Hydrologi og hydrosfæren

This book is about the technology of using fluid production or injection and pressure measurement signals from wellbores and relating those signals to the subsurface geology and subterranean reservoir properties. It is aimed at students of well-testing and practicing petroleum engineers or geoscience professionals for subsurface characterization and modeling.The topics include the art and science of well-test analysis, pattern recognition of rate and pressure signals, and a quantitative approach for estimating important subsurface geological parameters for subsurface aquifers and reservoirs containing oil, gas, and geothermal resources. The book is also particularly of value as a guide to asset managers actively developing unconventional reservoirs and CCUS.

This book is an outcome of collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary team of scientists. The core objective of this book is to provide cross-sectoral information on the different aspects of the terrestrial environment and ecosystems of Kuwait. The book will be considered as a ready source of information for those seeking information on the terrestrial environment and ecosystems, assessment and restoration, as well as sustainable uses and management. In spite of Kuwait¿s hyper-arid environment, it is rich in natural resources including a wide range of native plants, animal species, different habitats, protected areas, diversified soils and water and oil resources. While the desert of Kuwait constitutes various features, such as sand sheet, sand dunes, nebkhas, inland and coastal sabkhas, rock outcrop, wadis and farming areas, it is rich in flora and fauna (native plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, etc.). Due to changing climate, deserts of Kuwait as well as other countries are under severe threat of degradation and the degradation may be irreversible. To realize these impacts, an effort is being made to provide a ready source of information to highlight the potential threats to the terrestrial ecosystems and formulate adaptation and mitigation strategies for long-term ecosystems services in Kuwait as well as other countries located in a desert environment, such as Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, Africa and countries in the Arab region. The book includes sixteen chapters covering multidiscipline subjects (such as natural resources, climate and climate change, geographical features, terrestrial habitats, ecosystems and threats, water and soil resources, agriculture, food security, water-energy-food-climate nexus, green-grey-blue water footprints of various crops, etc.). Thus, this book is a unique resource that provides the latest scientific information in a single volume.

This book gives a general overview on current research focusing on geoenvironmental issues and challenges in hydrogeosciences in the Middle East and Mediterranean region and surrounding areas. The book is based on the accepted papers for oral/poster presentations at the 3rd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-3). Studies discuss the latest advances in geoenvironmental and hydrogeosciences from diverse backgrounds including climate change, geoecology, biogeochemistry, water resources management, and environmental monitoring and assessment. It shares insights on how the understanding of ecological, climatological, oceanic, and hydrological processes is the key for improving practices in environment management. It is of interest to scientists, engineers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of environmental sciences including climatology, oceanography, ecology, biogeochemistry, environmental management, hydrology, hydrogeology, and geosciences in general. In particular, this book is of great value to students and environment-related professionals for further investigations on the state of earth systems.

This book is the first collection of state-of-the-art research projects analyzing water conflict and cooperation with an explicitly theoretical point of view. Its fourteen chapters offer a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on how the application of various theoretical perspectives can support the work of scholars and practitioners in mitigating water conflict and developing cooperation.The volume starts out from a literature review on the theorization of transboundary waters in International Relations, which prepares the ground for the demonstration of the latest approaches of scholars currently working on this field. The discussion of their findings is divided into four main sections. The first section deals with reflections and critiques on the grand theories of International Relations, proposing new and more nuanced frameworks for understanding and managing transboundary water relations by going beyond the traditional assumptions. The second section focuses on the catalysts and barriers of cooperation, applying theoretical frameworks which reveal the consequences of the dynamics in power relations and institutional frameworks. The third section investigates into the perspectives at the intersections of theory and practice related to the most practical field within the scope of the volume: water diplomacy. The fourth section introduces new perspectives to provide specific entry points for understanding and managing water conflict and cooperation.Overall, the work intends to demonstrate that the theorization of transboundary waters can significantly contribute to the deeper understanding and the more efficient management of water conflicts and cooperation from several aspects.The authors come from diverse backgrounds, and their individual careers are often related to the intersections of theory and practice in the field of transboundary water management. Their expertise covers water issues from all around the globe, which is reflected in the range of the analyzed case studies. The diversity of the experts involved, their backgrounds, their perspectives, the applied theories, and the analyzed cases was an important priority for the editors.

