Mikrobiologi (ikke-medicinsk)

Ce livre traite de l'importance de l'eau, qui est l'une des ressources naturelles essentielles à la vie humaine et à l'équilibre des écosystèmes, ainsi qu'à l'économie dans les secteurs primaire et secondaire. Cependant, la diminution et la qualité de l'eau sont devenues un problème mondial qui met en péril la survie de l'humanité, nécessitant une surveillance de la part des organismes compétents et de la population en général, car les sources d'eau sont sujettes à la contamination par des micro-organismes pathogènes, responsables de la transmission de maladies d'origine hydrique. Dans cette optique, l'objectif est de réaliser une analyse microbiologique (coliformes) de l'eau distribuée par le microsystème souterrain d'approvisionnement en eau aux habitations du quartier Urumari II à Santarém-PA, où des échantillons ont été prélevés, collectés et analysés selon la technique du nombre le plus probable (NPP) en utilisant la méthode des tubes multiples. Compte tenu des irrégularités constatées, la présence de coliformes totaux et de coliformes thermotolérants ne respecte pas les limites maximales légales autorisées par l'ordonnance 2.914/2011.

This comprehensive volume covers all aspects from the historical discovery of the filarial parasite Loa loa to the latest diagnostics and therapies for all forms of pathology used at the point of care. Current developments in these areas are also highlighted. Expert authors present the epidemiological impact of loiasis and the basic mechanisms underlying the disease in native populations and nonresidents of endemic areas. In addition to particulars on the immunology of the parasite, its general and molecular biology, the clinical manifestation is also described in detail. Both common and atypical clinical manifestations are considered. This book concludes with an outlook on further research and targeted eradication of the disease.Loa loa, known as the "eye worm", is endemic in the rural populations of several African countries and is transmitted by rainforest deerflies. It displays impressive immune adaptation with a wide range of clinical symptoms that remain largely unexplored. The characteristics of this nematode make it of great interest to physicians and researchers specializing in infectious diseases, epidemiology, and immunology. In addition, students and family physicians working with African immigrants and travelers should know about this parasite.Loiasis is a prime example of a neglected disease under the conditions of international health efforts in our globalized world. The present work is intended to promote progress in this field, making it a valuable read within the scope of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).

This book discusses the applications of nanotechnology in clinical microbiology, food microbiology, and green solutions of nanoparticles using microorganisms for a range of benefits. It describes nanotechnology¿s rapid progress in the development of materials used in industry, medicine, drug delivery, and dentistry. The authors further explore how microbiology and nanotechnology separately have proven to be effective for human health solutions keeping an ecological and environmental balance. Domains covered include environmental microbiology, medical microbiology, food microbiology (to control food spoilage), biosynthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, water microbiology, nanofluidic devices for isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules such as DNA that can lead to a new detection scheme for cancer, and various fields such as pharmacy, clinical research, agriculture etc. This book will be essential reading to a wide range of scholars and researchers interestedin microbiology along with nanotechnology applications for efficient solutions to cancer detection, biosensors, vaccines research, agriculture, wastewater management etc.

As plantas medicinais desempenham um papel importante no desenvolvimento de agentes terapêuticos potentes. Este livro inclui a potencialidade dos agentes de biocontrolo no controlo das doenças foliares causadas por fungos patogénicos nas plantas medicinais. Os agentes patogénicos foliares não só causam doenças como, em casos extremos, também afectam o crescimento e a produtividade da planta e dos seus produtos. A aplicação de fungicidas químicos para controlar as doenças das plantas tem efeitos nocivos para as plantas, os animais e os seres humanos a longo prazo, pelo que o controlo biológico das doenças das plantas, incluindo os agentes patogénicos fúngicos, tem sido considerado um método alternativo viável ao controlo químico. No presente estudo, a eficácia antagonista dos microrganismos parece ser uma medida eficaz não só no controlo das doenças das plantas, como também a sua aplicação demonstrou um efeito profundo na melhoria do crescimento das plantas e no reforço da sua imunidade no combate à doença.

