Etik og moralfilosofi

Perhaps it's axiomatic that much of the meaning of our lives is moral ... which involves discovering, identifying and knowing the constituents and some inputs and outcomes in a complex logical-moral field. As I look out at the landscape of life much of it I see as a moral landscape. Presumably, there are reasons for seeing it this way that are knowable. It's a living landscape,...very alive ... with people, other entities ... and connected events, ... inclusive of missed ... and occasionally made ... opportunities ... commissions, omissions, etc. Choices ... here-there ... to be made; ... some banal and readily set aside in our thinking, or barely noticed and in moral terms, not consequential.

There were two reasons why I decided to write this book, both of which were personal in nature. Firstly, I was hesitant to write an autobiography despite the insistence of many of my friends. The reason for this was the potential for embarrassment if I were to tell the truth. Writing fiction with altered identities as a way of hiding real names was not an acceptable alternative for me. I believed that concealing real identities made the truth unpalatable and ultimately false. Additionally, it would be slanderous and unfair to some people without affording them a chance to respond. Real identities are often eventually revealed, and this can be damaging.Secondly, I wrote this book from a personal and empirical perspective, drawing on my own experiences to provide insight for future generations. I wanted to share what I have learned and experienced to help others understand the underlying motivations that drive transformation in organisations, homes, institutions, government, and international work networks. This book is intended for those who are interested in understanding the aetiology of human behaviour and motivation.

Verleumdet, diskriminiert, vernichtet! Die anderen Tiere haben von ihren mächtigen zweibeinigen Stammesbrüdern nichts Gutes zu erwarten. Diese Sammlung an Texten der Begründerin der veganen Tierrechtsbewegung in Deutschland bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Mechanismen der Diskriminierung und das vielschichtige Lügengebäude, mit denen die Gewaltherrschaft über die Tiere eingeleitet und gleichzeitig unsichtbar gemacht wird.Das Buch deckt faktenreich und systematisch auf, auf welchen Grundlagen die Gewaltherrschaft über die Tierheit ruht, und es hält dagegen: Leidenschaftlich und liebevoll ergreift die Autorin das Wort für die Tiere und plädiert für eine Ethik, die ihnen endlich gerecht wird.

This book deals with the citizenship status of the Biharis in Bangladesh and their ability to access rights associated with citizenship. The main argument of the book is that although legally the Biharis are citizens of Bangladesh, they still do not have access to many important rights of citizenship that can make their citizenship meaningful. Their inability to access many important citizenship rights made them de facto stateless, although they are de-jure citizens. Taking a law and society approach this book examines both legal and non-legal factors behind the deplorable conditions of the Biharis in Bangladesh. Based on fieldwork, this book analyses that the Biharis¿ inability to access citizenship rights is inconsistent with citizenship theory, citizenship laws, and the Constitution of Bangladesh. To make the Biharis citizenship effective or meaningful the author suggests some recommendations for policy changes that would enable Biharis to access rights associated with citizenship.

Presents an iconoclastic account of morality and moral discourse from the perspective of Daoist philosophy.

Argues that friendship is the gift of a world that is not one's own and that transforms one's world in unforseeable ways.

"Socrates once said that a good person does not worry much about the little things, like whether he lives or dies, but only about the one big thing: whether he is a good person or a bad one. In Ethics for Beginners, celebrated philosopher Peter Kreeft reclaims the importance of ethical study in answering life's big questions: What is the meaning of life? How should I live? How should I treat other people? Unlike many modern texts on the subject, this one asserts that ethics is real, that good and evil are knowable, and that we can learn to act well and so become better and happier people. Surveying the "big ideas" of the thirty-two most important ethical philosophers, Ethics for Beginners is an apprenticeship to the greatest minds in history. With expert analysis and reflection from Kreeft, it offers a challenging and unforgettable treatment that is suitable for classroom and individual use alike"--

The Work That Reconnects empowers people to transform despair into constructive, collaborative action. Coming Back to Life, Third Edition is the essential guide to using the Work in group settings to create life-sustaining and equitable human culture while addressing systemic racism, injustice, and oppression.

