Filosofi: logik

This book defends logical monism, provides a detailed analysis of different possible formulations of logical pluralism, and offers an original account of the plurality of correct logics that incorporates the benefits of both pluralist and monist approaches to logical consequence. It will appeal to researchers in the philosophy of logic.

Die logische Frage ist eine der zentralsten, wenn nicht gar die zentralste Fragestellung der Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts. In ihr kristallisiert sich das Selbstverstandnis der Philosophie, ihr Anspruch auf eine Deutungshoheit, ihre Stellung zu den anderen' Wissenschaften. In seiner subjektiven Logik formuliert Hegel den Anspruch das verknocherte Material"e; der klassischen Logik wieder in Bewegung zu bringen, um eine Neubestimmung der Logik und ihres Verhaltnisses zu den Einzelwissenschaften zu ermoglichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit sucht Hegels subjektive Logik in den Kontext der das 19. Jahrhundert pragenden Logikreformdiskussion zu stellen. Es soll dabei nicht darum gehen, das Schicksal der Philosophie an das Schicksal der Hegelschen Philosophie zu knupfen, wohl aber um die Moglichkeit, Hegelsche Argumente innerhalb der Philosophie als einer immer noch aktuellen Zeit- und Streitfrage am Leben zu erhalten. Die Erorterung der logischen Frage schliet deshalb mit einer Hegelschen Antwort ab, die einen Ausblick auf eine kritische Naturphilosophie eroffnen soll.

Normalerweise ist es im Sommer warm. Doch was heißt eigentlich ?normalerweise?? Mit dieser Fragestellung beschäftigt sich die Autorin dieses Buches. Dabei unterscheidet sie statistische von nicht-statistischen Deutungen. Im Lichte dieser Unterscheidung wird die Frage nach der Bedeutung von Normalität aus der philosophisch-logischen Sicht beleuchtet und ein Beitrag zur interdisziplinären Diskussion um die Thematik geleistet.

This book offers a revisionist approach to categories, arguing that the standard philosophical approach is substantially correct in some respects, but markedly mistaken in others. The result is a distinctly pragmatic approach to categories and categorization, with implications regarding philosophical problematic and paradox in philosophy of mind, epistemology and metaphysics, philosophy of science, social philosophy and ethics.

This Handbook offers students and more advanced readers a valuable resource for understanding linguistic reference; the relation between an expression (word, phrase, sentence) and what that expression is about. The volume's forty-one original chapters, written by many of today's leading philosophers of language, are organized into ten parts:I Early Descriptive TheoriesII Causal Theories of ReferenceIII Causal Theories and Cognitive SignificanceIV Alternate TheoriesV Two-Dimensional SemanticsVI Natural Kind Terms and RigidityVII The Empty CaseVIII Singular (De Re) ThoughtsIX IndexicalsX Epistemology of Reference¿Contributions consider what kinds of expressions actually refer (names, general terms, indexicals, empty terms, sentences), what referring expressions refer to, what makes an expression refer to whatever it does, connections between meaning and reference, and how we know facts about reference. Many contributions also develop connections between linguistic reference and issues in metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science.

Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation, WoLLIC 2022, Iasi, Romania, in September 2022. The 25 full papers presented included with 8 extra abstracts, 5 invited talks and 3 tutorials were fully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. The conference aims fostering interdisciplinary research in pure and applied logic.

First published in 1990 The Philosopher's Habitat introduces the subject by investigating a variety of the problems which are currently engaging philosophers, and which can be made intelligible to an absolute beginner.

This accessible book provides a practical discussion of the main elements of argumentation as illustrated by 30 public arguments from a recent year on a wide variety of social, cultural, and scientific topics.Arguing is an important form of communication in any society and a principal way in which ideas are exposed, discussed, and modified. The real-life examples examined in this book reflect the different considerations that go into composing arguments and the range of strategies that can be chosen as vehicles for our positions. They demonstrate the roles that emotion can play along with other modes of conveying evidence, from the use of images to the use of gestures. They show the power of threats, comparisons, and consequences. What emerges is an instructive discussion that illustrates the way we argue and that shows argument, invention, and evaluation in action.This book is a stimulating read for anyone interested in argument and public discourse and can be used as a supplemental text for courses in argumentation, persuasive communication, critical thinking, composition, and informal logic.

¿More than any other living scholar of medieval philosophy, Gyula Klima has influenced the way we read and understand philosophical texts by showing how the questions they ask can be placed in a modern context without loss or distortion. The key to his approach is a respect for medieval authors coupled with a commitment to regarding their texts as a genuine source of insight on questions in metaphysics, theology, psychology, logic, and the philosophy of language¿as opposed to assimilating what they say to modern doctrines, or using medieval discussions as a foil for ¿new and improved¿ conceptual schemes.¿ Jack Zupko, University of Alberta¿Gyula Klima is widely recognized as one of the world¿s leading experts on thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin philosophy, with his own, distinctive analytic approach, which brings out both the similarities and differences between medieval and contemporary logic and semantics.¿ John Marenbon, Trinity College, University of Cambridge ¿Gyula Klima has been a towering figure in the field of medieval philosophy for decades. His influence comprises not only the scholarly results of his work, but also intense and generous mentorship of students and junior colleagues. This volume is a perfect reflection of the esteem that he enjoys around the world, collecting excellent pieces by established as well as up-and-coming scholars of medieval philosophy.¿ Catarina Dutilh Novaes, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam¿For four decades now, Gyula Klima has been setting the standard among medievalists for philosophical sophistication and historical rigor. This collection of wide-ranging studies from leading scholars in the field offers a worthy tribute to that legacy.¿ Robert Pasnau, University of Colorado BoulderGyula Klima is Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, and Senior Research Fellow, Consultant, and the Director of Institute for the History of Ideas of the Hungarian Research Institute in Budapest. In 2022, the President of Hungary awarded him the Knight¿s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, ¿in recognition of his outstanding academic career, significant research work and exemplary leadership.¿ In this volume, colleagues, collaborators, and students celebrate Klimäs project with new essays on Plotinus, Anselm, Aquinas, Buridan, Ockham and others, exploring specific questions in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and logic.No contemporary surpasses Kripke and Klima in semantics and metaphysics, but only Gyula Klimäs thought ranges flawlessly over classical philosophy as well. The volume is a fitting tribute to the master. David Twetten, Marquette University