Mikrobiologi (ikke-medicinsk)

Mikrobiologi - teori og praksis fokuserer især på bakterier, vira, encellede dyr, alger og visse svampe. Bogen gennemgår først mikrobiologiens historie og fortsætter i de efterfølgende kapitler med en beskrivelse af eukaryote og prokaryote organismer samt vira og prioner. Dernæst behandler bogen sygdomsbekæmpelse og anvendelsesmuligheder for mikroorganismer. Bogen afsluttes med nogle cases, der lægger op til videre studier.Mikrobiologi - teori og praksis egner sig til undervisningen i biologi på stx, hf og htx. Desuden er bogen anvendlig på videregående uddannelser.

Vi kan ikke se den, ikke høre den, ikke mærke den, men den er overalt: en verden af levende organismer så små, at vi ikke kan få øje på dem. Mikrobiologiens mikroorganismer.Mikroorganismerne er på en lang række måder de vigtigste væsener på planeten. Men vi har haft dem ude af øje og ude af sind. Indtil nu. De seneste årtier er der sket en eksplosion i forståelsen af hvor vigtige mikroorganismerne er for vores liv. Der breder sig i forskningsverdenen en forståelse af at mikroorganismer kan rumme nøglen til at løse mange af de store problemer, vi står overfor på planeten: klima, rent vand, fødevarer, sygdomsbekæmpelse, biodiversitet. Mikroorganismerne kan blive vores usynlige allierede.En utrolig succeshistorie om mikroskopiske små væsener, der dukker op fra usynlighedens glemsel for at indtage hovedrollen idet drama, der skal udfoldes i de næsteårtier og århundreder: At redde verden.

Disover the latest advances in the area of microbial bioremediation, with a particular focus on the exciting new field of multiomics technologies.

This detailed volume presents cutting-edge research protocols to study the structure and dynamics of bacterial and archaeal motility systems using bacterial genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, structural biology, cell biology, microscopy imaging, and molecular dynamics simulation. Beginning with a section on bacterial flagellar protein export and assembly, the book continues with chapters covering flagella-driven motility of bacteria, archaella-driven motility of archaea, type IV-driven twitching motility of bacteria, as well as adhesion-based gliding motility of bacteria and other unique motility systems. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and thorough, Bacterial and Archaeal Motility is the ideal reference for researchers working in this vital area of microbiology.

Halomonas titanicae KHS3 es una cepa aislada del puerto de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Es capaz de crecer en hidrocarburos aromáticos y ser quimiotáctica frente a ellos. La quimiotaxis es la capacidad de los microorganismos para moverse hacia los atrayentes o alejarse de los repelentes. Los microorganismos móviles detectan las señales mediante quimiorreceptores y las transmiten a los motores flagelares a través de una cascada de fosforilación que controla la rotación flagelar y, por lo tanto, el comportamiento de nado. Se ha descripto previamente que la quimiotaxis representa una ventaja para los procesos de biorremediación ya que facilita la accesibilidad a los sustratos. El análisis de la secuencia genómica de H. titanicae KHS3 reveló la presencia de dos grupos quimiosensoriales (Cluster Che1 y Cluster Che2) y un total de veinticinco genes de quimiorreceptores. El Cluster Che1 incluye genes y una organización similar al grupo de genes de quimiotaxis de E. coli y, presumiblemente, es el responsable del comportamiento quimiotáctico convencional en H. titanicae. En este trabajo estudiamos el rol funcional del Cluster Che1 de Halomonas titanicae KHS3.

This comprehensive volume covers all aspects from the historical discovery of the filarial parasite Loa loa to the latest diagnostics and therapies for all forms of pathology used at the point of care. Current developments in these areas are also highlighted. Expert authors present the epidemiological impact of loiasis and the basic mechanisms underlying the disease in native populations and nonresidents of endemic areas. In addition to particulars on the immunology of the parasite, its general and molecular biology, the clinical manifestation is also described in detail. Both common and atypical clinical manifestations are considered. This book concludes with an outlook on further research and targeted eradication of the disease.Loa loa, known as the "eye worm", is endemic in the rural populations of several African countries and is transmitted by rainforest deerflies. It displays impressive immune adaptation with a wide range of clinical symptoms that remain largely unexplored. The characteristics of this nematode make it of great interest to physicians and researchers specializing in infectious diseases, epidemiology, and immunology. In addition, students and family physicians working with African immigrants and travelers should know about this parasite.Loiasis is a prime example of a neglected disease under the conditions of international health efforts in our globalized world. The present work is intended to promote progress in this field, making it a valuable read within the scope of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).

