Biokemi

Plant parasitic nematodes are a main pest to crops. For ex am pie, the root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are worldwide in their distribution and attack almost every type of crop, causing considerable losses of yield and affecting quality of produce. The cyst nematodes within the genera Globodera and Heterodera constitute a major group of plant pathogens in many countries throughout the world, suppressing yields of potato, sugar beet, soybean and cereals. Several nematodes such as longidorids and trichodorids are implicated in the transmission of numerous plant viruses. Many others cause constraints to agricultural production either locally or on large areas. However, despite their economic importance (they account for worldwide crop reduction in excess of 10%), plant parasitic nematodes are still poorly understood, because most of them are obligate parasites of roots. Environmental concerns over the agricultural use of pesticides demand the development of alternative measures to control them. To achieve environmentally sound control, knowledge of the basic biology of nematodes must be expanded. Important research areas include understanding the molecular bases for pathogenicity, the molecular mechanisms of the host- parasite interactions and the genetic bases for population fluctuations. The workshop has, for the first time, brought together an international group of researchers using molecular approaches to study plant parasitic nematodes and their host responses.

Gentechnisch hergestellte Produkte werden heute bereits in der Medizin und der Diagnostik, in den Agrarwissenschaften, in der Lebensmitteltechnologie aber auch in zahlreichen Bereichen des taglichen Lebens verwendet. Seit der Einfuhrung des ersten gentechnisch hergestellten Medikamentes im Jahr 1983 hat sich die Gentechnik in rasanter Weise zu einer Schlusseltechnologie in der Grundlagenforschung, der angewandten Forschung und der Wirtschaft entwickelt.Die Gentechnik, ihre Vorteile und ihre moglichen Risiken, werden heute in der Offentlichkeit und in den Medien sehr breit und mit viel Engagement diskutiert. Trotz allen Interesses an diesem Thema zeigt es sich immer wieder, dass die Gentechnik in ihren Grundzugen oft nur unvollstandig bekannt und verstanden ist.Auch die 3. erweiterte und uberarbeitete Auflage dieses erfolgreichen Buches bietet kurz und knapp, im Detail und anschaulich illustriert einen verstandlichen Einblick in die Theorie und Praxis der Materie. Hochaktuelle Themen wie Stammzellen in Forschung und Therapie, "e;Elegante Zuchtung"e; bei transgenen Pflanzen, Sequenzierungsmeilensteine oder Einfuhrungen in Begriffe wie Genomics und Proteomics sind neu hinzugekommen. Durch das Buch wird der Leser vor allem die vielfaltigen Verflechtungen zwischen Theorie und Anwendung der Gentechnik erkennen und beurteilen konnen. Diese neue Auflage soll einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten, dass die Diskussion uber Gentechnik um Sachinhalte und nicht um Ideologien gefuhrt wird.

Distance measurements in biological systems by EPR The foundation for understanding function and dynamics of biological systems is knowledge of their structure. Many experimental methodologies are used for determination of structure, each with special utility. Volumes in this series on Biological Magnetic Resonance emphasize the methods that involve magnetic resonance. This volume seeks to provide a critical evaluation of EPR methods for determining the distances between two unpaired electrons. The editors invited the authors to make this a very practical book, with specific numerical examples of how experimental data is worked up to produce a distance estimate, and realistic assessments of uncertainties and of the range of applicability, along with examples of the power of the technique to answer biological problems. The first chapter is an overview, by two of the editors, of EPR methods to determine distances, with a focus on the range of applicability. The next chapter, also by the Batons, reviews what is known about electron spin relaxation times that are needed in estimating distances between spins or in selecting appropriate temperatures for particular experiments. Albert Beth and Eric Hustedt describe the information about spin-spin interaction that one can obtain by simulating CW EPR line shapes of nitroxyl radicals. The information in fluid solution CW EPR spectra of dual-spin labeled proteins is illustrated by Hassane Mchaourab and Eduardo Perozo.

