Cellebiologi (cytologi)

This volume covers the latest advancements and techniques used to understand the fastidious bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, and its significance in infectious disorders by combining both conventional and cutting-edge approaches. This book covers diverse topics, including direct detection, diagnostic methods, immune response analysis, alternative model systems, advanced proteomics, social media analysis, and clinical research. It also discusses unconventional wet lab research such as content analysis, the use of ChatGPT, clinical algorithms for chronic Lyme, establishment of a pregnancy Lyme disease biobank, and investigates Lyme in pregnant women. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Borrelia burgdorferi: Methods and Protocols encompasses a wide range of techniques and caters to scientists from various disciplines and career stages, such as cell and molecular biologists, statisticians, and clinical researchers.

This volume provides a comprehensive compilation of protocols in T cell repertoire analysis, from the leading experts in the field, representing both well-established methods and cutting-edge advances. Chapters broadly cover the emerging new T cell subsets, sequencing technologies for capturing TCR repertoire, and computational tools for analyzing an ever-growing TCR repertoire, with a particular focus on how to link the sequence with TCR antigen specificity. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, T-Cell Repertoire Characterization aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field. 

This volume brings together cutting-edge laboratory protocols to characterize the novel fluorescent proteins (FPs) and approaches based on fluorescent proteins that aim to answer some of the key cell biological questions. The book covers topics ranging from the database of fluorescent proteins to their characterization and adaptation to a wide range of biological systems. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Fluorescent Proteins: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for students and academicians enthusiastic about the recent progress in the practical application of fluorescent protein technology.

This volume discusses methods used in the fields of molecular and cellular biology for detecting and studying cell death, especially in cancer and cancer therapy. Chapters in this book cover topics such as non-destructive, real-time Annexin V apoptosis assay; assessment of the immune response to tumor cell apoptosis and efferocytosis; mass cytometry assessment of cell phenotypes and signaling states in human whole blood; cell cycle analysis of ER stress and autophagy; and simultaneous detection of inflammasome activation and membrane damage during pyroptosis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and practical, Apoptosis and Cancer: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and practical guide for both novice and expert researchers looking into the "e;meaning of death."e;

With chapter contributions from prominent scientists in the cell wall field, Plant Cell Walls: Research Milestones and Conceptual Insights provides a comprehensive treatment of plant cell wall research accompanied by a historical overview to illustrate how concepts have evolved, and how progress has been enabled by technological advances.

This volume covers a broad range of cell types including cultured cell lines, primary cells, and various unicellular organisms such as fission yeast, budding yeast, parasite Leishmania amazonensis, and parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The chapters in this book are organized into four parts. Part One looks at a general overview of cell cycle control and synchronization. Part Two discusses techniques to synchronize mammalian cells to various cell cycle phases including mitotic sub-phases. Part Three covers synchronization of unicellular organisms and Part Four analyzes cell cycle progression. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cell-Cycle Synchronization: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both novice and expert scientists in this developing field.

This volume covers the latest advancements in the study of ciliary complexity. Protocols cover genomic, proteomic, imaging, and functional analysis of different ciliated tissues and their wide applicability in cilia biology. Chapters in this book primarily focus on methods to study multiciliated cells, and discuss topics such as SARS-CoV-2 infections of human primary nasal multiciliated epithelial cells; expansion microscopy of ciliary proteins; live-imaging centriole amplification in mouse brain multiciliated cells; biophysical properties of cilia motility; and mucociliary transport device construction. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Cilia: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in learning more about this developing field.

The major purpose of this book is to present Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) in a real and interesting way based on the most recent historical research and analysis of authentic sources. The authors aim to show Mendel's scientific thinking and inner feelings together with his environment and to communicate his message as a multifaceted personality and modern experimentalist.The book draws from the only existing short sketch of Mendel's youth, his letters and the biographical ceiling paintings that were made according to his proposal. They form the basis of the self-portrait concept. The structure of the book follows thematic groups covering Mendel's activities from a poor village boy in search for education and financial security, as not being physically suitable for running his father's farm. The book does not perpetuate the myths invented by some creative authors to make Mendel's biography more attractive. Mendel's life and work are dramatic enough without those embellishments. Mendel found happiness in science and he was able to explain the theory of new scientific facts. He was not a tragic figure, he did not work to become famous, but to be useful. His pea research has now been appreciated as a genius accomplishment of a scientist. The book is published at the occasion of Mendel's birthday bicentennial.

This volume explores the latest approaches used to assess trophoblast angiogenesis, transport function, cellular respirations, migration, and invasion. The chapters in this book cover topics such as various methods to study and manipulate primary trophoblast cells; strategies using liposomes to deliver biomolecules to trophoblasts; in vitro models of the placenta that emulate the cellular interactions in the 3D uterine environment; and models exploring heterogenous cell types and 3D-organoid structures that represent cell-to-cell interactions in vivo. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Trophoblasts: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that will help researchers better understand the function of the placenta and its complex contribution to maternal health and fetal development, and also provide greater insights to the area of study known as the developmental origins of health and diseases (DoHaD).

