Filosofi: logik

Sharpen your analytical skills with this comprehensive study of deductive logic. Covering everything from syllogisms to quantification theory, Thomas Fowler offers a clear and concise guide to the fundamentals of logical reasoning. Whether you're a student of philosophy or simply looking to improve your critical thinking abilities, this book is an invaluable resource.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book is an accessible introduction to the principles of logic, written by Samuel Neil, a Scottish philosopher of the 19th century. Neil provides clear explanations of key concepts like deduction, induction, and syllogisms, and offers a range of examples and exercises to help readers master these techniques. This book is an excellent resource for anyone seeking to improve their critical thinking skills and become a more effective reasoner.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book explores the similarities and differences between David Hume's Treatise of Human Nature and Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, two of the philosopher's major works. Elkin delves deep into the conceptual structures of Hume's philosophy, providing insight into the evolution of his thought and the underlying motivations behind his ideas.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Originally published in 1748, this comprehensive treatise on logic was designed to be a primer for young scholars entering the fields of philosophy and mathematics. With its clear and concise explanations of the principles of reasoning and argumentation, 'The Elements of Logic' remains a valuable resource for anyone seeking to enhance their critical thinking skills.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This classic text, written by philosopher and mathematician William Thomson, presents a systematic exposition of the laws of thought and their role in science, logic, and philosophy. The book is still widely used in philosophy and mathematics courses today.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

A comprehensive introduction to the principles and methods of modern symbolic logic by Rupert Clendon Lodge, a British philosopher of the early 20th century. The book covers topics such as propositional logic, predicate logic, set theory, and proof theory, with an emphasis on mathematical rigor and logical analysis.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Le droit de découvrir le mot Amour sous toutes ses formes et une actualité noire en pleine mutation.

Das umfangreiche Werk von Carl Christian Erhard Schmid (1761-1812) hat in der Philosophiegeschichtsforschung mit Ausnahme seiner Lehre vom intelligiblen Fatalismus bislang keine Beachtung erfahren. Der vorliegenden Band präsentiert daher Analysen und Interpretationen auch zu den unbekannten Teile dieses Werks wie der Ästhetik, der Logik, der Metaphysik, der Rechtslehre und der Theologie, aber auch seiner Anthropologie, Physiologie. Dem Interesse an diesem Denker liegt die Überzeugung zugrunde, dass er auf diesen Gebieten Arbeiten von hohem Niveau geliefert hat, die bislang zu Unrecht ignoriert wurden. Von nicht geringerem Interesse ist Schmids Einfluss auf die Philosophie der Spätaufklärung sowie der Frühromantik, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Bedeutung für die Verbreitung und Weiterentwicklung der Philosophie Kants als auch hinsichtlich seines spezifischen Beitrags zur Ausbildung der nachkantischen Systeme der Philosophie. Erkennbar wird durch den Band die Rolle Schmids als Katalysator der durch die Auseinandersetzung mit Kant bestimmten Phase klassischer deutscher Philosophie; gewürdigt werden seine Anteile an den Debatten über die Entstehung und Entwicklung der monistischen Systeme vor allem Fichtes und Reinholds.

This LNCS book is part of the FOLLI book series and constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2023, held in Jinan, China, in October 2023.The 15 full papers presented together with 7 short papers in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The workshop covers a wide range on the following topics such as agency; argumentation and agreement; beliefrepresentation; probability and uncertainty; belief revision and belief merging; knowledgeand action; dynamics of informational attitudes; intentions, plans, and goals; decisionmaking and planning; preference and utility; cooperation; strategic reasoning andgame theory; epistemology; social choice; social interaction; speech acts; knowledgerepresentation; norms and normative systems; natural language; rationality; philosophicallogic.

Philosophie der Mathematik und mathematische Philosophie sind Gegenstand des Buches. Das Buch beinhaltet philosophische Gedanken zu mathematischen Inhalten aber auch zur Mathematik selbst. Darüber hinaus geht es um mathematische und logische Denkweisen in der Philosophie. Die Mathematik hilft uns, die veränderliche Welt zu beschreiben. Sie liefert die mathematischen Gesetze der Naturgesetze; ihre Gegenstände sind selber zeitlose, unveränderliche Gegenstände, konstante Ideen, wie z. B. Kreis und Dreieck in der Geometrie. Mathematische und logische Denkweisen können helfen, philosophische Begriffe scharf einzugrenzen und philosophische Themen strenger zu strukturieren. Zwischen Mathematik und Philosophie gibt es Berührpunkte. Was haben beide, Mathematik und Philosophie, gemeinsam? Ein gemeinsamer Anteil ist der logische Anspruch. Wo befinden sich die Unterschiede? Gibt es methodische Unterschiede zwischen einer mathematischen und einer philosophischen Arbeitsweise? Das kann man hier erfahren.Das vorliegende Buch soll mathematisch Interessierte und philosophisch Interessierte anregen. Es ist einerseits ein Versuch einer Philosophie der Mathematik, die dem Mathematiker Anregung geben soll für philosophische Gedankengänge, andererseits soll das Buch aber auch den Philosophen anregen, die mathematischen Methoden und Schönheiten der Mathematik näher kennen zu lernen und schätzen zu lernen. Damit soll insgesamt auch auf eine Schnittstelle und Schnittmenge zwischen Mathematik und Philosophie aufmerksam gemacht werden.Buchbesprechung von: www.literaturmarkt.infoPhilosophie der Mathematik und Logik: Sachliteratur mit großem Wissensmehrwert [...] Endlich wagt es jemand, (wissenschaftliche) Grenzen zu überschreiten. Man wirft einen Blick weit über den bekannten Tellerrand hinaus. [...] Schade, dass dieses Werk noch nicht Standard an Deutschlands Schulen ist. Es könnte nämlich den Matheunterricht um einiges aufregender machen. Gobrecht eröffnet eine neue Möglichkeit von einer "Philosophie der Mathematik". Hut ab für diese Glanzleistung!Mai 2018

