Filosofi: logik

This book offers an original philosophical perspective on exemplarity. Inspired by Wittgenstein's later work and Derrida's theory of deconstruction, it argues that examples are not static entities but rather oscillate between singular and universal moments.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The reference to the Antichrist is an attack on the "slave morality" and apathy of Western Christianity. Nietzsche's basic claim is that Christianity is a poisoner of western culture and perversion of the words of and practice of Jesus.

The Routledge Companion to Pragmatism offers 44 cutting-edge chapters?written specifically for this volume by an international team of distinguished researchers?that assess the past, present, and future of pragmatism.

En kriseramt verden kalder på en forandringslogik, og filosoffen G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) forsøgte med sin banebrydende dialektik netop at kortlægge strukturen i overgangsprocesser. Dialektikken har udgjort en kernedisciplin i filosofien siden Platons dialoger, men aldrig betaget og forarget så meget som i den form, den får hos Hegel. Det satiriske skrift “Hvem tænker abstrakt?” giver et originalt bud på, hvordan filosofien kan lære os at tænke konkret. Og de to nøgletekster fra Hegels dialektisk-spekulative logik – der her for første gang præsenteres på dansk – forklarer på pædagogisk vis, hvordan dialektisk tænkning virker, og viser os helt ind i begrebsbevægelsens maskinrum i den berømte sekvens, hvor væren og intet bliver til tilblivelse.Dialektik er en del af bogserien AFTRYK, der samler korte og vedkommende filosofiske tekster med væsentlig virkningshistorie. Teksterne er udvalgt og kommenteret af WilliamMathorne og Anna Cornelia Ploug, der ligeledes har skrevet en fyldig introduktion, som udfordrer misforståelsen, at dialektikken blot er et dødt tese/antitese/syntese-skema, der tankeløst kan presses ned over virkeligheden. Dialektikken bør snarere betragtes som en levende og kritisk metode, der kan bruges til at sætte spørgsmålstegn ved alt fra køn til kapitalisme.

This book defends the Direct Reference (DR) thesis in philosophy of language regarding proper names and indexical pronouns. It uniquely draws out the significant consequences of DR when it is conjoined with the fact that these singular terms sometimes fail to refer.Even though DR is widely endorsed by philosophers of language, many philosophically important and radically controversial consequences of the thesis have gone largely unexplored. This book makes an important contribution to the DR literature by explicitly addressing the consequences that follow from DR regarding failure of reference. Michael McKinsey argues that only a form of neutral free logic can capture a revised concept of logical truth that is consistent with the fact that any sentence of any form that contains a directly referring genuine term can fail to be either true or false on interpretations where that term fails to refer. He also explains how it is possible for there to be true (or false) sentences that contain non-referring names, even though this possibility seems inconsistent with DR.Consequences of Reference Failure will be of interest to philosophers of language and logic and linguists working on Direct Reference.

This book sets out for the first time in English and in the terms of modern logic the semantics of the Port Royal Logic (La Logique ou l'Art de penser, 1662-1685) of Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, perhaps the most influential logic book in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its goal is to explain how the Logic reworks the foundation of pre-Cartesian logic so as to make it compatible with Descartes' metaphysics. The Logic's authors forged a new theory of reference based on the medieval notion of objective being, which is essentially the modern notion of intentional content. Indeed, the book's central aim is to detail how the Logic reoriented semantics so that it centered on the notion of intentional content. This content, which the Logic calls comprehension, consists of an idea's defining modes. Mechanisms are defined in terms of comprehension that rework earlier explanations of central notions like conceptual inclusion, signification, abstraction, idea restriction, sensation, and most importantly within the Logic's metatheory, the concept of idea-extension, which is a new technical concept coined by the Logic. Although Descartes is famous for rejecting "Aristotelianism," he says virtually nothing about technical concepts in logic. His followers fill the gap. By putting to use the doctrine of objective being, which had been a relatively minor part of medieval logic, they preserve more central semantic doctrines, especially a correspondence theory of truth. A recurring theme of the book is the degree to which the Logic hews to medieval theory. This interpretation is at odds with what has become a standard reading among French scholars according to which this 16th-century work should be understood as rejecting earlier logic along with Aristotelian metaphysics, and as putting in its place structures more like those of 19th-century class theory.

"A book that shows us how to work through thorny moral questions by examining their parts in broad daylight, equipping us to not only identify our own positions but to defend them as well. It demonstrates the relevance of philosophy to our everyday lives, and offers some clear-eyed tools to those who want to learn how to better fight for justice and liberation for all"--

Mysticism, occult, magic, spiritual healing, astrology, history and philosophy are taken into account and explained through their interrelations, in 5 Secrets of The Matrix.They are unfolded and carefully stripped of the man-made, artificial elements accredited to them throughout the aeons of human existence, leaving the bare core as the proof of the unique DNA structure of The Great Matrix.There is no need for additional literature if we desire to understand the Self and its development through time and space. This book says it all. The metaphysical knowledge opens horizons, enhances mental and emotional intelligence and explains the duty and responsibility of earthlings, while pointing towards the path that leads back to nature and the mystical place we call happiness.5 Secrets of The Matrix offers clarity, knowledge and self-confidence.

With this anthology of his 'sequentially structured maxims', free thinker John O'Loughlin has finally arrived at the ne plus ultra of his philosophical oeuvre, which combines all the most logically consistent material from the last twelve original titles (2014 - 2019) in one definitive volume that, on account of the comprehensively exacting nature of his quadripartite structures and the way their theorizing evolves, must rank as the 'bible' of his philosophy, if not of all philosophy of a metaphysical persuasion, that yet allows for other categories, both atomic and pseudo-atomic, to be accounted for in such fashion that everything is, as it were, nailed into place the better to support the overall morphology of unrelenting logic. - A Centretruths editorial

An unprecedented reading of Hegel's Logic that sets this difficult work in a dialogue with literary texts.

Information technology has been, in recent years, under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices and systems which help/ replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure requires the use of logic as the underlying foundational workhorse of the area. New logics were developed as the need arose and new foci and balance has evolved within logic itself. One aspect of these new trends in logic is the rising impor- tance of model based reasoning. Logics have become more and more tailored to applications and their reasoning has become more and more application dependent. In fact, some years ago, I myself coined the phrase "e;direct deductive reasoning in application areas"e;, advocating the methodology of model-based reasoning in the strongest possible terms. Certainly my discipline of Labelled Deductive Systems allows to bring "e;pieces"e; of the application areas as "e;labels"e; into the logic. I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.