Sub Stories Titan's Maritime Investigation is a weighty endeavor that dives into the strange profundities of the World's seas, disentangling the insider facts concealed underneath the waves. This dazzling odyssey is a demonstration of human resourcefulness, utilizing state of the art sub innovation to investigate the strange domains of the sea, pushing the limits of why is the world underneath the surface known.At the core of this oceanic endeavor is the Sub Stories Titan, a cutting edge sub furnished with the most recent headways in marine investigation. With its smooth plan and high level designing, the Titan remains as an image of human assurance to comprehend the cryptic domain that covers more than 70% of the World's surface. The vessel isn't simply a vehicle; it is a logical wonder intended to endure the enormous strain and brutal circumstances tracked down in the profound sea.The mission of Submarine Stories Titan is to dive into the deep profundities, investigating submerged scenes that have stayed concealed for quite a long time. The submarine is furnished with a set-up of cutting edge instruments, including sonar planning frameworks, remote ocean cameras, and mechanical arms, permitting researchers and scientists to catch exceptional pictures and information from the sea floor. This abundance of data vows to change how we might interpret marine biological systems, geography, and the innumerable species that call the remote ocean home.One of the critical targets of this maritime investigation is to concentrate on the biodiversity flourishing in the haziest corners of the sea. The Titan's strong lights penetrate through the darkness, uncovering a lively world overflowing with life. From bioluminescent creatures that light up the profundities to tricky and unusual species adjusted to outrageous circumstances, the sub catches the quintessence of a flourishing biological system that has to a great extent escaped human perception.Past concentrating on marine life, Sub Stories Titan assumes a vital part in propelling comprehension we might interpret geography and the World's structural cycles. By gathering tests from the sea depths and directing geographical studies, researchers on board the Titan intend to open the privileged insights of ocean bottom elements, revealing insight into the powers that shape our planet and impact its advancement over the long haul.The excursion of Sub Stories Titan isn't without its difficulties. Exploring through the devastating tensions of the remote ocean requires fastidious preparation and faithful accuracy. The sub's group, made out of prepared sea life researchers and master pilots, work pair to guarantee the achievement and wellbeing of every endeavor. As the Titan dives into the pit, it opens a gateway to a world that is however secretive as it could be stunning, pushing the limits of human investigation and extending our insight into the World's last outskirts.

This book presents a newly designed dynamic fluidic sprinkler (DFS) to improve hydraulic performance of the existing complete fluidic sprinkler (CFS) under low-pressure conditions. Sprinkler irrigation has high prospects for improving water management in crop production. In recent years, low-pressure water-saving has become an important research content in the field of sprinkler irrigation. It introduces the effect of riser height on rotation uniformity and application rate of the dynamic fluidic sprinkler. It also discusses the intelligent sprinkler irrigation technologies for autonomous and remote sensing system. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals in the field of agriculture and irrigation.

Isabella Lövin's The Oceanic Feeling: On the Need for a New Narrative, is a unique document of a life spent on the front lines of the climate battle, and at the negotiating tables where the future of our planet is decided.The Swedish investigative journalist who became a member of the European Parliament and then served for seven years in government, five of those as Deputy Prime Minister and Climate Minister, takes us on a journey behind the scenes of climate and global ocean policy making.Some may remember the viral picture of her signing the Swedish climate law in 2017. As Donald Trump just had signed a regressive executive order limiting women's sexual and reproductive rights surrounded by only men, she by contrast signed progressive climate legislation surrounded by women.Deeply concerned about the shrinking confidence in democracy Lövin offers a pedagogic and hopeful account of the fact that change can happen, if there is a will and a vision. But she also recognizes the main reason why humanity is not acting on the many global crises: a narrative of egoism and individualism. A truer and much more positive story can be found when we recognize "The Oceanic Feeling"; a deep connection with nature, people and the miraculous web of life on the planet; putting empathy, responsibility and awe at the center of what it is to be human.How, Lövin asks us, can we convert the world to this new, healthier narrative?

Now in paperback: a "deeply researched and reported" (San Francisco Chronicle) exploration of sea level rise in California that "breathes exquisite detail and dialogue" (Science Magazine) into the subject."Viscerally urgent, thoroughly reported, and compellingly written—a must-read for our uncertain times." —Ed Yong, author of An Immense World"When do seawalls make sense? And when is it better to give in to the tides? [...] In California Against the Sea, Xia [...] writes about the difficult realities of trying to incorporate fairness into our tally of costs and benefits." —The New YorkerAlong California's 1,200-mile coastline, the overheated Pacific Ocean is rising and pressing in, imperiling both wildlife and the maritime towns and cities that 27 million people call home. In California Against the Sea, Los Angeles Times coastal reporter Rosanna Xia asks: As climate chaos threatens the places we love so fiercely, will we finally grasp our collective capacity for change?Xia, a Pulitzer Prize finalist, investigates the impacts of engineered landscapes, the market pressures of development, and the ecological activism and political scrimmages that have carved our contemporary coastline—and foretell even greater changes to our shores. From the beaches of the Mexican border up to the sheer-cliffed North Coast, the voices of Indigenous leaders, community activists, small-town mayors, urban engineers, and tenacious environmental scientists commingle. Together, they chronicle the challenges and urgency of forging a climate-wise future. Xia's investigation takes us to Imperial Beach, Los Angeles, Pacifica, Marin City, San Francisco, and beyond, weighing the rivaling arguments, agreements, compromises, and visions governing the State of California’s commitment to a coast for all. Through graceful reportage, she charts how the decisions we make today will determine where we go tomorrow: headlong into natural disaster, or toward an equitable refashioning of coastal stewardship.