Few individuals exerted more influence in "esoteric and occult Masonry" in the late 1800s and early 1900s than A.E. (Arthur) Waite. His hunger for "hidden wisdom" drove him to the study of all matters esoteric. A scholar, magician and Mason, his words drew praise from many, yet were controversial enough to draw a fair amount of criticism ... likely to Waite's delight. This collection of Masonic papers from A.E. Waite represents some of the finest thoughts on the "deeper aspects" of Masonry. Includes: "Discourse on the Fellowcraft Degree;" "Emblematic Freemasonry, Building Guilds and Hermetic Schools;" "Pillars of the Temple;" "The French Mystic and the Story of Modern Martinism;" "The Templars Orders in Freemasonry;" "Some Deeper Aspects of Masonic Symbolism" and more.

"Living the Karma Way: A Practical Guide to a Fulfilling and Harmonious Life" is an illuminating journey into the profound philosophy of karma, offering readers a comprehensive and accessible roadmap for a purposeful existence. Authored as a transformative guide, the book explores the historical and cultural context of karma, providing a deep understanding of its principles. Purpose-driven and practical, the guide delves into the three types of karma, unraveling the threads of cause and effect, and emphasizing the interconnectedness of actions. With a focus on everyday applications, readers are encouraged to cultivate positive habits, explore mindfulness practices, and align their intentions with ethical decision-making. The guide extends an invitation to navigate life's complexities with resilience and compassion, fostering a harmonious relationship with oneself and the world. Through its wisdom, "Living the Karma Way" inspires readers to embark on a journey of self-discovery, contributing positively to the intricate tapestry of existence for a more fulfilling and intentional life.

Moments of Truth: Stories About Nights When the Light Gets In is about ordinary people dealing with moral dilemmas.In this collection of short fiction, Sean and Tracey try to make their relationship work despite being poles apart on religion; retiree Clem struggles with the death of his wife; a friend's angry taunt upsets uni student Jamila; Anh and Josephine face racially tinged comments at a neighbour's barbecue; Christopher takes a reluctant plunge into online dating and a beggar on a commuter train creates trouble for a teenage girl.Plus the author writes personal stories about the traumatic birth of his twin daughters; what it feels like to turn 60 and how the 100th birthday of his late mother had him pondering matters of life and death.These stories ask searching questions about how to respond in difficult situations. On every occasion there is a chance to shine or to disappoint; to be generous or selfish; to be a better person.The author draws on teachings common to many faiths, including his own Bahá'í Faith, but the book is not about dogma or theology. It is about the search for a moral compass in times of tests.This is a book for readers of faith - any faith - but also one that will resonate with those of no faith.

Provides the first systematic introduction to the moral psychology of hate compiling specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars.

We are currently witnessing the emergence of a ¿third culture¿, driven by unprecedented developments that are changing the playing field. These include advances in AI, big data analysis and robotics. The traditional ¿two cultures¿ view (S. P. Snow) distinguishes between the sciences and the humanities. The wisdoms these two cultures offer are separated from each other, with little to no interaction or mutual comprehension. However, over the past two decades, and for the first time in human history, a new, third culture has appeared. This new culture, rooted in new technologies, not only pursues its own form of rationality but also supports advances in the original two cultures, deepening and expanding our individual and collective consciousness so that we can see more and do better. It will eventually give rise to new forms of consciousness based not on biochemical signals, but on copper wires and lithium chips. These new machine intelligences will change the world and force us to realise: we are no longer alone. The human species¿ position in the twenty-first century will be fundamentally redefined: not as a conductor leading the orchestra, but a single string player within it.

This book explores indigenous sub-Saharan African agrarian thought. Indigenous African agrarian philosophy is an uncharted and largely overlooked area of study in the burgeoning fields of African philosophy and philosophy of nature. The book shows that wherever human beings have lived, they have been preoccupied with exploring ways to ensure the sustainable management of limited resources at their disposal, to attain to their basic needs: food, shelter, and security. The book also shows that agriculture and the way people relate with nature are an essential, but generally neglected, determinant of the emergence and orientation of all philosophical traditions. In traditional, pre-colonial African culture, it was difficult to separate agriculture from African relational ontology. Agriculture and the use of natural resources were at the centre of community life and influenced the social, political, economic, and spiritual worldviews of the people. In their contact with nature through agriculture, different beliefs, knowledge systems, norms, moral outlooks, cultural practices and institutions emerged and have been valorized to guide societies on how to sustainably manage the environment. As a way of life, then, agriculture was deeply connected with indigenous beliefs, values, and practices which transcended a wide range of issues related to ecological ethics, food ethics, religion, traditional medicine, political economy, social organisation, biological reproduction and species survival, indigenous knowledge, and property rights. This book will thus be a valuable resource for policy makers and researchers in diverse fields such as philosophy, geography, sociology, anthropology, and development studies.