In the late 1980s, Peptide Societies were established in Europe, the United States, and Japan, and more recently, in the Asian and the Pacific Rim regions including Australia, China, and Korea. At the time of the establishment of the American, European and Japanese Peptide Societies, the International Liaison Organizing Committee representing these Peptide Societies, along with the Australian Peptide Society, began discussions for holding international confer ences which would supercede or be held in lieu of the numerous individual meetings, held by the peptide societies of each individual country or region. The representative of the Chinese Peptide Society participated in these discus sion in the International Liaison Organizing Committee at the meeting of the American Peptide Symposium in Nashville, in June 1997. After lengthy discus sions over several years, we agreed to organize and host the International Peptide Symposium in Japan. The First International Peptide Symposium (IPS'97) was held on November 30-December 5, 1997, in Kyoto, and was co sponsored by four Peptide Societies. The attendance at this Symposium was 550 participants, including representatives from 32 different countries. We were very pleased with this outcome and anticipate an even larger attendance for forthcoming Symposia in future years. The revolution and advances in science and technology during the past two decades has caused traditional peptide chemistry to expand to peptide science, spreading from physical science to biology, pharmacology, and medicine.

Dieses Sachbuch möchte allen eine ehrliche Unterstützung bieten, die ernsthaft abnehmen und ihr neues Wunschgewicht auch langfristig halten möchten. Denn: Es ist unbestritten, dass viele Frauen und Männer abnehmen wollen, und sie machen Diäten. So werden jedes Jahr aufs Neue viele Abnehmwillige mit falschen Versprechungen zur neuen"besten Diät" hinters Licht geführt. Dieses Sachbuch geht erstmals einen anderen Weg: I DIET MY WAY - ist das neue Konzept für alle, die ihren individuellen Weg des Abnehmens maßgeschneidert bis zu ihrem persönlichen Wohlfühlgewicht gehen möchten - und anschließend dabei bleiben wollen. In diesem Buch finden Sie alles zum Thema "Kilos verlieren", was Sie wissen müssen, um langfristig abzunehmen und Ihr Wunschgewicht auch zu halten. Dabei basieren die Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen vom Autor Uwe Knop auf den aktuellen Erkenntnissen und dem derzeitigen Konsens der WissenschaftLeicht verdaulich und unterhaltsam erfahren Sie in diesem Buch: Abnehmen ist möglich.Das Diätprinzip ist bei allen Diäten immer gleich.Das reduzierte Gewicht zu halten, ist die "hohe Kunst". JoJo-Effekt & Co: Risiken, die Ihr Gewicht ins Schwanken bringenPraxistipps, wie Sie starten und dran bleibenSie möchten erfolgreich abnehmen und dauerhaft schlank bleiben? Dann lesen Sie dieses Buch.

This textbook teaches bioengineers critical concepts about protein three dimensional structures, how proteins fold, and how the folding affects the functioning of the protein. Protein folding has profound effects on the discovery of biopharmaceutical drugs (especially the transport of immunological compounds to their site of action) as well as on tissue engineering. Dr. Dods covers topics in easily understood terms through the use of glossaries heading each chapter and footnotes and summaries at the end of each chapter. The chapters cover disordered proteins and large sequences of disorder that exists within proteins, secondary structure (¿-helix and ¿-pleated structure), tertiary and quaternary structure, post-translational changes, proteopathies, bioengineering approaches used to study protein folding, and computer software for protein folding. For each of these topics the elements of biomolecular imaging, cellular and tissue engineering, and health care systems engineering are built. Molecular engineering concepts such as site-directed mutagenesis are addressed. For reinforcement of the concepts presented in this text, activities and problems (Queries) are included in the chapter.

The book provides an excellent introduction to industrial biotechnology, addressing the applications of biomolecules and living systems in industrial manufacturing of various products. Each part of the book is devoted to a certain biotech sector, such as biofuels, food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and materials. The book also covers the environmental aspects of industrial biotechnology and the principles of bio-based economy.