This book discusses the role of microbes in agriculture for plant attributes, soil fertility, and bio-remediation, which aid in sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, due to increase in human population, it is essential to increase food productivity in the near future, but exhaustive non-sustainable agricultural practices such as the usage of agrochemicals threaten food security, the economy, and the environment globally. Soil deterioration is the most serious environmental threat to food production, resulting in poverty and hunger in developing countries. As a result, the global community has faced challenges regarding the development of ecologically sound, efficient, and long-term alternative options to meet rising food requirements. Therefore, to contribute to food security, the advancement of sustainable and innovative modern agriculture aimed at addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges connected with present intense non-sustainable agriculture practices is required. As a result, beneficial microbial inoculants will be widely used in the development of new strategies to increase sustainable food production. Bioinoculant application helps to provide nutrients that directly support soil health and sustainable food production. Hence, this book offers the role of microbial inoculants for better agronomical performance for sustainable advancement in agriculture and also pays attention to soil health improvement for extensive period benefits. The book will be highly recommended for agriculture microbiologists, agronomists, plant pathologists, and related areas.

This edited volume covers sustainable biomass valorization and its application in various sectors.Bioenergy has concerned enormous attention as a promising alternative to conventional energy resources. Abundance of bioresources and their renewable nature provides a distinct advantage to biofuels from sustainability perspective. Biofuels have found increasing applications in the energy and transportation sector in recent years. Blended fuels are being used worldwide. However, several challenges remain to be addressed due to the diverse nature of biomasses and inherent recalcitrant nature of biological materials used as feedstock. This book aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the production of bioenergy and its applications in various areas. Specific emphasis is given to production of biofuels from modern biomass such as agro-forest waste and dedicated non-edible energy crops that do not interfere with food production. The scope of the book covers synthesis and characterization of biologically derived fuels, advances in microbiological methods and enzyme engineering approaches. The book covers techno-economic analysis to identify challenges and prospects for commercialization of biofuels. The directions for future research should pave way for net zero scenario for a sustainable world.The book will cater to a wide range of readers interested in learning the fundamentals as well as advances in the field of biofuels.

This book illustrates the importance and significance of the systems approach in deciphering diverse aspects of host-parasite interactions in infection dynamics. It describes the complex issues and state-of-the-art progress in the infection biology of parasitic protozoa. The book explores the current concepts and paradigms of gene expression, metabolome, and immune remodeling in these diseases. The chapters encompass updates on the parasitic tropism, co-evolution, systemic responses in hosts, and translational approaches. It provides an overview of the parasite's efficient ways of exploiting host molecules and describes pathways for their survival, differentiation, and replication within the host cells. The book also delineates the role of inflammasomes and their activation in response to the protozoan parasite. The book discusses technological progress and machine learning-based modeling approaches to revisit parasitic infection from a non-conventional perspective. Collectively this book offers a comprehensive purview of concepts and paradigms in parasitic infection in the form of an updated yet discernible elucidation.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the large scale production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer with immense potential for sustaiable materials. This thesis aims to explore the intricacies of PHB production on a grand scale and delve into the comparative analysis of production from halophilic and non halophilics strains. By investigating the unique characteristics and metabolic pathways of these microbial strains, we seek to shed light on the efficiency, yield and quality of PHB production. Through comprehensive examination of various production methods, fermentation conditions, and down stream processing techniques. This study aims the contribute to the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices and provide insights into the suitability of halophilic and non halophilic strains for large scale PHB production.

This book presents the current state of knowledge regarding the ability of Helicobacter pylori to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, the global epidemiology of H. pylori infection, transmission routes, the pathophysiology of H. pylori-related gastroduodenal and other diseases, diagnosis and treatment methods, guidelines for eradication, antibiotic resistance, the reinfection and recrudescence rate after H. pylori eradication, the effect of H. pylori and its eradication on the gastric microbiota and animal models of H. pylori or related Helicobacter infection. The aim is to equip readers around the world with the understanding required in order to implement effective methods of H. pylori eradication and to enhance clinical outcomes for patients. In addition, readers can understand the interaction between H. pylori and other gut microbiota during chronic infection and after H. pylori eradication. The text is clearly written and is complemented by many helpful illustrations. This book will be a great asset in clinical practice for all practitioners who are involved in caring for patients with H. pylori-related diseases or have an interest in the subject. It will also be a useful source of information for medical students and for intelligent laypeople seeking information on H. pylori.

The book "Oral Microbiome in Endocarditis Patients" focuses on the analysis of the human oral microbiome in patients with infective endocarditis and healthy individuals. The author, Sathya Narayanan.G, uses 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis to investigate the microbial diversity and composition of the oral cavity in these two groups. The book highlights the importance of oral health in the prevention of infective endocarditis, a serious condition in which the inner lining of the heart becomes infected. The author examines the role of specific bacterial species in the development of infective endocarditis and explores potential treatment strategies based on this knowledge. The book also provides valuable insights into the normal composition of the oral microbiome in healthy individuals, which can be used as a reference for future studies. The author discusses the impact of various factors such as diet, smoking, and hygiene on the oral microbiome and its potential implications for overall health.Overall, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiome in relation to infective endocarditis and highlights the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene for overall health.

