Biokemi

IMMUNOLGI 2. udgaveImmunologi er fagets autoritative standardværk, og nu foreligger det i denne gennemreviderede 2. udgave.Bogen dækker den basale immunologi og fokuserer på de immunologiske komponenter og mekanismer, der er særligt vigtige for sygdom. Til 2. udgaven er bogen opdateret med 6 nye kapitler, som adresserer immunologien i centrale organer, herunder centralnervesystemet, fordøjelseskanalen, luftvejene og huden, for at afdække og forstå årsag og patogenesen. Desuden er tilføjet kapitler om hukommelse, autoimmunitet og transfusionsimmunologi.Immunologi 2. udgave er fuldt pensumdækkende for faget immunologi ved landets medicinske fakulteter, men er også relevant for andre sundhedsfaglige grupper, såsom tandlæger, dyrlæger og sygeplejersker.Christian Kanstrup Holm er lektor, ph.d., cand.scient på Institut for Biomedicin ved Aarhus Universitet.

Dette kompendium er til dig, der skal bruge en grundig men kortfattet, illustreret og letforståelig gennemgang af menneskets metabolisme og biokemi.Kompendium i Metabolisk biokemi giver en grundlæggende forståelse for menneskekroppens metaboliske processer, pathways, samt regulering af disse. Metabolitter som kulhydrater, lipider, proteiner og nukleotiders optag, omsætning og udskillelse i kroppen, gennemgås trin for trin med illustrative figurer. Foruden de metaboliske pathways, bliver nøje udvalgte beregningsopgaver af alt fra energiforbrug og -udbytte samt regneopgaver med ernæring, enzymaktivitet og iltforbrug gennemgået.Kompendiet er velegnet til farmaci-, odontologi-, medicin- og veterinærstuderende, samt andre med interesse for metabolisme og biokemi.

Biokemi udforsker de kemiske processer i levende organismer på cellulært og molekylært niveau.Dette kompendium giver dig et overblik over det centrale dogme, intracellulær proteinsortering og biokemiske metoder. Forfatterne har ved udarbejdelse af dette kompendium haft fokus på at skabe simple figurer samt letforståelig tekst.Kompendium i Biokemi er primært rettet mod studerende på sundhedsfaglige videregående uddannelser, specielt farmaci-, læge- og veterinærstuderende.

STANDARDVÆRK I FARMAKOLOGIDenne 7. udgave af Basal og klinisk farmakologi markerer 30 års jubilæum af den populære lærebog, der for længst er blevet en klassiker inden for det farmakologiske speciale. Bogen er opdateret og revideret på flere punkter, men samme velkendte struktur og generelle opbygning er bevaret fra de tidligere udgaver.Bogen består af tre dele. Del I giver en indføring i den basale farmakologi med en grundig omtale af lægemidlers farmakodynamik, farmakokinetik og receptorsystemer mv.. Del II er orienteret mod farmakoterapi og præsenterer den organrelaterede specielle farmakologi. Del III omhandler den kliniske farmakologi.Basal og klinisk farmakologi kan med fordel anskaffes tidligt og benyttes under hele medicinstudiet. 7. udgavens indhold er tilstræbt pensumdækkende ved landets fire uddannelser i medicin. Målgruppen omfatter også studerende inden for human biologi, odontologi, farmaci, biomedicin, biomekanik, farmaceutisk kemi og lægemiddelvidenskab – for blot at nævne nogle. Desuden kan den benyttes af læger, farmaceuter og ansatte i industrien samt ved postgraduate kurser.FagredaktørerUlf Simonsen, professor, dr.med., Aarhus Universitet, Institut for BiomedicinKim Peder Dalhoff, professor, overlæge, dr.med., Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg Hospital, Klinisk Farmakologisk AfdelingTroels K. Bergman, professor, overlæge, ph.d., Odense Universitetshospital, Syddansk Universitetshospital, Esbjerg, FarmakologiMette Rosenkilde, professor, ph.d., dr.med., Københavns Universitet, Biomedicinsk Institut