¿¿¿ La saggezza stoica liberata: insegnamenti antichi per menti moderne ¿¿¿Un viaggio verso la saggezza e l'illuminazioneQuesta edizione completamente adattata e riscritta dei "Discorsi (Libro 3)" ti offre un'esperienza di lettura potente e trasformativa. Con caratteristiche uniche e innovative, questo libro è progettato per soddisfare le esigenze dei lettori contemporanei.¿ Scopri la saggezza stoica in modo accessibile e pertinenteRiscrittura completa del testo: per garantire la pertinenza e l'accessibilità ai lettori moderni.Dalla lezione all'azione: discussioni uniche che ti permettono di applicare facilmente gli insegnamenti stoici alla tua vita quotidiana.Messaggi potenti: lezioni stoiche distillate in affermazioni concise e potenti.Linee guida pratiche: sezioni "Azione" che offrono consigli chiari e immediatamente applicabili nella tua vita.Navigazione facile: un indice completo di termini e definizioni importanti per una lettura agevole ed efficiente.Un'esperienza di lettura coinvolgente: impaginazione visivamente accattivante per un flusso fluido di informazioni.¿ Il libro essenziale per la tua crescita personaleQuesto libro è essenziale per te se sei:Un appassionato di filosofia: cerca una comprensione profonda degli insegnamenti di Epitteto.Un individuo moderno: cerca soluzioni pratiche alle sfide quotidiane.In cerca di serenità: desidera la pace della mente e la felicità interiore in un mondo frenetico.Un cercatore di significato: vuole applicare i principi stoici alla vita quotidiana.¿ Un invito gentile alla saggezza accessibile a tuttiQuesto libro può essere un regalo meraviglioso per una persona cara o per gli amici. Offre un invito gentile ed educato alla saggezza stoica, che è accessibile a tutti. Ognuno ha l'opportunità di abbracciare la saggezza senza tempo della filosofia stoica nella propria vita quotidiana.Apriti a un mondo di saggezza e illuminazione.

¿¿¿ La saggezza stoica liberata: insegnamenti antichi per menti moderne ¿¿¿Un viaggio verso la saggezza e l'illuminazioneQuesta edizione completamente adattata e riscritta dei "Discorsi (Libro 2)" ti offre un'esperienza di lettura potente e trasformativa. Con caratteristiche uniche e innovative, questo libro è progettato per soddisfare le esigenze dei lettori contemporanei.¿ Scopri la saggezza stoica in modo accessibile e pertinenteRiscrittura completa del testo: per garantire la pertinenza e l'accessibilità ai lettori moderni.Dalla lezione all'azione: discussioni uniche che ti permettono di applicare facilmente gli insegnamenti stoici alla tua vita quotidiana.Messaggi potenti: lezioni stoiche distillate in affermazioni concise e potenti.Linee guida pratiche: sezioni "Azione" che offrono consigli chiari e immediatamente applicabili nella tua vita.Navigazione facile: un indice completo di termini e definizioni importanti per una lettura agevole ed efficiente.Un'esperienza di lettura coinvolgente: impaginazione visivamente accattivante per un flusso fluido di informazioni.¿ Il libro essenziale per la tua crescita personaleQuesto libro è essenziale per te se sei:Un appassionato di filosofia: cerca una comprensione profonda degli insegnamenti di Epitteto.Un individuo moderno: cerca soluzioni pratiche alle sfide quotidiane.In cerca di serenità: desidera la pace della mente e la felicità interiore in un mondo frenetico.Un cercatore di significato: vuole applicare i principi stoici alla vita quotidiana.¿ Un invito gentile alla saggezza accessibile a tuttiQuesto libro può essere un regalo meraviglioso per una persona cara o per gli amici. Offre un invito gentile ed educato alla saggezza stoica, che è accessibile a tutti. Ognuno ha l'opportunità di abbracciare la saggezza senza tempo della filosofia stoica nella propria vita quotidiana.Apriti a un mondo di saggezza e illuminazione.

