of the radiation belt particles in the perspective of the state-of-the-art observations.

The Discovery of the calcareous Ioffe Drift in the SW Atlantic in 2010 opens new perspectives in the contourite theory. Although demonstrating similar behavior relative to bottom water dynamics, rather rare and poorly studied calcareous contourites differ from their terrigenous analogs in origin, grain-size distribution, chemical and mineral composition of sedimentary particles. The detailed multidisciplinary study of the Ioffe Drift produces new knowledge on biogenic contourites deposited in pelagic realm, in conditions of low biological productivity and terrigenous material supply, under the influence of the Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel. The major intervals of prevailing erosion are inferred on the drift from 2.51/2.59 to 1.9 Ma and from 1.6 to 0.81 Ma thus indicating strong paleoceanographic changes most likely associated with the reorganization of deep-sea circulation and increased bottom water production in the Southern Ocean during the Early Pleistocene and,in particular, around the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.

This book deals with how to measure innovation in crisis management, drawing on data, case studies, and lessons learnt from different European countries.The aim of this book is to tackle innovation in crisis management through lessons learnt and experiences gained from the implementation of mixed methods through a practitioner-driven approach in a large-scale demonstration project (DRIVER+). It explores innovation from the perspective of the end-users by focusing on the needs and problems they are trying to address through a tool (be it an app, a drone, or a training program) and takes a deep dive into what is needed to understand if and to what extent the tool they have in mind can really bring innovation.This book is a toolkit for readers interested in understanding what needs to be in place to measure innovation: it provides the know-how through examples and best practices. The book will be a valuable source of knowledge for scientists, practitioners, researchers, and postgraduate students studying safety, crisis management, and innovation.

This book deals with how to measure innovation in crisis management drawing on data, case studies and lessons learned from different European countries.

Python is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as in processing images for remote sensing, in generating and processing digital elevation models, and in analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the geosciences using Python that include basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, and signal processing; the analysis of spatial and directional data; and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples that demonstrate how Python can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains the example data as well as recipes that include all the Python commands featured in the book.

ENDEAVOR is FREA's quarterly publication. ENDEAVOR tells the story of Dr. Enzmann and his wife Joanna Enzmann - he a world-class geologist, historian, linguist, astronomer, engineer, and physicist, and she a skilled mathematician and programmer who worked on the first computers and some classified projects - and how they worked together to create the skin in which the space program could grow. FREA's quarterly ENDEAVOR includes papers written on topics like gravity, astronomy, geology, physics, time, history, cosmology, and mythology, symbology, mathematics, space mission planning, planetology, and more. Trivia from the Archive will include photos and artwork, and articles about Dr. and Mrs. Enzmann published over the decades.

A complete and timely reference on the application of geophysical methods to the cryosphere Applied Geophysics in the Cryospheric Sciences provides comprehensive coverage of the acquisition, processing, and use of geophysical data for understanding cryospheric problems. Bringing together contributions by world-renowned experts in the field, this authoritative volume presents up-to-date information on the properties and processes of debris-covered glaciers, permafrost and rock glaciers, ice, snow, and glacial sedimentary landforms. Individual sections focus on the application of geophysical techniques to subglacial and englacial ice, crustal-scale ice sheets, the structure and hydrology of snowpacks, the past and present flow of ice sheets and ice caps, the physical properties of sea ice over wide areas, and more. Encompassing all key geophysical methods, Applied Geophysics in the Cryospheric Sciences also includes GPS techniques for in situ monitoring of ice sheet and glacier flow, the processing of ice-mass GPS data, the interpretation of ice-electrical processes, and sonic and ultrasonic logging of deep ice boreholes, and recent advances in geophysical survey technology. Integrates geophysics with sedimentology and hydrology of cryosphereCovers the full spectrum of geophysical methods and approaches, including modeling, field observation, and remote sensingDiscusses long-term glacier behavior, paleorecord interpretation, and ice-mass change in response to climatic change Includes recent case studies from a wide range of international sources and explores the future outlook of the fieldPart of the Cryosphere Science series, Applied Geophysics in the Cryospheric Sciences is an indispensable resource for advanced students, academic researchers, applied scientists, and professionals working on cryospheric problems in fields such as geophysics, glaciology, geomorphology, and sedimentology.