Engineering Biology for Microbial Biosynthesis of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds will be of great interest to undergraduate and graduate students, scientists, researchers, and engineers who work on the microbial production of plant-derived bioactive compounds. As many plant-derived bioactive compounds are the foundation of effective drugs to cure diseases, it's important to understand the limits of their applications in drugs and other industries. With the development of synthetic biology and green biomanufacturing, the biosynthesis of complex bioactive compounds is possible. However, the engineering fundamentals for microbial biosynthetic of plant-derived bioactive compounds is vast. This book summarizes the engineering fundamental biotechnologies for microbial production of plant-derived bioactive compounds, allowing the content to be easily accessed. Coverage includes summaries of key achievements, identification of challenges, current approaches, tips and tricks, and helpful insights into critical bottlenecks.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 16th volume of a continuing series.Chapter "e;Epithelial Stem Cells: Making, Shaping and Breaking the Niche"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This detailed volume explores methods currently used to investigate the cell wall of various bacterial species and pathogens. By using a combination of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cytological techniques, the protocols address many fundamental questions involving the composition, biosynthesis, and regulation of bacterial peptidoglycan. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Bacterial Cell Wall: Methods and Protocols provides current and future researchers with a compilation of many of the most important and useful procedures in a single resource.

This edited volumeaims to describe physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie human maternal-fetal interactions. The book emphasizes the structure and development of the fetoplacental unit, the endocrine and nutritional regulation of fetal development, nitric oxide signalling, solute carriers function and ion channels regulation in healthy pregnancies and diseases, like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and maternal obesity, among others. Also, we highlight novel mechanisms associated with language impairment in children, the use of serotonin inhibitors or cannabis during pregnancy, and maternal conditions' potential impact on cerebrovascular development in newborns and infants. The cellular and molecular understanding of maternal-fetal physiology and pathophysiology will allow the readers to understand the impact of diseases or conditions that are highly prevalent in pregnant women.

This fully updated volume explores improved and extended protocols for embryonic stem cell (ESC) research, provided with the most direct and informative methodologies currently available. The book examines how these models for cell lineage and differentiation studies have continued to mature into a critical research workhorse. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, Fourth Edition serves as an ideal resource for researching mining the depths of the ESC field.

This volume covers comprehensive methods on ways to assess structural and ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and microglia using state-of-the-art microscopy techniques including super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, and ultra-high field MRI. The chapters in this book cover topics such as analysis of neurodegeneration in the post-mortem characterization of preclinical animal models, in vivo modeling in cell death in different model systems and brain organoids, single cell clonal analysis using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers in genetic mouse models, and genome and proteomic methods for analysis of mRNA dynamics and quantitation of targeted peptides. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any scientist and researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.

This book provides an overview of some of the latest developments in the medical sciences, with particular emphasis on the experimental and theoretical aspects of modern medicine. In recent years, researchers working in applied health sciences have been able to identify diseases indicated by chemokines. Among the topics discussed in this book are chemokines affecting platelet functions, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress parameters in COVID-19, chemokines at the intersection of diabetes-tuberculosis synergy, chemokines in periodontal diseases, pathogenic links between hepato-digestive disorders and periodontal conditions, and IL-inflammatory carcinogenesis. Other areas included are the role of 23 receptor gene variations, the relationship between interleukin-5 Receptor polymorphism, and immunological parameters in children with asthma. The book's primary target audience includes students, researchers, medical practitioners, dentists, pharmacologists, and professionals interested in related fields. The book has been written by expert international scientists active in research in the health and applied sciences. We hope it will increase scientists' knowledge of the complexity of some medical approaches, and encourage both professionals and students to devote part of their future research to understanding the mechanisms and applications of chemokines.

This volume details comprehensive protocols and methodologies to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics in different tissues and cells involving health and pathological states. Chapters guide readers through methods for assessment of the energy metabolism including Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR), mitochondrial membrane potential, and measuring mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, and ROS emission. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting, and systematic reproducible protocols.  Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mitochondria: Methods and Protocols aims to be a foundation for future studies and to be a source of inspiration for new investigations in the field. 

This volume provides detailed protocols for the identification and understanding of vasculogenic mimicry process in vitro and in vivo, in addition to protocols for microscopy and histology. Chapters guide readers through different materials, commercial and homemade scaffolds, Matrigel, cancer spheroids, 3D tissue constructs, vasculogenic processes, and mathematical model building. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Vasculogenic Mimicry: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. 