The industrial acceleration intensifies the negative environmental impacts, mainly in some very sensitive geographical areas. Environmental problems like water stress, deadly floods, scarcity of building materials, and prolonged periods of drought affect southern countries, including African nations. This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the fourth scientific conference on geosciences and environmental management (GeoME'4), held in Salé, Morocco, on June 22¿24, 2023. The book interests all researchers, practitioners, and students in geosciences, the environment, and water management.The book delivers a comprehensive overview of the latest research covering the following aspects of green technologies for sustainable water and wastewater management: nature-based solutions in the water cycle and advanced technologies in geosciences, geotechnics, and the environment. Additionally, it features six keynote speakers by international experts, providing valuable insights and further enhancing its value as a comprehensive resource on the following topics: Water management Environmental engineeringGeosciences and geotechnical engineering

This book provides a detailed study and assessment of water resources management andpollution control in different BRICS countries. The regions involved areBrazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. This book gives importantinsight into how future sustainability depends on the development of effectivewater governance mechanisms at the level of countries. According to theregional characteristics from different aspects it cuts into the waterenvironment problems and studies in different ways, which is multifaceted andtargeted. Using case studies that include environmentally integrated basinexperiments (eibex) of Brazil, groundwater overflow zone of India, semi-aridriver basin of South Africa and so on, this volume provides criticalinformation for researchers and policymakers.

To monitor multi-hazards, Remote Sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have been extensively used in recent years worldwide. Since natural hazards cannot be eliminated, only quantification of these events and reliable forecasting can alleviate their detrimental effects, through which we can build more resilient and safe societies. Moreover, cultivating the proper knowledge of the multi-hazards and their monitoring and management can fill the gap between science, policy, and the community concerned. In an endeavor to understand and characterize the various hazards, Monitoring and Managing Multi-hazards: A Multidisciplinary approach presents a synthesis of what cross-disciplinary researchers know about these hazards and indigenous adaptation strategies.The book therefore focuses on the use of precision techniques, Remote Sensing, and GIS technologies to quantify various natural, environmental and social hazards along with the capacity building and sustainable mitigation strategies towards resilient societies. It encompasses both thematic and regional case studies to highlight the dynamicity of climate change, change of natural resources, landscape, water, river, agricultural, and social ecosystems at various spatio-temporal scales, including theoretical and applied aspects. The book gives readers an overview and analysis of traditional and advanced geospatial technologies on atmospheric, lithospheric, hydrosphere, biospheric and socio-economic contexts, on all spatial and temporal scales regarding hazards and disasters and sustainable development and management for the future.

This volume presents full paper contributions from the International Conference of European Spatial Data for Coastal and Marine Remote Sensing (EUCOMARE) 2022, with the support of the ERASMUS+ Programme of the European Union, held in Saint Malo, France. EUCOMARE aims to promote academic and technical exchange on coastal related studies including coastal environmental and socio-economic issues, with the use of European remotely sensed data. The book is an excellent resource for scientists, engineers, and programme managers eager to learn about the recent developments and achievements in the field of remote sensing applications on marine and coastal areas. Readers will learn about recent advances in sensors' radiometric, spatial, temporal and spectral resolution, as well as new data processing approaches in remote sensing for monitoring and mapping the various characteristics of marine, coastal and aquatic systems.

This proceedings book presents a discussion by leading scientists and specialists of the latest scientific results, developed methods, technologies and technical means of research and pilot work in the field of geosciences and environmental management. An important task is to familiarize young specialists, teachers, graduate students and students with the current state and the latest world achievements in this field of knowledge. Currently, there is a rapid and significant climate change, which manifests itself not only in global warming, but also in noticeable changes in other atmospheric and climatic characteristics among others.