The unique responses of plants to combined stresses have been observed at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This book provides an analysis of all three levels of change in various plants in response to different combinations of stresses. The text provides a general review of the combined stress paradigm, focuses on the impact of higher CO2 levels in combination with other stresses, examines drought stress in conjunction with other abiotic factors in different crop plants as well as the combination of biotic and abiotic factors, and discusses the impact of combined stresses in forest ecosystems. Written by experts in the field, Combined Stresses in Plants: Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Aspects is a valuable resource for scientists, graduate students, and post-doctoral fellows alike working in plant stresses.

Can the son or daughter of a baseball pitcher or cricket bowler throw a ball 100 miles an hour? Is the son or daughter of an opera singer also an opera singer? Is a house with functional light switches lit? The line of thinking in these rhetorical questions also applies to human genetics. What do baseball pitchers, opera sing­ ers, light switches, and the Human Genome Project have in common? These questions address the issue of potential versus realization of function. Although sons and daughters of baseball pitchers and opera singers may have inherited the mechanical attributes to be baseball pitchers and opera singers, they may not, at any point in time, be baseball pitchers or opera singers. A house with functional light switches is not lit unless the light switches are on. Similarly, all of the genes discovered and sequenced as a result of the Human Genome Project are not expressed at the same time. Genome project information will allow us to deter­ mine the repertoire of genes in an individual, which is analogous to determining where the light switches in a house are located and whether they are functional (a mutation or deletion in the Genome Project Model). The pattern of "on" light switches in a house gives us functional information as to what the family inside is doing (e. g. , eating, reading, sleeping). Similarly, the pattern of gene expression (RNA) gives us information on what our bodies are doing (e. g.

Ascorbate acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants, playing important roles in various physiological processes. Humans have lost the ability to synthesize AsA because of the lack of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, and thus have to absorb ascorbate from diet including fresh fruits and vegetables, as they are the major sources of ascorbate. Several pathways for AsA biosynthesis and metabolism have been identified in plants since 1998. More attention has been paid to improving ascorbate content in plants especially in fruits and vegetables. Significant progresses have been made on key enzymes and genes involved in the AsA biosynthesis and metabolism. Recently, more interests have arised in the regulation of AsA biosynthesis, as it is constantly regulated by the plant development and the environmental factors, e.g. light. Ascorbic acid is also frequently reported to affect plant growth and development e.g. flowering time and fruit ripening. The scope of the book is to cover the biological role, biosynthesis and metabolism, regulation, and metabolic modification of ascorbate in plants.

Consumer interest in diet and nutritional supplements is increasing dramatically. This book is designed to meet the needs of those professionals who are called upon to advise patients and the general public. It provides a valuable text for those who are researchers or decision-makers in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The text presents a thorough account of this topical subject and enables the reader to appreciate the functions of nutrients in health and common disease states, to understand the current debates over the roles of nutrients and supplements in the diet, and to answer those questions frequently asked by patients and consumers.

Hermed foreligger lærebogsklassikeren BIOKEMI i en revideret 3. udgave!Bogen er gennemgående bearbejdet og opdateret, illustrationerne er reviderede eller nytegnede, emner er uddybede eller præciserede, så bogen er endnu mere anvendelig for den studerende.BIOKEMI yder en pædagogisk indføring i den klassiske biokemi og dens principper præsenteret i fem overordnede dele:Del 1: Introduktion til biokemiDel 2: MetabolismeDel 3: MolekylærbiologiDel 4: Signalering i kroppenDel 5: Celle- og vævsbiologiFor at lette tilegnelsen af stoffet indeholder bogen over 500 illustrationer. Hvert kapitel indledes med et resumé og afsluttes med definerede læringsmål, og undervejs er der mange fakta- og klinikbokse.Bogen henvender sig specielt til medicinstuderende på landets fakulteter: København, Odense, Aarhus og Aalborg, men kan med fordel læses af alle med interesse for biokemi i en medicinsk sammenhæng. Bogen kan således benyttes af læger, biologer, molekylærbiologer samt ved postgraduate kurser.