This book is an essential resource for anyone delving into the complex world of pathogenic microorganisms and the diseases they cause. This book is meticulously structured to provide the foundational aspects of medical microbiology in a clear, concise, and easily digestible format, making it an invaluable tool for students and professionals alike.Divided into six units, the book adopts a hierarchical organization inspired by Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including the characteristics of pathogens, the pathogenesis and multiplication of viruses, the life cycles of parasites, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various diseases. The initial section sets the stage by offering a general overview of normal flora, host-microbe interactions, antimicrobial chemotherapy, vaccines, and the epidemiology of infectious diseases.What sets this book apart is its detailed exposition of identifying features of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. This is achieved through comprehensive descriptions involving microscopy, macroscopy, culture media, and biochemical tests, providing a thorough understanding of each pathogen."Medical Microbiology" is an ideal textbook for undergraduate students across various disciplines such as microbiology, biotechnology, zoology, nursing, pharmaceutics, and medicine. Its practical approach is further enhanced with the inclusion of spotters, practicals, and model questions at the end of each chapter, making it a perfect guide for exam preparation.Moreover, this book serves as an invaluable source for those preparing for competitive exams like ICMR, CSIR, UGC, NET, SLET, and others. It's more than just a textbook; it's a comprehensive guide that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in the field of medical microbiology.Whether you're a student seeking to excel in your studies or a healthcare professional aiming to stay updated in the field, "Medical Microbiology: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Professionals" is an indispensable addition to your library.

This volume explores in detail the molecular biology, genetics and immunology of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori that causes serious gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. The book provides in-depth insights into the mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathogenicity, gives an overview of how the bacterium colonizes the human gut, how it manages to persist in the body and which factors play a role in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Furthermore, the interaction between the Gram-negative bacterium and the human gut microbiome is explored, and clinical management and treatment strategies to combat gastric cancer are discussed.Helicobacter pylori is an extremely successful pathogen that persistently colonizes the gut of about 50% of the world¿s population. H. pylori and its human host share a long co-evolutionary relationship that dates back for at least last 100,000 years and possibly longer. Infection by thisbacterium is a high-risk factor for the development of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents the 5th most common malignant tumour and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. H. pylori is the first bacterium that has been classified as a type-I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Recent research progress identified crucial bacterial, host and environmental factors which control H. pylori-induced gastric malignancy. New studies also suggest that specific human germline mutations and other genetic aberrations have an important impact on H. pylori-induced pathology. In this volume, all these recently discovered mechanisms are reviewed in the light of gastric cancer development, and H. pylori epidemiology, virulence factors, immune evasion, pathophysiology, cancer signalling and novel therapeutic protocols are presented. This volume is aimed at researchers in the fields of immunology, genetics, microbiology and medicine who are interested in the detailed mechanisms of the pathogenicity of this carcinogenic stomach bacterium.

Pollen is made up of many chemical constituents such as proteins, sugars, lipids, minerals and phytochemicals. These components make pollen products an excellent source of nutrients and antioxidants for consumers. However, mycotoxigenic fungi are also common in pollen, creating contamination from generated mycotoxins. With adequate monitoring, sampling, processing and storage of pollen the development of mycotoxins can be significantly prevented. Since pollen grain has strong membranes which can limit the bioavailability of some nutrients and phytochemicals, novel methods and pretreatments are required with special emphasis on microbiological pretreatment methodologies. Pollen Chemistry & Biotechnology summarizes current knowledge of the chemical composition of pollen, its importance as a functional food ingredient and its health promoting properties. As Introduction part a short elaborate about botanical characteristics and data, including morphology and anatomy of pollen and bee preferences, is given. Important factors such as the botanical and geographical origin, best practices for preservation of nutritional composition, bioactivity and safety of pollen are covered in full. The nutritional profile of pollen based on data for minerals, lipids and nutrients is presented. A detailed phytochemical profile of pollen based on data for phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, bioactive compounds is also covered. Areas for the improvement of the bioavailability of different nutrients and bioactive compounds of pollen via applied pretreatments are presented, as are best practices for adequate pollen collection, procession and storage in order to obtain safe products. At the end, an overview about pollen bioactivity as reason to use it as source of pharmaceuticals is made.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the large scale production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer with immense potential for sustaiable materials. This thesis aims to explore the intricacies of PHB production on a grand scale and delve into the comparative analysis of production from halophilic and non halophilics strains. By investigating the unique characteristics and metabolic pathways of these microbial strains, we seek to shed light on the efficiency, yield and quality of PHB production. Through comprehensive examination of various production methods, fermentation conditions, and down stream processing techniques. This study aims the contribute to the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices and provide insights into the suitability of halophilic and non halophilic strains for large scale PHB production.

O nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e bacteriológicas da água potável da cidade de Bouira, a fim de definir a sua qualidade. No âmbito do nosso estudo, foram efectuadas análises a quatro amostras, especificando os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, T°, cond, sal, Tds, etc.) e a pesquisa de germes: germes totais, coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, estreptococos fecais e Clostridium sulfito-redutores. Os resultados mostraram que as análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas eram de boa qualidade e transferiam os critérios de potabilidade com referência às normas nacionais e às directivas da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Dada a ausência de germes patogénicos resultantes de contaminação fecal. Isto leva-nos a considerar que a água potável da cidade de Bouira é de muito boa qualidade.

Our study focused on evaluating the physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of drinking water in the city of Bouira, in order to define its quality. As part of our study, analyses were carried out on four samples, specifying the physico-chemical parameters (pH, T°, cond, sal, Tds, etc.) and looking for any germs that might be present: total germs, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and sulphite-reducing Clostridium. The results showed that the physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses were of good quality and transferred the potability criteria with reference to national standards and World Health Organization guidelines. Given the absence of pathogenic germs resulting from faecal contamination. This has led us to consider the drinking water in the city of Bouira to be of very good quality.

Embark on an intriguing journey into the microscopic world of viruses with "Virology," a beginner-friendly guide that demystifies one of the most dynamic areas of biological science.This book gently introduces you to the basics of virology. Discover the diverse world of viruses - from their unique structures and life cycles to the significant role they play in our ecosystem and human health."Virology" breaks down complex concepts into easy-to-understand language, supported by engaging illustrations and real-world examples. You will learn about the history of virology, including landmark discoveries and the evolution of our understanding of viruses. The book also delves into the impact of viruses on human health, discussing well-known viruses and recent global challenges.Whether you are a curious reader, a student starting a course in life sciences, or someone interested in understanding the viral phenomena that influence our world, "Virology" is your accessible and informative guide. Step into the world of these fascinating entities and gain a new appreciation for their role in the tapestry of life.

In this study, 306 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) strains were isolated from the hospital environment, 74.51% of them enterobacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to various families of antibiotics, in particular ¿-lactam antibiotics, although imipenem, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones were remarkably effective. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection tests were used to characterize 114 strains of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EBLSE). Analysis of plasmid profiles showed that multi-resistant strains host 1 to 4 plasmids ranging from 1Kb to 170Kb. Conjugation experiments showed co-transfer of gentamicin and cotrimoxazole resistance to plasmids of 10Kb, 20Kb, 125Kb or 165Kb. PCR of transconjugating strains detected the bla CTX-M-1, bla TEM and bla SHV genes, as well as the qnrB genes. This study shows that the hospital environment is contaminated by multi-resistant BGN, particularly EBLSE, and that it can be a potential source of epidemics, prompting recommendations to be made within health facilities.

In questo studio sono stati isolati 306 ceppi di bacilli Gram-negativi (GNB) dall'ambiente ospedaliero, il 74,51% dei quali erano enterobatteri. I test di suscettibilità agli antibiotici hanno mostrato una resistenza a diverse famiglie di antibiotici, in particolare agli antibiotici ¿-lattamici, sebbene imipenem, aminoglicosidi e fluorochinoloni siano risultati notevolmente efficaci. I test di rilevamento delle beta-lattamasi a spettro esteso (ESBL) sono stati utilizzati per caratterizzare 114 ceppi di Enterobacteriaceae produttrici di ESBL (EBLSE). L'analisi dei profili plasmidici ha mostrato che i ceppi multiresistenti ospitano da 1 a 4 plasmidi da 1Kb a 170Kb. Gli esperimenti di coniugazione hanno mostrato il trasferimento della resistenza alla gentamicina e al cotrimoxazolo a plasmidi di 10Kb, 20Kb, 125Kb o 165Kb. La PCR dei ceppi transconiugati ha rilevato i geni bla CTX-M-1, bla TEM e bla SHV, nonché i geni qnrB. Questo studio dimostra che l'ambiente ospedaliero è contaminato da BGN multiresistenti, in particolare da EBLSE, e che può essere una potenziale fonte di epidemie, il che spinge a formulare raccomandazioni all'interno delle strutture sanitarie.

