Hydrologi og hydrosfæren

Isabella Lövin's The Oceanic Feeling: On the Need for a New Narrative, is a unique document of a life spent on the front lines of the climate battle, and at the negotiating tables where the future of our planet is decided.The Swedish investigative journalist who became a member of the European Parliament and then served for seven years in government, five of those as Deputy Prime Minister and Climate Minister, takes us on a journey behind the scenes of climate and global ocean policy making.Some may remember the viral picture of her signing the Swedish climate law in 2017. As Donald Trump just had signed a regressive executive order limiting women's sexual and reproductive rights surrounded by only men, she by contrast signed progressive climate legislation surrounded by women.Deeply concerned about the shrinking confidence in democracy Lövin offers a pedagogic and hopeful account of the fact that change can happen, if there is a will and a vision. But she also recognizes the main reason why humanity is not acting on the many global crises: a narrative of egoism and individualism. A truer and much more positive story can be found when we recognize "The Oceanic Feeling"; a deep connection with nature, people and the miraculous web of life on the planet; putting empathy, responsibility and awe at the center of what it is to be human.How, Lövin asks us, can we convert the world to this new, healthier narrative?

Now in paperback: a "deeply researched and reported" (San Francisco Chronicle) exploration of sea level rise in California that "breathes exquisite detail and dialogue" (Science Magazine) into the subject.2023 Golden Poppy Award Winner for Nonfiction, Chosen by the California Independent Booksellers Alliance"Viscerally urgent, thoroughly reported, and compellingly written—a must-read for our uncertain times." —Ed Yong, author of An Immense World"When do seawalls make sense? And when is it better to give in to the tides? [...] In California Against the Sea, Xia [...] writes about the difficult realities of trying to incorporate fairness into our tally of costs and benefits." —The New YorkerAlong California's 1,200-mile coastline, the overheated Pacific Ocean is rising and pressing in, imperiling both wildlife and the maritime towns and cities that 27 million people call home. In California Against the Sea, Los Angeles Times coastal reporter Rosanna Xia asks: As climate chaos threatens the places we love so fiercely, will we finally grasp our collective capacity for change?Xia, a Pulitzer Prize finalist, investigates the impacts of engineered landscapes, the market pressures of development, and the ecological activism and political scrimmages that have carved our contemporary coastline—and foretell even greater changes to our shores. From the beaches of the Mexican border up to the sheer-cliffed North Coast, the voices of Indigenous leaders, community activists, small-town mayors, urban engineers, and tenacious environmental scientists commingle. Together, they chronicle the challenges and urgency of forging a climate-wise future. Xia's investigation takes us to Imperial Beach, Los Angeles, Pacifica, Marin City, San Francisco, and beyond, weighing the rivaling arguments, agreements, compromises, and visions governing the State of California’s commitment to a coast for all. Through graceful reportage, she charts how the decisions we make today will determine where we go tomorrow: headlong into natural disaster, or toward an equitable refashioning of coastal stewardship.

The industrial acceleration intensifies the negative environmental impacts, mainly in some very sensitive geographical areas. Environmental problems like water stress, deadly floods, scarcity of building materials, and prolonged periods of drought affect southern countries, including African nations. This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the fourth scientific conference on geosciences and environmental management (GeoME'4), held in Salé, Morocco, on June 22¿24, 2023. The book interests all researchers, practitioners, and students in geosciences, the environment, and water management.The book delivers a comprehensive overview of the latest research covering the following aspects of green technologies for sustainable water and wastewater management: nature-based solutions in the water cycle and advanced technologies in geosciences, geotechnics, and the environment. Additionally, it features six keynote speakers by international experts, providing valuable insights and further enhancing its value as a comprehensive resource on the following topics: Water management Environmental engineeringGeosciences and geotechnical engineering

This book explores how a long-term innovation can take place based on historical analyses of the development of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from the early 1950s to the mid-2010s. The RO membrane is a critical material for desalination that is a key to solve water shortages becoming serious in many places of the world.The authors conducted in-depth field studies as well as analyses of rich archival data to demonstrate how researchers, engineers, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers interacted each other for this material innovation to be realized. A series of historical analyses in this book uncovered that initial government supports, strategic niche markets, emergence of breakthrough technology, and company-specific rationales played significant roles for companies to overcome four types of uncertainty, technological, market, competition, and social/organizational ones, and enabled the companies to persistently invest in the development and commercialization of the RO membrane.This book depicts that innovation does not arise on a sudden, but that it is actualized through long lasting process with turns and twists, which is driven by many non-economic rationales beyond economic motives.