Glycan interactions with a variety of glycan binding proteins (GBPs) play a significant role in cell-cell communication, immune evasion, and pathogenic processes. Understanding these interactions is critical to regulating cellular processes and has tremendous therapeutic significance. However, methods to study glycan interactions are relatively limited due to several structural and functional properties of glycans.This work explores specially adapted methods of study, with advances such as glycan microarrays, glycosylated conductive polymers, Luminex bead-based arrays, metabolic labelling, cell surface engineering, and chemo enzymatic labeling. This volume serves as a valuable tool for researchers and industry workers interested in developing and adapting technologies in the detection of glycan-GBP interactions.

This open-end treatise on methods concerning protein separation had its beginning in an American Chemical Society symposium entitled "Con temporary Protein Separation Methods" which was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey in September 1974.

Once you have seen the spectrum of one protein you have seen the spectra of all pro teins. in alkaline solution the maximum and minimum shift to longer wavelengths), there are subtle differences which can be seen when the spectra of many proteins are compared.

I was motivated to organize this work on Lipid Metabolism in Mammals because of the lack of a single reference source containing a comparative organ approach to lipid metabolism in mammals that empha sizes the uniqueness of pathways in the various organs of the body.

From somewhat enigmatic beginnings 40 years ago, guanylate cyclase research has emerged to occupy a position of prominence in the study of signal transduction. This volume covers the evolution of the field, peptide hormone receptor work, membrane guanylate cycles, related retinal diseases, and the biochemistry and physiology of the soluble form.

This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry contains original research papers as well as invited reviews dedi­ cated, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the inauguration of the Heart Research Group in Berlin-Buch that today forms a part there of the Max Delbriick Center for Molecular Medicine, to Professor Albert Wollenberger, founder of the Heart Research Group and for 21 years its head. The papers in this issue are written by researchers working in the field of cardiovascular research who together with Albert Wollenberger share the belief that an integrative application of advances in molecular and cellular biology will lead to new concepts for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. We hope that this special will serve as a good source of information in this regard. We wish to thank all of the contributors for their help and cooperation. We also wish to thank Mrs. Verona Kuhle for her secretarial help. We are grateful to Dr. Naranjan S. Dhalla, Editor-in-Chief of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry for his interest and encouragement, and for agreeing to publish this issue in honor of Albert Wollenberger. ROLAND VETTER and ERNST -GEORG KRAUSE Max Delbriick Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rossle-StraBe 10, 13122 Berlin-Buch, Germany PART I CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 163/164: 5-11, 1996. © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

The multiplicity of receptor types, G-proteins, effector proteins, second messengers and protein kinases, their substrate proteins and the `cross-talk' interactions in the myocardium raises fundamental questions about the mechanisms that ensure the precision and timing of the myocardial responses to hormonal and pharmacological stimuli.

This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry good source of information in this regard. contains original research papers as well as invited reviews We wish to thank all of the contributors for their help and dedicated, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the in­ cooperation. We also wish to thank Mrs. Verona Kuhle for auguration of the Heart Research Group in Beriin-Buch that her secretarial help. We are grateful to Dr. Naranjan S. Dhalla, today forms a part there ofthe Max Delbriick Center for Mo­ Editor-in-Chief of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry for his lecular Medicine, to Professor Albert Wollenberger, founder interest and encouragement, and for agreeing to publish this of the Heart Research Group and for 21 years its head. issue in honor of Albert Wollenberger. The papers in this issue are written by researchers work­ ing in the field of cardiovascular research who together with ERNST-GEORG KRAUSE and ROLAND VETTER Albert Wollenberger share the belief that an integrative ap­ Max Delbriick Center for Molecular Medicine plication of advances in molecular and cellular biology will Robert-Rossle-StraBe 10 lead to new concepts for treatment and prevention of cardio­ 13122 Beriin-Buch vascular diseases. We hope that this special will serve as a Gennany ALBERT WOLLENBERGER, Professor, Ph. D. (Harvard), Dr. Sc. Med. (Berlin) The dedication is accorded to Prof.