Biokemi

This book collates various aspects of stress tolerance in crop plants. It primarily focuses on the heat and temperature related stress, starting from the severity of the problem on quantity and quality of yield under the threat of global climate change. The content also explores other mechanistic dimensions such as physiochemical and molecular mechanism underlying thermotolerance, signaling mechanism under heat stress, role of heat shock proteins in modulating thermotolerance, omics approach for development of climate smart-crop. Chapters discuss different approaches used in the past to develop heat stress tolerant crop plants, list of developed thermotolerant agriculturally important crop plants, redox homeostasis under heat stress, nutrient uptake and use efficiency in plants under heat stress and much more. The book is a useful compilation for researchers working in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, as well as for students of plant physiology and agricultural sciences.

This volume provides methods to study ice-binding proteins (IBPs), and applications involving these proteins. Chapters are divided into three parts describing identifying, isolating, and purifying ice-binding proteins, characterize both IBPs and ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), and synthesize mimics of IBPs, as well as applications involving these proteins. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Ice Binding Proteins: Methods and Protocols aims to provide both experimental and simulations protocols to help new researchers, break-the-ice, and enter this exciting field, while also supporting established researchers broaden the scope of theirinvestigations.

Essential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.

This book reveals a stunning thread of scientific data that points the way to the natural anabolic state--a biochemical condition wherein body fat is metabolized, muscle tissue is built, strength and speed are increased, mental acuity is enhanced, and the mind and body perform at top efficiency. This inspirational book is a must-read for athletes and coaches in every sport, students and teachers at every level, people of faith, people seeking faith, and anyone competing for success. Readers will learn how one simple thought altered the blood chemistry of students taking the GRE and raised test scores and how that same thought increased athletic performance in multiple sports. Readers will also come to understand why honesty, gratitude, humility, self-discipline, assertiveness, faith, and playing-to-win induce an empowering anabolic blood chemistry. If you read this book, you will meet Jenny (the girl who achieved a seemingly impossible goal), Susie (the most aggressive infielder I've ever seen), Hank (the shortstop who experienced his worst nightmare), John Doe (the guy who experienced all five types of stress before leaving his driveway), Attila the Hun (an example of humility), and several more unforgettable characters. If you read this book, I promise you that, by the time you finish the third chapter, you will fervently wish you'd read it earlier in your life.

This detailed volume introduces different methods to assess the structure and folding of bacterial amyloids and analyze their functions, either in vitro or in vivo. Despite their initial association with neurodegenerative diseases, there is now increasing evidence of alternative roles for amyloids, with beneficial aspects for cells. In particular, prokaryotes use amyloids as functional assemblies, where they are key players in the cell's physiology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Bacterial Amyloids: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for experts and novices alike to further explore these crucial protein assemblies.

Tauchen Sie ein in die Welt der Epigenetik, die Ihnen erklärt, wie Sie Ihre Gesundheit fördern und das Beste aus sich selbst herausholen können. Zunächst führt Sie das Werk in die molekularen Grundlagen ein, wie jede einzelne Zelle funktioniert und Information über ihre Umgebung verarbeitet. Letzteres hat sehr viel mit Epigenetik zu tun, die ein zentrales Thema in diesem Buch ist. Die Epigenetik, die für die Identität der mehr als 400 verschiedenen Zelltypen unseres Körpers entscheidend ist, hat auch einen dynamischen Aspekt. Sie lernen, wie intrazellulärer Signalübertragungswege über extrazelluläre Signale aktiviert werden und damit Transkriptionsfaktoren und Chromatin-modifizierenden Enzymen beeinflussen. Viele dieser Signale stammen direkt oder indirekt von unserer Ernährung. Letztere ist das wichtigste externe Signal, dem wir täglich ausgesetzt sind. Das führt zum zweiten zentralen Thema dieses Buches, der Nutrigenomik. Die Nahrung, die wir täglich zu uns nehmen, ist weit mehr als eine Ansammlung von Kohlenhydraten, Proteinen, Lipiden, Vitaminen und Mineralien, die Energie und Bausteine für unseren Körper liefert. Das faszinierende Fachgebiet der Nutrigenomik beschreibt die Wechselwirkung zwischen Nahrungsmolekülen, ihren Metaboliten und unserem (Epi)genom. Viele Nahrungsbestandteile, wie beispielsweise ungesättigte Fettsäuren, aktivieren direkt Transkriptionsfaktoren oder verursachen Veränderungen in den Konzentrationen von Metaboliten. Diese beeinflussen wiederum die Aktivität von Chromatin-modifizierenden Enzymen. Auf diese Weise ¿sprechen¿ Moleküle unseres Frühstücks, Mittagessen oder Abendessen mit unserem Genom bzw. Epigenom. Tauchen Sie ein in die faszinierende Welt der Selbstheilung und Verantwortung für Ihre Gesundheit!