A timely collection of essays on the pressing possibilities and risks of gene-editing technology.Scientists and genetic engineers are becoming increasingly adept at editing the human genome. How far can--and should--they go in editing future generations? In The Promise and Peril of CRISPR, editor Neal Baer brings together a timely collection of essays by influential bioethicists, philosophers, and geneticists to explore the moral, ethical, and policy challenges posed by CRISPR technology.We are at a technological and ethical crossroads in grappling with the impacts of genetic editing. Gene-editing technology holds the promise of curing more than 7,000 known genetic diseases. Yet with that promise comes the peril of using CRISPR to edit the human genome, which could not only lead to manipulating human evolution, but also to creating and releasing pathogens capable of wreaking havoc on human, animal, and plant life. Although CRISPR has already cured several genetic diseases, it could also be used to design biological weapons or to edit the embryos of people who can afford to purchase genetic "enhancements" for their children. What role can and should the public play in discussing the far-reaching implications of gene editing? What oversights should be put in place to prevent a rogue scientist from engineering another baby - as was recently done with twins in China?Essay contributors offer informed predictions and guidelines for how the uses of CRISPR today will affect life in the future. Decisions we make now may have unpredictable consequences for future generations. For anyone concerned about the uses and potential abuses of gene editing, these essays provide a critical and comprehensive discussion of the central issues surrounding CRISPR technology. Contributors: Florence Ashley, R. Alta Charo, Marcy Darnovsky, Kevin Doxzen, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Jodi Halpern, Katie Hasson, Andrew C. Heinrich, Jacqueline Humphries, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Ellen D. Jorgensen, Peter F. R. Mills, Carol Padden, Marcus Schultz-Bergin, Robert Sparrow, Sandra Sufian, Krystal Tsosie, Ethan Weiss, Rachel M. West

This fully updated volume explores notable developments in the field of mammalian cell-based recombinant protein production. Beginning with methods for transient recombinant protein production, the book continues with methods for stable cell pool generation, protein production using stable clonal cell lines, as well as high-throughput screening technologies for characterizing transient cell surface protein ectodomain expression and for identifying host genes involved in protein production. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for researchers investigatingprotein structure and function and accelerating the discovery of new therapeutic proteins.

This book features chapters written by renowned scientists from various parts of the world, providing an up-to-date survey of submanifold theory, spanning diverse topics and applications. The book covers a wide range of topics such as Chen¿Ricci inequalities in differential geometry, optimal inequalities for Casorati curvatures in quaternion geometry, conformal ¿-Ricci¿Yamabe solitons, submersion on statistical metallic structure, solitons in f(R, T)-gravity, metric-affine geometry, generalized Wintgen inequalities, tangent bundles, and Lagrangian submanifolds. Moreover, the book showcases the latest findings on Pythagorean submanifolds and submanifolds of four-dimensional f-manifolds. The chapters in this book delve into numerous problems and conjectures on submanifolds, providing valuable insights for scientists, educators, and graduate students looking to stay updated with the latest developments in the field. With its comprehensive coverage and detailed explanations, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in submanifold theory.

In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of essential oils as scientific research has revealed new insights into the biological benefits, healing properties, and other uses. Interest in their use in various industries, such as medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics, has increased. Essential oils have found their place in many applications, thus fueling a wave of scientific research and industrial applications. This book explores these recent developments in detail, revealing new perspectives and applications of essential oils. It combines historical knowledge with the latest research to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. By exploring the ancient legacy of aromatic plants and their traditional medicinal uses, as well as delving into the latest research and industrial applications, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of essential oils and their potential.

Welchen Einfluss hat Vitamin D auf die Entstehung von Krebs­erkrankungen, Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen, Stoffwechsel- und Autoimmunerkrankungen? Wie gelingt die Balance zwischen notwendiger Sonneneinstrahlung und Vermeidung des Haut­krebsrisikos? Antworten auf diese und viele weitere Fragen zu diesem wichtigen Vitamin sowie der Vitamin D Mangelerkrankung Rachitis liefert das vorliegende Werk. Es räumt dabei mit häu­figen Irrtümern über Aufbau, Funktion und Wirkung von Vitamin D auf und liefert darüber hinaus zahlreiche, praxisrele­vante Fakten für eine optimale Versorgung. Der Autor ist ausge­wiesener Experte auf dem Gebiet und seit über drei Jahrzehnten in der Forschung zu Vitamin D tätig. Das Buch wendet sich an Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die ihre Patientinnen und Patienten auf Basis neuester wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse rund um das Thema Vitamin D bestmöglich versor­gen und informieren möchten.Der AutorProfessor Dr. med. Jörg Reichrath ist leitender Oberarzt der Klinik für Dermatologie und Leiter des Zentrums für klinische und experimentelle Photodermatologie am Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes.