Jorden skrider under os – både i figurativ og bogstavelig forstand. Naturens mange kriser tvinger os til at sætte spørgsmålstegn ved den måde, vi behersker og udnytter vores naturlige miljøer, andre dyrearter og andre menneskers livsformer, rettigheder og arbejdskraft. Under strømmen af naturkatastrofer vokser samtidig en afgrund af sorg, pessimisme og lammelse i både tænkning og handling. Vi har akut brug for nye og mindre besidderiske greb om vores natur, nye måder at se og behandle den på. Her kan den humanistiske og politiske tænkning være med til at skabe en intellektuel orientering og tænke tidens betingelser i nye konstellationer og mønstre, som ligger hinsides det, vi kender. Jordskred og dens 15 kapitler, skrevet fra vidt forskellige perspektiver og kritiske positioner, er et kollektivt led i tidens bevægelse mod at udfordre og gentænke menneskers forhold til naturen. Jordskred er redigeret af Paradoks – tidsskrift for filosofi og teori

En este libro se profundiza en las emociones desde una perspectiva bioética. La dimensión subjetiva del ser humano a partir del siglo XX volvió a vincularse tanto a la filosofía como a la psicología, aunque sin beneficiarse de una fundamentación teórica donde estuvieran presentes la teoría, la epistemología y la práctica. Algunos autores se han acercado a la afectividad humana definiéndola como un "laberinto", donde es muy difícil orientarse y con facilidad extraviarse; allí priman la confusión, el enredo, el desconcierto y la complicación como pautas habituales. Otros sencillamente evitan el tema por adjetivarlo como "espinoso", ya que sus aristas llevan a que su asimilación sea complicada. Sin embargo, tal vez priman los abordajes superficiales o frívolos, donde la trivialidad y la futilidad ahogan la legítima y necesaria comprensión que de esta dimensión debería tener cualquier ser humano, con una mínima y básica vocación de relacionabilidad. Una aproximación bioética, desde una perspectiva antropológica adecuada, aquella que sigue a una filosofía realista, lleva a distinguir distintos niveles en la dimensión afectiva: desde los sentimientos hasta las pasiones, pasando por las emociones o pasiones sensibles. Es decir, hay una presencia de esa dimensión desde el acto de ser personal (intimidad del ser humano), pasando por sus facultades superiores (inteligencia, voluntad y corazón), hasta las manifestaciones sensibles, que comprometen tanto el cuerpo como la psiquis de la persona humana. La vida afectiva en el ser humano es una parte importante de la persona que puede considerarse como intermedia entre la dimensión sensible e intelectual y la intimidad personal; allí concurren y se mezclan elementos sensitivos y cognitivos, pero se trata de una dimensión distinta tanto de la sensibilidad como de la razón, de los actos humanos y de los hábitos cognoscitivos.

Offers a new, Spinozist framework for understanding encounters with otherness in Romantic literature as experiences of immanence.

The book "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" was written by the famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant. It is a work of moral philosophy that explores the nature of morality, the principles that underlie it and the duties that individuals have towards one another.In the book, Kant argues that moral principles are based on reason alone and are not dependent on particular circumstances or personal preferences. He believes that there are certain fundamental moral principles that are universally applicable, such as the principle of the dignity of all human beings.Kant also introduces the concept of the "categorical imperative", which is a moral principle that is binding on all rational beings regardless of their individual desires or goals. He argues that this principle requires individuals to act in such a way that their actions could be made into a universal law without contradiction.Overall, the book is a significant contribution to the field of moral philosophy and has had a profound impact on subsequent philosophical and ethical thought.

Ethik und Seelsorge sind Bereiche, in denen menschliches Sein und Handeln reflektierend begleitet wird, um Orientierung, Unterstützung oder Trost zu geben. Bei Berufen, in denen Menschen auf eine gewaltverstrickte Lebenswelt treffen, ihrerseits staatlich legitimiert Gewalt ausüben und selbst von Gewalt betroffen sind, tauchen dabei besondere Widersprüche und Sinnfragen auf.Diese Herausforderungen in den Blick zu nehmen und an der Schnittstelle von Philosophie und praktischer Theologie zu erörtern, so wie es der Münsteraner Theologe Werner Schiewek richtungsweisend vorgezeichnet hat, ist das Ziel des vorliegenden Bandes.