Humans are adaptable creatures, capable of thriving in a wide range of settings. We have been able to create successful societies based on the human urge to dominate. We can also thrive in organizations that rest on the human desire to cooperate. Family groupings and small communities exemplify the latter; the modern successors to feudal structures shape the former. Our history has left us with structures which define the acceptable ways for us to express ourselves. In the political arena, this means that left must battle right for control of a structure that has competition and growth at its core. If we are to survive, we need a broader view of the human dilemma.We do have other options. It is possible to build large, urban-based industrial societies that prioritize our urge to cooperate over our drive to compete. That world, built on empowered individuals and self-organizing structures instead of on hierarchies, and encouraging responsibility instead of the dumping of harm onto a commons where everyone and no one is responsible, moves naturally towards equality, towards dealing kindly with the earth, towards sharing the work that needs to be done to provide a good life for all. We are rich enough to create this world. It is within our grasp.This book answers the questions of how we acquired such a dual nature, how that led naturally to a tribal phase which was inevitably replaced by our present hierarchical world, and what actions we need to take to set free the better parts of our nature. A future without hunger, inequality, war, domination, and a damaged world is ours if we want it. Asking the right questions is the place to begin. That begins in chapter one.

Die dritte, vollständig überarbeitete Auflage des bewährten Studienbuches wurde um elf Einträge erweitert: Abduktion (Schluss auf die beste Erklärung), Clusterdefinition, Experimentelle Philosophie, Explikation, Kontextdefinition, Kriterien, Methode, Naturalistischer Fehlschluss, Neologismus, notwendig und hinreichend - mengentheoretisch und Stipulative Definition. Zudem enthält der Band einen wertvollen Anhang mit einem philosophischen Kanon, den wichtigsten logischen Regeln und einem umfangreichen Register, das neben den deutschen auch alle wichtigen englischen Fachbegriffe umfasst. Wer philosophieren will, muss, methodisch betrachtet, vor allem drei Dinge tun: analysieren, argumentieren und interpretieren. Jede Person - ob Anfänger/in, Schüler/in, Student/in oder fortgeschrittene/r Wissenschaftler/in - kann mit diesem Buch lernen, Begriffe zu analysieren, Argumente zu verstehen, zu bewerten und zu entwickeln. Im Unterschied zu anderen Einführungsbüchern kommt auch die Interpretation zu ihrem vollen Recht. Mit diesem Buch können die Methoden der Philosophie praxisnah gelernt und geübt werden. Es präsentiert deshalb so etwas wie einen methodischen Werkzeugkasten, der sich ausgezeichnet für die Schule, die Universität und auch das Selbststudium eignet.

This is the first book-length study of the fallacy of composition. It focuses on arguments from parts to whole, from micro to macro, and from some to all; and it discusses both their structures and the conditions of their correctness. The topic is approached through a series of critical reviews, conceptual analyses, and case studies.The critical reviews elaborate interpretations and evaluations of works by such distinguished scholars as: philosophers John Woods and Trudy Govier; economists Paul Samuelson, William Nordhaus, and Paul Krugman; and political sociologists Robert Michels, Robert Dahl, and Seymour Martin Lipset. The conceptual analyses involve the clarification of notions such as: argument vs. fallacy of composition, composition vs. division, hasty generalization, flawed argumentfrom analogy, fallaciousness vs. incorrectness, and meta-argumentation. The case studies explain issues such as: the geocentric-geostatic argument from natural motion, the design argument for the existence of God, the iron law of oligarchy, the paradox of thrift, the argument from private to public debt, bank creation of money, the paradox of the bumper harvest, and current arguments for global warming.Because of this content and this approach, the book is aimed at both scholars and students of philosophy, economics, and political sociology.

Francis Bacon's great work of logic and syllogism, originally published in 1620, formatted according to 17th-century conventions and illustrated. Introduction by Thomas Fowler. 300 pages. Publication July 2023.

This book marks the inauguration of the Historia Logicae book series, which seeks to publish high-quality monographs, dissertations, textbooks, proceedings, and anthologies on the history of logic in either German or English. Serving as the inaugural volume in this series, the book explores the contemporary interpretation of logic across many centuries and cultures. The first section of the volume comprises a compilation of papers dedicated to ancient and medieval logic, examining prominent thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Seneca, Porphyry, Proclus, Boethius, Buridan, andKilwardby. The second section shifts focus towards early-modern and contemporary logics, including the works of Caramuel, Kant, Drobisch, Husserl, and Jakowski.Topics of discussion encompass the relationship between mathematics and logic, natural deduction, intuitionism, graph theory, categorical judgments, theories of truth, modal logic, opposition relations, logic diagrams, definitions of formal logic, many-sorted logic, model theory, and paraconsistent logic.

"Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, the only book-length work to have been published during his lifetime, continues to generate interest and scholarly debate. This volume of new essays showcases contemporary ideas on how to interpret the Tractatus and throws new light on some of its most challenging passages"--