The book "Compatibility of Microbial Biocontrol Agents for Stored Product Pest Control" authored by Nagalakshmi S, presents a comprehensive overview of the use of microbial biocontrol agents for controlling stored product pests. The book emphasizes the importance of biocontrol agents as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for controlling stored product pests.The author discusses the different types of microbial biocontrol agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, and their mode of action against stored product pests. The book provides a detailed analysis of the compatibility of various biocontrol agents and their co-application potential for effective pest management. It also highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate biocontrol agent for a particular pest and the necessary precautions to be taken to ensure the safety of the environment and non-target organisms.The book is written in a clear and concise style, making it accessible to a wide range of readers, including students, researchers, and professionals in the field of pest management. It also includes numerous case studies and practical examples to illustrate the application of biocontrol agents for controlling stored product pests. This book will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in sustainable pest management and the use of biocontrol agents for controlling stored product pests.

The book "Effluent Remediation with Fungi and Plants" authored by S.A.M. Kamalasankari, is a comprehensive guide on the use of fungi and plants for the remediation of effluents contaminated with heavy metals. The book discusses the principles and techniques of bioremediation, mycoremediation, and phytoremediation of tannery effluent,which is highly polluted with heavy metals and poses a threat to the environment and public health.The book covers various aspects of remediation, including the identification and selection of suitable fungi and plants, the growth conditions required for their optimal functioning, the mechanisms by which they remove pollutants from the effluent, and the factors affecting their performance. The author also discusses the use of various bioremediation techniques, such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, and biotransformation, in the context of effluent remediation. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals working in the field of environmental science, biotechnology, and waste management. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential of fungi and plants for the remediation of effluent, and offers practical guidance for the design and implementation of effective effluent remediation strategies using these natural agents.

Through engaging text enhanced by beautiful images and design, Bacteria: An alphabetical tour through the microbial world, introduces the reader to a few of its most fascinating residents and how they affect our lives every day.

Master's Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: 82%, , course: MSc. in Microbiology, language: English, abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major environmental health concern in Pakistan. Therefore, the aim of the present study with 18 published studies was to assess the prevalence of MRSA in non-clinical settings in Pakistan based on different years from 2016 to 2022 and different locations.For this, the relevant articles dealing with the prevalence of MRSA were analysed in Pub Me, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Hub and Google from 2016 to 2022. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA software (version 17) and Excel.

This book gives insight into several aspects of the microbiology, biotechnology, and ecosystem sustainability of special and under-explored regions, that captivate human beings by their natural richness, their extensive biodiversity, the extraordinary forms of adaptation of the living beings that they inhabit, and even that keep living secrets as is the very origin of life. The chapters emphasize all aspects of biological diversity-its description, analysis, and conservation, and its controlled rational use by humankind. Also, the book is elaborated from a wide and multidisciplinary point of view. It presents reviews, research papers, comments, and research notes on biodiversity, ethnobiology, geoscience, chemistry, biological conservation, biotechnology, and ecosystem sustainability Two hotspots are the reference for this enriching book that describes details of extraordinary areas of the planet, from Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila (Mexico) to the Southern Western Ghats (India). The book will contribute to dealing with the practicalities of conservation management, economic, social, and political issues. It provides a forum for examining conflicts between sustainable development and human dependence on biodiversity in agriculture, environmental management, and biotechnology, and encourages contributions from developing countries to promote broad global perspectives on matters of biodiversity and conservation.

This edited book deals with latest comprehensive information on conventional and high throughput techniques and technologies that are recently used to study plant microbial interface for agricultural research and enhancing plant productivity. Plant microbiota are important for many plant growth promotion activity and agricultural productivity and are sustainable green technology for enhancing agricultural productivity under changing environment. The book covers recent information about the plant associated microbiota and their ecology. It discusses technologies to isolate and test microbiota inhabiting in different portion of plants. The book explores the conventional methods as well as the most recently recognized high throughput technologies which are important for productive agroecosystems to feed the growing global population.This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, microbiologist, plant and environmental scientist and those interested in environment stewardship around the world. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences and policy makers to be a useful to read.