This third volume provides comprehensive protocols on pre-analytical, analytical, plasma, and serum proteomics. New and updated chapters are divided into nine sections, detailing blood processing and handling strategies, discovery- and targeted-based mass spectrometry, including workflows to aid in discovery and targeted data analysis, in addition to software and bioinformatics for the plasma proteome. This edition further integrates emerging areas in the development of technologies for plasma proteomics and assay platforms in biomarker discovery and translational proteomics, enrichment and detection strategies to understand the plasma proteome, and peptide, lipid and metabolite targeted assays. We also detail the emerging analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each of the 33 chapters includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes hints and tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Serum/Plasma Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers.

The Three Functional States of Proteins explores how structured proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, and phase separated proteins contribute to the complexity of cellular life, and offers insights into their roles in both health and disease. It discusses the latest research findings and highlight groundbreaking discoveries and innovative methodologies used to study these protein states. Traditionally, the different states of proteins have been defined based on their structures and functions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these criteria alone may not be sufficient to capture the complex and multifaceted properties of these molecules. Definitions based on thermodynamics and kinetics are now recognized as potentially more appropriate for comprehensively understanding protein states. Emerging evidence indicates that under physiological conditions, a majority of proteins possess the capability to exist in and transition between the native, droplet, and amyloid states. These distinct states play crucial roles in various cellular functions, influenced significantly by their physicochemical and structural properties. The book also considers the interactions among these states and discusses how their internal organization as individual molecules, as well as their collective organization as molecular assemblies are stabilized. Furthermore, it examines the processes by which these states are formed and the cellular functions associated with each specific state.

Proteins: A Structural Biology Perspective explains how advances in modern physics fueled the birth of structural biology and modern molecular biology in the early to mid 20th century. Scientifically rigorous and deeply informed by the author’s own 60-year career as a structural biologist, the book provides historical and personal accounts of how two generations of renowned scientists doggedly pursued their research projects to arrive at milestone achievements, while also covering basic aspects of protein structures and their evolution with a special focus on molecules at the surface of cells and viruses. Since 1962, when only a single structure for myoglobin had been determined at atomic resolution, the rapidly evolving field has grown exponentially to fill protein structure databases (PDB) worldwide with hundred thousands of structures for basic research and medical advancement. From "What is a Wave?" to "What Is Life?", Proteins: A Structural Biology Perspective takes readers on a uniquely intimate journey through the past 100 years of protein science, while providing an up-to-the-minute assessment of successful structure prediction by AI models like AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold and where it’s all likely to lead. Outfitted with detailed illustrations and authoritative citations, this is a valuable resource for graduate students and young research scientists in biology and the medical sciences.

Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin that plays important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. Many foods contain B vitamins, including meat, poultry, and fish, among others. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties that can be found in vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, and fruits. Both vitamins B and E are important for human health. This book provides a comprehensive overview of vitamins B and E. It is organized into three sections on the role of vitamin B on body health and gut flora, vitamin B deficiency and its association with the disease pellagra, and the medicinal significance and complications associated with vitamin E deficiency.

Biostimulants for Improving Reproductive Growth and Crop Yield highlights their importance as a mechanism, specifically for this result. Intended to transform the latest scientific research into practical application, the book focuses on the effects of biostimulants on flower and fruit development and set, early flowering, pollen viability, germination, and other reproductive aspects. It covers a sustainable approach in utilization of these promising biostimulants in agriculture, horticulture, and floriculture for better productivity, and to feed a growing world population. Biostimulants are a group of substances of natural origin and/or microorganisms that offers the potential to reduce the dependency on harmful chemical fertilizers that cause environmental degradation. The application of biostimulants represents one of the most innovative and promising strategies to improve crop productivity.

Exposure of patients to a high oxygen environment is a standard treatment in a select group of patients. The development of oxygen toxicity must be avoided in those patients. This book describes the effects of normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen treatment of animal models on brain biochemical and physiological responses. This book provides a summary of our knowledge on the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on mitochondrial activity in vivo, and other functions of the brain. A chapter covering the use of hyperbaric hyperoxia in patients¿ brain pathology and care is also included. This is an ideal book for students, research groups, and clinicians studying hyperbaric oxygen and its connection to mitochondrial activity and brain physiological functions.