Anlass für dieses Buchs sind die zunehmende Kälte im Umgang der Bürger miteinander und ihre mangelnde Empathie: normenverletzendes Handeln zulasten der Mitmenschen, Hassausbrüche in sozialen Netzen, Übergriffigkeiten jeder Art. Oft wird vor einem Auseinanderfallen des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhangs gewarnt, manche Protestformen gewinnen gar bürgerkriegsähnlichen Charakter. Welche Rolle spielen dabei hedonistischer Konsum, Identitätszweifel, die Suche nach Selbstwert und eskapistisches Verhalten? Wo die Ursachen dieses Sozialklimawandels zu suchen sind, untersucht das Buch anhand zeittypischen Verhaltens.

Ethics is a wide field which has contradicting argumentation. This book tries to open the foundations of ethics by the means of philosophical reasoning. It bridges the gap between the argumentation of ethics and the discussions in the philosophy of science.The Author: Friedrich Wallner is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Philosophy of Science at the University of Vienna. He has published several books and numerous essays on epistemology and philosophy of science. His concept of constructive realism is of great interest in discussions on the philosophy of science. This book spans an arc from ethics to philosophy of science and back.

"The Critique of Practical Reason" is a philosophical work written by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. It was first published in 1788 and is considered one of his most important works.The book explores the nature of practical reason and ethical decision-making. Kant argues that practical reason is the basis for moral action and that moral action is grounded in a universal principle of reason called the "Categorical Imperative". He argues that moral decisions cannot be based on personal preferences or desires, but rather on the rational principles that guide human behavior.The book is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on the "Analytic of Pure Practical Reason", which explores the nature of practical reason itself. The second part, the "Dialectic of Pure Practical Reason", examines the application of practical reason to ethical decision-making.Overall, "The Critique of Practical Reason" is a dense and complex philosophical work that offers a comprehensive analysis of the nature of practical reason and its role in ethical decision-making. It is an important contribution to the field of moral philosophy and continues to be studied and debated by scholars today.

Mit dem sechsten Band kommt die Reihe »System der Vernunft ¿ Kant und der Deutsche Idealismus«, die 2001 mit »Architektonik und System in der Philo­sophie Kants« eröffnet wurde, zu ihrem Abschluss. Gegenstand der Reihe sind die Entwicklungen der philosophischen Systemtheorien in der Philosophie am Ende des 18. und der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, untersucht nicht entlang der Denkentwicklungen einzelner Vertreter, sondern in der Horizontale markanter Zeitschichten und in den Quer­ver­bin­dungen der Vertreter untereinander.In den Jahren 1821 bis 1854, der Zeitspanne, die dieser Band behandelt, beschäftigen sich die noch verbliebenen Nach-Kantia­ner weniger mit Grundlagenfragen, als vielmehr mit besonderen ­Aspekten der philosophischen Systeme sowie mit Konzeptionen der Geschichtlichkeit der Philosophie.

This book presents the reader with a comprehensive and structured understanding of the ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It describes the main ethical questions that arise from the use of AI in different areas, as well as the contribution of various academic disciplines such as legal policy, environmental sciences, and philosophy of technology to the study of AI. AI has become ubiquitous and is significantly changing our lives, in many cases, for the better, but it comes with ethical challenges. These challenges include issues with the possibility and consequences of autonomous AI systems, privacy and data protection, the development of a surveillance society, problems with the design of these technologies and inequalities in access to AI technologies. This book offers specialists an instrument to develop a rigorous understanding of the main debates in emerging ethical questions around AI. The book will be of great relevance to experts in applied and technology ethics and to students pursuing degrees in applied ethics and, more specifically, in AI ethics.

This book explores the ethical problems of algorithmic bias and its potential impact on populations that experience health disparities by examining the historical underpinnings of explicit and implicit bias, the influence of the social determinants of health, and the inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities in data. Over the last twenty-five years, the diagnosis and treatment of disease have advanced at breakneck speeds. Currently, we have technologies that have revolutionized the practice of medicine, such as telemedicine, precision medicine, big data, and AI. These technologies, especially AI, promise to improve the quality of patient care, lower health care costs, improve patient treatment outcomes, and decrease patient mortality. AI may also be a tool that reduces health disparities; however, algorithmic bias may impede its success. This book explores the risks of using AI in the context of health disparities. It is of interest to health services researchers,ethicists, policy analysts, social scientists, health disparities researchers, and AI policy makers.