The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number ¿ from fewer than 25 in 1968 ¿ to approximately 8,000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.

This volume covers the latest key aspects of therapeutic protein applications. Chapters in this book cover topics such as the discovery, production, and conjugation of protein-proteins with discussions on the direction of future development and advancements; ways to use these engineering proteins for therapeutic and vaccine applications; and the use of modified protein nanocarriers. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and practical, Therapeutic Proteins: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any researcher who are interested in learning more about the field of therapeutic proteins.

The textbook is intended for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, biology and medicine. It covers diverse topics of biophysical chemistry ranging from the structure of cells, lipids, and proteins to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, enzyme catalysis, and fast reaction kinetics. The book discusses the fundamental structural concepts in the first part and provides a systematic account of different experimental techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and gel filtration that are extensively employed in biochemical research in the second part. It also includes typical applications using NMR, ESR, and SPR to comprehend the power of spectroscopic tools in biophysical chemistry. This textbook also deals with advanced topics of entropy production and biosensors. It consists of a large number of schematic diagrams as well as tabular compilations of kinetic, electrochemical, and thermochemical data. It includes multiple-choice questions, numerical examples, and descriptive questions in various chapters to aid self-learning among students. In view of the diverse coverage of topics, this textbook is a valuable asset to undergraduate and postgraduate students. It is also a useful reference for researchers and professionals in chemistry, biology, and medicine.

A.W. Duncan's book "The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition" gives a thorough overview of the function of chemistry in the study of food and nutrition. The chemistry of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals as well as the chemistry of food additives and contaminants are among the many subjects covered in the book. The function of vitamins and minerals in the diet and how they affect general health and wellbeing are also discussed in the book. The author also offers a thorough examination of food additives and pollutants, going into their chemical compositions, characteristics, and probable health impacts. The book also discusses the chemistry of taste and cooking, as well as methods for preparing and preserving food. "The Chemistry of Food and Nutrition" offers a thorough and understandable review of the function of chemistry in comprehending the science of food and nutrition, making it an invaluable resource for students and professionals in the disciplines of food science, nutrition, and chemistry.

De mRNA COVID-19-vaccins kunnen een kortstondige tijdelijke immunosuppressie veroorzaken, waardoor het cytomegalovirus (CMV) bij sommige mensen opnieuw kan worden geactiveerd. Deze reactivering van het cytomegalovirus kan myocarditis en het Guillain-Barré-syndroom en tal van andere aandoeningen veroorzaken. Het cytomegalovirus is zeer alomtegenwoordig van aard en komt veel voor bij mensen van alle leeftijden en maakt deel uit van een familie van herpesvirussen die bij adolescenten waterpokken en mononucleosis veroorzaken. Na infectie blijft CMV gedurende hun hele leven slapend in het lichaam van de meeste mensen, maar kan opnieuw worden geactiveerd tijdens immuunonderdrukking. Een afnemende CMV-gevoeligheid bij mannen ouder dan 45 kan de reden zijn waarom zeldzame gevallen van myocarditis voorkomen bij jongere mensen die het mRNA-vaccin hebben ingenomen. CMV-gevoeligheid neemt toe in de leeftijd van 16-45 jaar. Behandelingen, medicijnen en zelfs vaccins kunnen het immuunsysteem tijdelijk onderdrukken en CMV-reactivering veroorzaken. Dit moet worden onderzocht als een mogelijke oorzaak van gevallen van myocarditis en Guillain-Barré-syndroom bij degenen die het COVID-19-mRNA-vaccin hebben ingenomen.