This edited book is a comprehensive compilation of applications of plant molecular farming in various fields including agriculture, industry and medicine, using different plant/crop systems as bioreactors for the bulk production of products of interest. The book places special emphasis on plant molecular farming being utilized for the bulk production of biologics, industrial enzymes, vaccines, drugs and recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.Plant molecular farming (PMF) is an upcoming promising interdisciplinary subject, and therefore the book contains contributions from experts across the disciplines. The utilization of plant viral vectors to produce biologics, virus-like particles and antimicrobial peptides via PMF have been highlighted. Molecular farming for the bulk production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins and various types of human and veterinary vaccines in different crops/plants and genetically modified seeds has been included. The process of scaling up to manufacturing capacity, product formation by bioprocessing of plant cell suspension culture, and bioreactor engineering have been incorporated. Lastly, the book provides special coverage on utilizing PMF made products to control neglected tropical diseases and plant-made antigens as immunotherapies for allergic and autoimmune diseases.The book has chapters from leading experts on the subject, making it equally beneficial for researchers, policy planners, industrialists, medical professionals, entrepreneurs, and students of various related disciplines.

This updated volume reflects new and evolved techniques to study detection, profiling, and manipulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants and animals. After overviews of how best to detect, identify, and validate microRNAs, the book continues by exploring state-of-the-art protocols for microRNA detection, approaches to profile the expression level of microRNAs, spatial expression analysis, describe in silico analysis of microRNAs and their targets, as well as protocols for functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets by CRISPR/Cas. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume is a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of strategies, reproducible methods, and protocols for the in-depth analysis of Proteoglycans (PGs) and their glycan part, the GAGs. Chapters are divided into three parts detailing GAGs in biological specimens, protocols for the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effects of PGs/GAGs, and protocols for compounds related with the metabolic enzymes, epigenetic regulation, and PGs/GAGs-based inhibitors. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Cutting-edge and thorough, Proteoglycans: Methods and Protocols aims to provide information on the elucidated the structural and functional aspects of the complex matrix macromolecules such as the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.

Melatonin: A Ubiquitous Pleiotropic Molecule equips researchers with an understanding of the molecular biology of melatonin in plants. The book explores the occurrence of melatonin in several plant species, covering key aspects, including its biosynthesis, physiological function in plant growth and development, and signaling pathways. It then discusses the benefits melatonin has for plant and agricultural development, as well as how it can be utilized as a therapeutic in the treatment of human diseases. The role it can play in the oxidative stress response and circadian rhythm modulation are covered, as well as its nutraceutical potential for human health. The book also covers the importance of melatonin in a range of fields, including drug discovery and disease resistance, agriculture, botany, and biotechnology, and is an ideal reference for researchers across these disciplines.

Techniques for Biochemical Analysis provides researchers with a practical guide for investigating a variety of different biomolecules. It includes a range of tried and tested protocols, outlining the principles upon which each technique is founded, as well as providing instructions on equipment setup and use, buffer preparation, reagents required, safety considerations and analysis of findings. Beginning with an introduction to biochemistry and laboratory procedures, the book moves on to specific methods focused on investigation of carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, plant hormones, minerals, amino acids, and more. The large range of protocols covered in this foundational, how-to reference are interdisciplinary and adaptable to a variety of areas, making this an ideal resource for researchers across various fields, including biochemistry, molecular biology, medical sciences, plant physiology, agriculture, and related subjects.

Lanthanides in Enzymology and Microbiology, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology Series, offers a detailed discussion of lanthanides and lanthanide-dependent enzyme biology. In this book, more than a dozen global experts consider lanthanide enzymology fundamentals, organismal utilization of lanthanides, distribution and diversity of lanthanide-dependent enzymes, regulation of intracellular levels of lanthanides, gene expression regulation via lanthanides, as well as likely applications of lanthanide binding proteins. Lanthanide-dependent methanol and alcohol dehydrogenase metabolism are considered in both methylotrophs and non-methylotrophs, alongside various application areas, from recovery of rare earth elements to developing lanthanide ion binding peptides and biosynthesis of terpolymers through reverse-oxidation pathways. In providing this deep context and pathways for future research, this book acts as an invaluable resource in this emerging field for researchers and students of biochemistry, biotechnology, and environmental microbiology alike.

Laccase and Polyphenol Oxidase: Biochemistry and Biotechnological Applications, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology series, provides a thorough discussion of the laccase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme families, which play key roles in the oxidation of phenolic substrates and are involved in a range of important biological functions in many organisms. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding these enzymes, but few resources exist on their fundamental biology, mechanisms, and applications. In this book, leading world experts discuss the biochemistry of laccase and polyphenol oxidases, research methods, and uses across industries, offering mechanistic and practical overviews of these important enzyme classes and empowering researchers to develop their own studies and hone applications. This book deftly connects topics across these intricate enzyme systems, with early chapters on the physicochemical properties of PPO and laccase, followed by separate sections on these related enzyme classes’ function in biological and industrial systems, production, purification, active assays, and application areas from food and wine to bioremediation to green chemistry.