This book collects research papers on the economic and social impact of earth sciences. It covers topics related to weather forecasting, climate modelling, monsoon variability, air pollution, heat and cold wave, deep sea mineral and living resources, ocean state monitoring, tsunami and earthquake monitoring, desalination, coastal research, etc. The book focuses on the activities of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, India, in promoting the societal and economic impacts of earth science research in a simple language and in the form of stories and case studies, so that people with basic science degree can understand them.

This book provides a detailed study and assessment of water resources management andpollution control in different BRICS countries. The regions involved areBrazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. This book gives importantinsight into how future sustainability depends on the development of effectivewater governance mechanisms at the level of countries. According to theregional characteristics from different aspects it cuts into the waterenvironment problems and studies in different ways, which is multifaceted andtargeted. Using case studies that include environmentally integrated basinexperiments (eibex) of Brazil, groundwater overflow zone of India, semi-aridriver basin of South Africa and so on, this volume provides criticalinformation for researchers and policymakers.

This book focuses on many aspects of mass transfer dynamics of contamination in fractured media. First, it discusses the concept, structure and properties of fractured media. It then traces topics such as basic law of seepage in fractured media, the basic mass transfer theory of fractured media, numerical simulation of mass transfer process in fractured media, mathematical model and parameter inversion of mass transfer in fractured media and the frontier of mass transfer in fractured media. The book is a comprehensive reference for both graduate students and scientific and technological teams working in the fields of hydrogeology, water conservation, mining and civil engineering, environmental engineering, transportation, civil air defense and national defense.

To monitor multi-hazards, Remote Sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have been extensively used in recent years worldwide. Since natural hazards cannot be eliminated, only quantification of these events and reliable forecasting can alleviate their detrimental effects, through which we can build more resilient and safe societies. Moreover, cultivating the proper knowledge of the multi-hazards and their monitoring and management can fill the gap between science, policy, and the community concerned. In an endeavor to understand and characterize the various hazards, Monitoring and Managing Multi-hazards: A Multidisciplinary approach presents a synthesis of what cross-disciplinary researchers know about these hazards and indigenous adaptation strategies.The book therefore focuses on the use of precision techniques, Remote Sensing, and GIS technologies to quantify various natural, environmental and social hazards along with the capacity building and sustainable mitigation strategies towards resilient societies. It encompasses both thematic and regional case studies to highlight the dynamicity of climate change, change of natural resources, landscape, water, river, agricultural, and social ecosystems at various spatio-temporal scales, including theoretical and applied aspects. The book gives readers an overview and analysis of traditional and advanced geospatial technologies on atmospheric, lithospheric, hydrosphere, biospheric and socio-economic contexts, on all spatial and temporal scales regarding hazards and disasters and sustainable development and management for the future.

This volume presents full paper contributions from the International Conference of European Spatial Data for Coastal and Marine Remote Sensing (EUCOMARE) 2022, with the support of the ERASMUS+ Programme of the European Union, held in Saint Malo, France. EUCOMARE aims to promote academic and technical exchange on coastal related studies including coastal environmental and socio-economic issues, with the use of European remotely sensed data. The book is an excellent resource for scientists, engineers, and programme managers eager to learn about the recent developments and achievements in the field of remote sensing applications on marine and coastal areas. Readers will learn about recent advances in sensors' radiometric, spatial, temporal and spectral resolution, as well as new data processing approaches in remote sensing for monitoring and mapping the various characteristics of marine, coastal and aquatic systems.

This proceedings book presents a discussion by leading scientists and specialists of the latest scientific results, developed methods, technologies and technical means of research and pilot work in the field of geosciences and environmental management. An important task is to familiarize young specialists, teachers, graduate students and students with the current state and the latest world achievements in this field of knowledge. Currently, there is a rapid and significant climate change, which manifests itself not only in global warming, but also in noticeable changes in other atmospheric and climatic characteristics among others.