This book covers the biology of quorum sensing and quenching, potential sources of QQ enzymes and other inhibitors, as well as an overview of their mechanism and potential biotech applications.

This book provides an overview of the contemporary integrated biology approaches for solving structures and understanding mechanisms of complex biological systems.

This book focuses specifically on environmental risk assessment in premetamorphic stages and adults of amphibians and is an ideal companion for toxicologists and ecologists also of interest to those working in conservation biology, biological invasion, biocontrol and habitat management.

In the mid- to late-twentieth century, large scientific conflicts flared in two seemingly distinct fields of scientific inquiry.  In bioenergetics, which examines how organisms obtain and utilize energy, the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell suggested a novel mechanism for energy conversion. In evolutionary biology, meanwhile, Wynne Edwards strongly articulated the view that organisms may act for the "e;good of the group."e;  This work crystalized a long history of imprecise thinking about the evolution of cooperation. While both controversies have received ample attention, no one has ever suggested that one might inform the other, i.e., that energy metabolism in general and chemiosmosis in particular might be relevant to the evolution of cooperation. The central idea is nevertheless remarkably simple. Chemiosmosis rapidly converts energy, and once storage capacity is exceeded, an overabundance of product has various negative consequences.  While to some extent chemiosmotic processes can be modulated, under certain circumstances it is also possible to simply disperse the products into the environment.This book argues that these two heretofore distinct scientific disciplines are connected, thereby suggesting that a ubiquitous process of energy conversion may underlie the evolution of cooperation and link major transitions in the history of life that have been regarded as mechanistically unrelated.

This book has been developed to provide a detailed discussion of probiotics, which have been evaluated for use predominantly in fish and shellfish aquaculture. This book highlights strengths and weaknesses in knowledge and discusses gaps that need to be addressed. There has been a great deal of research concerning the use of probiotics in aquaculture. To date, a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some eukaryotes, i.e. yeasts and unicellular algae, has been reported to be beneficial to aquatic hosts.  Following oral uptake, benefit includes improved growth performance and protection against many bacteria and some parasitic diseases. This book will be suitable for scientists, veterinarians, professionals, and senior students involved in aquaculture. 

Vitamin D is a unique bioregulatory molecule that can be synthesized in the skin as well as obtained via dietary sources. Vitamin D and its specific role in numerous diseases is a hot topic of scientific research. This book presents new insights into the specific role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of many diseases. It is organized into four sections that present the latest data from clinical and preclinical investigations of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency in children and in diseases such as COVID-19 as well as cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and renal disorders.

This detailed volume explores protocols for the production of membrane proteins in a panel of heterologous organisms for structural studies. Beginning with techniques using E. coli as a host for the overproduction and purification of membrane proteins, the book continues with chapters covering mammalian membrane protein production in yeast, insect cells, mammalian cells, as well as using virus like particles and acellular systems. Additionally, new detergents and alternatives to detergents allowing membrane protein purification for structural analyses are described. The book closes with a chapter exploring the use of microscale thermophoresis (MST) to evaluate the binding activity of heterologously expressed proteins directly in crude membrane extracts. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition serves as an ideal guide for scientists aiming to produce and purify functional recombinant membrane proteins for structural studies.

This detailed volume explores newly-developed methods in PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) research, methods currently applied to other ncRNAs involved in nuclear regulation which can be used to study piRNAs, and piRNA methods applied in non-classical organisms. It also includes several bioinformatic and biophysical methods related to piRNA studies, consistent with the increasing importance of high-throughput sequencing and computational methods. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, piRNA: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers seeking to elucidate the numerous mysteries of this area of multicellular biology.

Marine Bivalve Mollusks and Emerging Pollutants: Toxicological Impacts provides the most updated and comprehensive knowledge of the toxicological impacts of a variety of emerging pollutants on marine bivalve mollusk species. In addition to synthesizing recent toxicological findings, the book also discusses toxification mechanisms, current challenges, and future research prospects. Written by international experts, this book assesses new advances in the toxicological impacts of pollutants, including microplastics, bromide flame retardants, nanomaterials, pharmaceutical residues, personal care products, pesticides, and perfluorinated compounds. In addition, it details how these can affect reproduction, embryonic development, metabolism, and immune systems of marine bivalves. Behavioral responses and neuroendocrine regulation is also discussed. Toxification mechanisms are interpreted at both physiological and molecular levels. The book concludes with current research and environmental challenges and potentials for further, future study techniques.