This book discusses the applications of nanotechnology in clinical microbiology, food microbiology, and green solutions of nanoparticles using microorganisms for a range of benefits. It describes nanotechnology¿s rapid progress in the development of materials used in industry, medicine, drug delivery, and dentistry. The authors further explore how microbiology and nanotechnology separately have proven to be effective for human health solutions keeping an ecological and environmental balance. Domains covered include environmental microbiology, medical microbiology, food microbiology (to control food spoilage), biosynthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, water microbiology, nanofluidic devices for isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules such as DNA that can lead to a new detection scheme for cancer, and various fields such as pharmacy, clinical research, agriculture etc. This book will be essential reading to a wide range of scholars and researchers interestedin microbiology along with nanotechnology applications for efficient solutions to cancer detection, biosensors, vaccines research, agriculture, wastewater management etc.

This edited volume covers sustainable biomass valorization and its application in various sectors.Bioenergy has concerned enormous attention as a promising alternative to conventional energy resources. Abundance of bioresources and their renewable nature provides a distinct advantage to biofuels from sustainability perspective. Biofuels have found increasing applications in the energy and transportation sector in recent years. Blended fuels are being used worldwide. However, several challenges remain to be addressed due to the diverse nature of biomasses and inherent recalcitrant nature of biological materials used as feedstock. This book aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the production of bioenergy and its applications in various areas. Specific emphasis is given to production of biofuels from modern biomass such as agro-forest waste and dedicated non-edible energy crops that do not interfere with food production. The scope of the book covers synthesis and characterization of biologically derived fuels, advances in microbiological methods and enzyme engineering approaches. The book covers techno-economic analysis to identify challenges and prospects for commercialization of biofuels. The directions for future research should pave way for net zero scenario for a sustainable world.The book will cater to a wide range of readers interested in learning the fundamentals as well as advances in the field of biofuels.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Preparedness covers the causative agents, outbreaks, and clinical management of emerging and re-emerging viral hemorrhagic fevers. Coverage includes a range of topics from basic virology, epidemiology, and disease pathogenesis of emerging and re-emerging hemorrhagic fever viruses. The book examines host-virus interactions, immune pathogenesis, and recent trends in disease diagnostics. It also covers current state-of-the-art in understanding molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, the potential of molecular markers for disease prognostics, early prediction of disease outcome, advancements in diagnosis and drug development, and strategies in pandemic preparation, mitigation, and responses in public health security. With chapters written and compiled by a team of well-known virologists, clinicians as well as regulatory and public health experts. This book is a comprehensive guide that will help users understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical management of emerging and re-emerging viruses causing hemorrhagic diseases.

This book focuses on the various applications of microorganisms for sustainable environment and the reduction of hazardous pollutants released in various forms, including xenobiotics, e-waste, pesticides, insecticides, plastic, heavy metals, paper waste, medical waste, textile dyes, and their impact on environmental and human health. The book involves a series of research reports that explain the application of microbes used to solve real-life issues raised due to changes happening in environment, including pollution, by covering applications, including the use of bacteria, fungi, microalgae and biofilm in the detection and degradation of crude oil, pesticides, dyes, e-waste, heavy metals and other pollutants. It also focuses on integrative strategies in the application of microbial nanomaterials for remediation of pollutant. This material will help environmental scientists and microbiologists to learn about existing environmental problems and suggest novel ways to control or contain their effects by employing various treatment approaches.

This book illustrates the importance and significance of the systems approach in deciphering diverse aspects of host-parasite interactions in infection dynamics. It describes the complex issues and state-of-the-art progress in the infection biology of parasitic protozoa. The book explores the current concepts and paradigms of gene expression, metabolome, and immune remodeling in these diseases. The chapters encompass updates on the parasitic tropism, co-evolution, systemic responses in hosts, and translational approaches. It provides an overview of the parasite's efficient ways of exploiting host molecules and describes pathways for their survival, differentiation, and replication within the host cells. The book also delineates the role of inflammasomes and their activation in response to the protozoan parasite. The book discusses technological progress and machine learning-based modeling approaches to revisit parasitic infection from a non-conventional perspective. Collectively this book offers a comprehensive purview of concepts and paradigms in parasitic infection in the form of an updated yet discernible elucidation.