This book presents select proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Civil and Ecological Engineering Research (ACEER 2022). The book covers a wide range of topics, including construction engineering and management hydraulic and hydrologic engineering, air quality and atmospheric pollution, ecological risk assessment and management, restoration and protection of environment, water pollution and treatment, and water recourses engineering. This book also covers state-of-the-art technologies in building sustainable city, resilient buildings, and sustainable issues in relating to civil engineering. It will be useful for researchers and engineers working in the field of civil and ecological engineering.

This book discusses the key problems and solutions with various applicable approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial waste water. Several genes are selected within the chapters to illustrate the past and future roles of molecular ecophysiology and genomics in the development of wastewater microbiology as an important subdiscipline of microbial ecology. As we have very limited knowledge of composition, dynamics and stability of microbial communities, various processes in wastewater treatment have been generally considered to be "black box." In recent years, with the development of several new high throughput sequencing platforms, metagenome sequencing strategies and bioinformatics toolboxes, the analysis of the genome of complex communities has become much more accessible and means easier.The opening of the biological wastewater treatment ¿black box¿ is not the unpleasant experience it was before. The viable, but not cultural, ceases tobe the inconsequential, uncharacterizable enigma that existed today. Metagenomics leads the way for more specific studies in related fields. Finally, genomic studies of wastewater treatment microbes, in addition to their biotechnological applications, are also an excellent testing ground for variety of other ecological and environmental burns questions. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant determinants. Comparative genomics of antibiotic resistant genes isolated from conventional activated sludge and biological aerated filter wastewater treatment plants is discussed.

"Micro Plastic Mega Consequences"In the pages of "Micro Plastic Mega Consequences," we embark on a journey into the hidden world of microplastics, the tiny invaders with colossal consequences. This meticulously researched and eye-opening book delves into the intricate web of connections between microplastic pollution and the environment, human health, and our rapidly changing climate.Explore the Unseen Impact:Discover how these minuscule particles, often invisible to the naked eye, have infiltrated every corner of our planet, from the deepest ocean trenches to the remotest mountain peaks. "Micro Plastic Mega Consequences" unveils the astonishing ways in which microplastics are shaping our world.Reveal the Ecological Puzzle:Unravel the mystery of how microplastics affect marine life, from the tiniest plankton to the mightiest whales. Dive into the intricate food webs where microplastics disrupt the delicate balance of ocean ecosystems, ultimately influencing the food on our plates.Navigate the Human Connection:This book goes beyond science to explore the very human dimensions of the microplastic crisis. From seafood contamination to economic impacts on coastal communities and the profound cultural ties to our oceans, "Micro Plastic Mega Consequences" examines the broader implications for societies around the world.Unlock Climate Dynamics:Discover how climate change and microplastic pollution engage in complex feedback loops, potentially amplifying each other's impact. Gain insights into the surprising ways in which microplastics interact with climate systems and carbon cycling, influencing our planet's future.A Call to Action:As we journey through the pages of "Micro Plastic Mega Consequences," we are confronted with the urgency of addressing this global challenge. This book serves as a rallying cry to protect our oceans, safeguard biodiversity, and combat climate change. It offers a path forward, with practical solutions and a vision for a cleaner, healthier world.If you are curious about the invisible threat lurking in our environment, if you are concerned about the future of our oceans and planet, and if you are inspired to make a difference, "Micro Plastic Mega Consequences" is a must-read. Join us on this exploration of science, ecology, and human society, and be empowered to take action against the mega consequences of microplastics.

This book reviews alternative water sources for producing potable water, and offers a comprehensive overview of the latest research and technologies. Edited by experts at the forefront of water resource management, the book presents a paradigm shift in the quest for sustainable and efficient methods of producing potable water.The book commences with a perspective on the changing landscape in potable water production, setting the stage for a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge techniques. Subsequent chapters offer a critical evaluation of potable rainwater harvesting system design and regulations and discuss the potential of utilizing urban runoff as a viable source for drinking water, highlighting both the possibilities and challenges that come with this approach. In this book, readers will also learn more about the sustainable reuse of wastewater, exploring innovative approaches on both building and city scales, and the complexities of producing potable water from saline waters. Particular attention is given to the latest advances in integrating renewable energy sources into the desalination process to produce potable water. In the final chapter of the book, readers will find an overview of the latest atmospheric water harvesting technologies, and an insightful discussion of the process, performance, energy efficiency, feasibility, and limitations of each.Given its breadth, this book is an important account for researchers, graduate-level students, and policymakers. It also serves as a roadmap for water resource engineers and planners tackling water scarcity and diverse water resources portfolios.