This volume provides updated protocols for chemical protein synthesis. Chapters guide readers through development methods, strategies, and applications of protein chemical synthesis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chemical Protein Synthesis aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. 

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected nearly every country and territory in the world. Although worldwide vaccination efforts have reduced the risk of serious disease outcomes, disparities in distribution have led to multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and the emergence of variants of concern, some of which have enhanced infectivity and ability to evade existing vaccines. Hence there is an increasing interest in understanding the evolution of viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as well as improving our capacity to effectively current and manage future pandemics.This new volume reviews the most effective omic techniques for increasing our understanding of COVID-19, to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and genomic surveillance, and to facilitate development of effective treatments and vaccines. Chapters are written by an international team of experts and explore methods in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Techniques used toassess physiological function at the molecular level and artificial intelligence approaches used for more effective validation and translation of biomarker candidates into clinical use are also discussed. This book is an excellent resource for researchers studying biomarkers, virology, metabolic diseases, and infectious diseases, as well as clinical scientists, physicians, drug company scientists, and healthcare workers.

This volume presents a collection of protocols to study effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in both plants and animals from eminent groups in the field. The chapters in this book cover topics such as genetic manipulation of plant and animal pathogens, host cells, and the analysis of key host responses; and techniques used for the analysis of inflammasome activation, cell death pathways, and mitochondria damage in response to pathogens. All of these topics cover a broad spectrum of immunological, biochemical, cell biological, and structural biology approaches to examine ETI. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and practical, Effector-Triggered Immunity: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both expert and novice researchers who are interested in learning more about the important and developing field of ETI.

Current use of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) within biological wastewater treatment system is incomplete due to limitations of current culture-based techniques. This book offers an overview of new nitrification technologies via the use of AOB in the removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater. The application of new approaches based on AOB leads to greater ammonia nitrogen removal and results in more efficient wastewater treatment.

This book provides a unique, comprehensive, and up-to-date overview of the various NADPH oxidases and narrates the history of their discovery, biochemical characteristics, genetics, molecular structure, and multiple functions in health and disease. It covers the subject in a manner that serves both the expert and the novice researcher in the field.The book starts with an overview of the major milestones in the discovery of the archetypical NADPH oxidase, known as cytochrome b558, and its cytosolic regulators. This is followed by personal recollections by pioneers of the field, descriptions of the work of the major figures of the past by their followers, and a rendering of the history of the discovery of the Nox family. The central section of the book consists of chapters devoted specifically to an in depth description of the individual members of the Nox family, and is followed by chapters focused on the modulators of their function. A subsequent section comprises chapters dealing with methodologies of Nox research, interaction with other proteins, and Nox inhibitors. A distinct section of the book deals with non-mammalian Noxs, from amoeba to zebrafish. Subsequent chapters focus on Nox structure, a field in which extraordinary progress was made in recent years. The volume ends with chapters on Chronic Granulomatous Disease, the consequence of Nox loss-of-function, and its treatment by gene therapy. The coda is a crystal ball perspective of the hopes for the clinical translation of basic Nox research. Written for biochemists, cell biologists, molecular biologists, and clinicians, this book is aimed at both senior scientists and young investigators in the field.

This reference work provides a comprehensive overview of bioactive compounds investigated in bryophytes and pteridophytes and explores their nutritional, biological, pharmacological and ecological effects. Bryophytes are cosmopolitan lower plants that are rich in phytochemicals including fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolics, terpenoids. Additionally, these plants contain bibenzyls, bis-benzyls, and polyketides which have been demonstrated to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Pteridophytes are another group of lower vascular plants which were reported to have useful secondary compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, terpenoids, and these plants impart medicinal values including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-HIV activities.This book contains comprehensive contributions compiled by expert scientists and researchers in this field.The book offers a useful resource for plant biotechnologists, plant biologists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, food technologists, nutritionists, research investigators of the healthcare industry, academia, faculty, and students of biology and biomedical sciences. It also provides a strategic framework for further research and development activities of bryophytes and pteridophytes of the world.