This book discusses the key problems and solutions with various applicable approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial waste water. Several genes are selected within the chapters to illustrate the past and future roles of molecular ecophysiology and genomics in the development of wastewater microbiology as an important subdiscipline of microbial ecology. As we have very limited knowledge of composition, dynamics and stability of microbial communities, various processes in wastewater treatment have been generally considered to be "black box." In recent years, with the development of several new high throughput sequencing platforms, metagenome sequencing strategies and bioinformatics toolboxes, the analysis of the genome of complex communities has become much more accessible and means easier.The opening of the biological wastewater treatment ¿black box¿ is not the unpleasant experience it was before. The viable, but not cultural, ceases tobe the inconsequential, uncharacterizable enigma that existed today. Metagenomics leads the way for more specific studies in related fields. Finally, genomic studies of wastewater treatment microbes, in addition to their biotechnological applications, are also an excellent testing ground for variety of other ecological and environmental burns questions. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant determinants. Comparative genomics of antibiotic resistant genes isolated from conventional activated sludge and biological aerated filter wastewater treatment plants is discussed.

This book reviews alternative water sources for producing potable water, and offers a comprehensive overview of the latest research and technologies. Edited by experts at the forefront of water resource management, the book presents a paradigm shift in the quest for sustainable and efficient methods of producing potable water.The book commences with a perspective on the changing landscape in potable water production, setting the stage for a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge techniques. Subsequent chapters offer a critical evaluation of potable rainwater harvesting system design and regulations and discuss the potential of utilizing urban runoff as a viable source for drinking water, highlighting both the possibilities and challenges that come with this approach. In this book, readers will also learn more about the sustainable reuse of wastewater, exploring innovative approaches on both building and city scales, and the complexities of producing potable water from saline waters. Particular attention is given to the latest advances in integrating renewable energy sources into the desalination process to produce potable water. In the final chapter of the book, readers will find an overview of the latest atmospheric water harvesting technologies, and an insightful discussion of the process, performance, energy efficiency, feasibility, and limitations of each.Given its breadth, this book is an important account for researchers, graduate-level students, and policymakers. It also serves as a roadmap for water resource engineers and planners tackling water scarcity and diverse water resources portfolios.

This book comprehensively discusses the methods and practices for evaluating geochemical processes in aquifer groundwater. Possible occurrence and mechanisms of rock-water interaction, trace metal mobilization, thermodynamic explanation, actions of aquifer CO2, pollution sources, geogenic influencing factors, and isotope dilution methods are the primary areas of focus. These water quality variables are analyzed using a variety of logical/theoretical explanations, statistical techniques, and experimental procedures to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and other industrial purposes. The work is an important addition to hydrogeochemical literature since many existing indexing methods for the assessment of water quality are very old and have some degree of limitation. The book will be a useful resource for students, lecturers, and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, hydrology, water pollution, and groundwater quality.

This book focuses, in seven chapters, on the perspectives and solutions that different research groups offer to try to address problems related to SDG 14: Life Below Water. The different objectives developed in SDG 14 are treated independently, with an attempt to give a global vision of the issues. The mechanism used to select the book's content was through an Artificial Intelligence program, choosing articles related to the topics by means of keywords. The program selected those articles, and those that were not related to the topic or did not focus on SDG 14 were discarded by a subject matter expert. Obviously, the selection was partial and the entire subject is not covered, but the final product gives a very solid idea of how to orient ourselves to delve deeper into the topic of SDG 14 using published chapters and articles. The AI program itself selected the text of these contributions to show the progress in different topics related to SDG 14. This mode of operation will allow specialists (and non-specialists) to collect useful information for their specific research purposes in a short period of time. At a time when information is essential in order to move quickly by providing concrete answers to complex problems, this type of approach will become essential for researchers, especially for a subject as vast as SDG 14.

This book aims at presenting a unified framework for the description of working principles, recent advances and applications of cutting-edge measurement technologies for the water sector. Instrumentation and measurement technologies are currently playing a key role in the monitoring, assessment and protection of environmental resources. Measurement techniques and sensing methods for the observation of water systems are rapidly evolving and are requiring an increased multi-disciplinary participation.The whole water sector is characterised by multiple technological contexts concerning the monitoring of the resource, given the broad coverage that includes water from its natural domains to the men-made infrastructures. In particular, instrumentation and measurement technologies have a pervasive presence in all the necessary aspects for the assessment, monitoring and control of the water resource and of its relationship with the various environmental stressors, including the anthropic pressures.Therefore, the book aims at presenting how the diagnostics/monitoring methodologies and the related technologies can give an answer to the issues raised by the complex scenario characterising the water cycle management (WCM). The book is structured in five topical sections, grouped by similarity of their technological and/or applicative contexts.