This volume explores in detail the molecular biology, genetics and immunology of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori that causes serious gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. The book provides in-depth insights into the mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathogenicity, gives an overview of how the bacterium colonizes the human gut, how it manages to persist in the body and which factors play a role in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Furthermore, the interaction between the Gram-negative bacterium and the human gut microbiome is explored, and clinical management and treatment strategies to combat gastric cancer are discussed.Helicobacter pylori is an extremely successful pathogen that persistently colonizes the gut of about 50% of the world¿s population. H. pylori and its human host share a long co-evolutionary relationship that dates back for at least last 100,000 years and possibly longer. Infection by thisbacterium is a high-risk factor for the development of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents the 5th most common malignant tumour and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. H. pylori is the first bacterium that has been classified as a type-I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Recent research progress identified crucial bacterial, host and environmental factors which control H. pylori-induced gastric malignancy. New studies also suggest that specific human germline mutations and other genetic aberrations have an important impact on H. pylori-induced pathology. In this volume, all these recently discovered mechanisms are reviewed in the light of gastric cancer development, and H. pylori epidemiology, virulence factors, immune evasion, pathophysiology, cancer signalling and novel therapeutic protocols are presented. This volume is aimed at researchers in the fields of immunology, genetics, microbiology and medicine who are interested in the detailed mechanisms of the pathogenicity of this carcinogenic stomach bacterium.

Pollen is made up of many chemical constituents such as proteins, sugars, lipids, minerals and phytochemicals. These components make pollen products an excellent source of nutrients and antioxidants for consumers. However, mycotoxigenic fungi are also common in pollen, creating contamination from generated mycotoxins. With adequate monitoring, sampling, processing and storage of pollen the development of mycotoxins can be significantly prevented. Since pollen grain has strong membranes which can limit the bioavailability of some nutrients and phytochemicals, novel methods and pretreatments are required with special emphasis on microbiological pretreatment methodologies. Pollen Chemistry & Biotechnology summarizes current knowledge of the chemical composition of pollen, its importance as a functional food ingredient and its health promoting properties. As Introduction part a short elaborate about botanical characteristics and data, including morphology and anatomy of pollen and bee preferences, is given. Important factors such as the botanical and geographical origin, best practices for preservation of nutritional composition, bioactivity and safety of pollen are covered in full. The nutritional profile of pollen based on data for minerals, lipids and nutrients is presented. A detailed phytochemical profile of pollen based on data for phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, bioactive compounds is also covered. Areas for the improvement of the bioavailability of different nutrients and bioactive compounds of pollen via applied pretreatments are presented, as are best practices for adequate pollen collection, procession and storage in order to obtain safe products. At the end, an overview about pollen bioactivity as reason to use it as source of pharmaceuticals is made.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with discussions of the latest technology and advancements in the development of RNA vaccines and proposed solutions on how to tackle currently unmet medical needs. The chapters in this book are organized into four parts and cover topics such as replication and non-replicating RNA vectors, formulation and delivery of RNA vaccines, and clinical and nonclinical development of RNA vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Practical and comprehensive, RNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for any researcher interested in learning more about this important and developing field.

In diesem essential werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Identifizierung von Bakterien dargestellt. Zunächst werden allgemeine Eigenschaften von Bakterien (Zellaufbau, Form, Stoffwechsel) beschrieben. Im Anschluss werden Anzucht und Vereinzelung und der Einsatz von Selektivmedien erklärt. Nach einer Darstellung der Gramfärbung werden einige biochemische Tests inklusive der Standard-Methode API zur Identifizierung erläutert. Abschließend werden moderne Analysemethoden (Schnelltests, PCR, LAMP, Sequenzierung und MALDI-TOF MS) beschrieben sowie Stärken und Schwächen zusammengefasst.

This volume details a wide range of basic and advanced techniques associated with research on isolation of important soil protozoa, and identification. Chapters guide readers through calculations of soil protists, basic techniques for isolation, enumeration, enrichment, molecular techniques, and staining techniques. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Practical Handbook on Soil Protists aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Microbial bioremediation and biodegradation in environmental monitoring offers an environmentally friendly approach for the monitoring and effective removal of contaminants. Various aspects of microbial-mediated bioremediation take advantage of the microorganisms' ability to transform noxious compounds into utilizable intermediates and value-added products. Different microbial metabolites such as enzymes, biosurfactants, emulsifiers, organic acids, and solvents play significant roles in the decontamination of radioactive and heavy metals, chemical pesticides, and organic contaminants such as dyes and hydrocarbons in environmentally safe manners. Recent advancements in biochemical engineering, OMICS and genetic modification, and synthetic-biology pave ways for identifying indicator microbial strains, mechanisms of remediation, and the development of tailor-made microbe-metabolites for future applications. Microbial biotechnology in environmental monitoring and bioremediation thus represent a new way to rehabilitate and reconstruct "e;damaged"e; ecosystems.This work summarizes the latest research in the field of environmental bioremediation and offers fascinating insights on the behaviours of these unique microorganisms. It also presents exciting, new perspectives for the application of microbes in environmental protection. It is suitable for students, scholars, researchers and organizations involved in environmental protection.

Since the publication of the first edition of "e;The Mycota Vol. V - Plant Relationships"e; in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions.In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens.Highlighting the recent developments in fungus-plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.