This detailed volume presents a series of methods exploring membrane trafficking research, ranging from genetics and high-resolution imaging to in vitro biochemical and biophysical assays. Covering virtually all the major trafficking branches, the book delves into the exocytic pathway, which focuses on cargo transport from the ER to the Golgi, through the Golgi cisternae, and to the plasma membrane and the extracellular space; the endocytic pathway, which includes cargo endocytosis, endosomal recycling, and lysosomal degradation; as well as emerging topics beyond the conventional exocytic and endocytic pathways. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Membrane Trafficking: Methods and Protocols provides techniques with broad applications as an ideal guide for junior researchers new to membrane trafficking as well as established membrane biologists seeking to expand their research programs.

This book addresses the structural and biological properties of the extracellular matrix component and glycosaminoglycan polymer hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA).The book discusses various aspects of HA biology, e.g., HA synthesis and degradation, as well as the role of HA in embryogenesis, development, and cell maintenance. The reader will learn about the role of HA in different tissues as well as its biological activities triggered by the interaction with different HA receptors. A closer look is had at the involvement of HA in human pathologies such as cancer, kidney fibrosis and wound healing. Biotechnological and biomedical applications for HA such as scaffold generation and drug delivery, including the novel synthetic sulphated HA are explored.This work will appeal to a wide readership within the extracellular matrix and hyaluronan field. It can serve as an introduction to the field for junior scientists but can also help senior scientists to gain a broader view of the field beyond their area of specialization.The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology and the International Society for Matrix Biology.

This book provides a unique, comprehensive, and up-to-date overview of the various NADPH oxidases and narrates the history of their discovery, biochemical characteristics, genetics, molecular structure, and multiple functions in health and disease. It covers the subject in a manner that serves both the expert and the novice researcher in the field.The book starts with an overview of the major milestones in the discovery of the archetypical NADPH oxidase, known as cytochrome b558, and its cytosolic regulators. This is followed by personal recollections by pioneers of the field, descriptions of the work of the major figures of the past by their followers, and a rendering of the history of the discovery of the Nox family. The central section of the book consists of chapters devoted specifically to an in depth description of the individual members of the Nox family, and is followed by chapters focused on the modulators of their function. A subsequent section comprises chapters dealing with methodologies of Nox research, interaction with other proteins, and Nox inhibitors. A distinct section of the book deals with non-mammalian Noxs, from amoeba to zebrafish. Subsequent chapters focus on Nox structure, a field in which extraordinary progress was made in recent years. The volume ends with chapters on Chronic Granulomatous Disease, the consequence of Nox loss-of-function, and its treatment by gene therapy. The coda is a crystal ball perspective of the hopes for the clinical translation of basic Nox research. Written for biochemists, cell biologists, molecular biologists, and clinicians, this book is aimed at both senior scientists and young investigators in the field.

This book acts as a field-guide for human cells. The book¿s unique structure first separates cells by what makes them distinctive, and then examines the essential ¿tools and parts¿ needed for both the cells¿ specialized function, and also the basic mechanisms that are shared with most other cells. The chapters highlight interactions between multiple cell types, exploring areas such as immunology and cancer to exemplify the complex coordination of cells, as well as the manipulation of normal cell interactions. This book works as a companion reference for an academic text in cell and molecular science, and will be of general interest to anyone who wants to learn more about how cells work and interact.

This volume provides a comprehensive collection of experimental protocols for investigating ferroptosis in different systems, including cultured cells, animal models, and human tissues. The techniques covered in this book look at various aspects of ferroptosis ranging from the detection of lipid peroxidation to the measurement of glutathione peroxidase activity and the evaluation of mitochondrial morphology. Chapters also discuss basic molecular biology methods such as quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, and advanced imaging techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Ferroptosis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in studying ferroptosis in different contexts including basic research, drug discovery, and clinical applications.

This detailed book delves into the diverse techniques and applications to target, isolate, image, phenotype, and analyze tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages. The contents aim to describe the current knowledge about macrophage development and function which forces the scientific field to move beyond the previously described M1/M2 macrophage paradigm to be able to dissect macrophage functions within their specific niches during health and disease. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and practical, Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Methods and Protocols provides scientists entering the macrophage field with information and tools that allow them to dive into the state-of-the-art methodology used in this vital field.

Molecular Impacts of Nanoparticles on Plants and Algae covers molecular mechanisms of plants/algae related to cellular uptake, translocation of nanoparticles, and genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome responses against it. The book introduces readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends of nanoparticles and plants/algae including interactions of nanoparticles with biological compounds in vitro. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have rapidly been developed in the last few decades, and they have a wide range of applications in industry, medicine, food, and agriculture. In agriculture, nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully been used for growth regulation, crop protection and improvement. This book presents the most recent findings on nanoparticle and plant/algae interaction by focusing on molecular response mechanisms at genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels. In addition, uptake and translocation mechanism of nanoparticles are assessed both in plant and algae. Throughout this book, the latest developments and discoveries are highlighted, along with open problems and future challenges in molecular mechanisms of plants/algae as a response of nanoparticles.