This book comprehensively discusses the methods and practices for evaluating geochemical processes in aquifer groundwater. Possible occurrence and mechanisms of rock-water interaction, trace metal mobilization, thermodynamic explanation, actions of aquifer CO2, pollution sources, geogenic influencing factors, and isotope dilution methods are the primary areas of focus. These water quality variables are analyzed using a variety of logical/theoretical explanations, statistical techniques, and experimental procedures to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and other industrial purposes. The work is an important addition to hydrogeochemical literature since many existing indexing methods for the assessment of water quality are very old and have some degree of limitation. The book will be a useful resource for students, lecturers, and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, hydrology, water pollution, and groundwater quality.

This book focuses, in seven chapters, on the perspectives and solutions that different research groups offer to try to address problems related to SDG 14: Life Below Water. The different objectives developed in SDG 14 are treated independently, with an attempt to give a global vision of the issues. The mechanism used to select the book's content was through an Artificial Intelligence program, choosing articles related to the topics by means of keywords. The program selected those articles, and those that were not related to the topic or did not focus on SDG 14 were discarded by a subject matter expert. Obviously, the selection was partial and the entire subject is not covered, but the final product gives a very solid idea of how to orient ourselves to delve deeper into the topic of SDG 14 using published chapters and articles. The AI program itself selected the text of these contributions to show the progress in different topics related to SDG 14. This mode of operation will allow specialists (and non-specialists) to collect useful information for their specific research purposes in a short period of time. At a time when information is essential in order to move quickly by providing concrete answers to complex problems, this type of approach will become essential for researchers, especially for a subject as vast as SDG 14.

This book aims at presenting a unified framework for the description of working principles, recent advances and applications of cutting-edge measurement technologies for the water sector. Instrumentation and measurement technologies are currently playing a key role in the monitoring, assessment and protection of environmental resources. Measurement techniques and sensing methods for the observation of water systems are rapidly evolving and are requiring an increased multi-disciplinary participation.The whole water sector is characterised by multiple technological contexts concerning the monitoring of the resource, given the broad coverage that includes water from its natural domains to the men-made infrastructures. In particular, instrumentation and measurement technologies have a pervasive presence in all the necessary aspects for the assessment, monitoring and control of the water resource and of its relationship with the various environmental stressors, including the anthropic pressures.Therefore, the book aims at presenting how the diagnostics/monitoring methodologies and the related technologies can give an answer to the issues raised by the complex scenario characterising the water cycle management (WCM). The book is structured in five topical sections, grouped by similarity of their technological and/or applicative contexts.

This textbook offers a complete comprehensive coverage of wastewater engineering from pollutant classification, design of collection systems and treatment systems including operational guidelines for the treatment plants. Apart from the primary and conventional secondary wastewater treatment, this book covers the details and design of advanced biological treatment systems such as sequencing batch reactor (SBR), up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and hybrid reactor, with design examples and photographs of actual working reactors which is useful for students and practicing engineers. This textbook is designed to provide complete solution for the wastewater engineering for easy reference to the users. This textbook is an ideal reference for courses taught at the university undergraduate and postgraduate level in the field of civil/environmental engineering, chemical engineering, water management and environmental science.  It should also appeal to practicing engineers in the wastewater engineering and effluent treatment plant designers.

"Variability of Coastal Current" is a comprehensive book written by D Soum, which provides an in-depth analysis of the coastal current and its variability. The book covers various aspects of oceanography, including the continental slope and shelf, thermocline, and water masses. The author examines the influence of monsoon winds on the coastal currents, eddies, upwelling, and water properties such as temperature and salinity. The book explores the dynamics of the coastal current and its circulation within the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. The author describes the physical processes, mesoscale and submesoscale features, and the impact of coastal upwelling, cyclonic, and anticyclonic eddies on the current. The book also discusses the use of remote sensing and satellite observations in studying the variability of the current and the seasonal changes. The author highlights the importance of understanding the variability of the Bay of Bengal coastal current in the coastal zone and its impact on sea level, winds, currents, and tides. The book also draws comparisons with other eastern boundary currents such as the Benguela Current, Brazil Current, California Current, Canary Current, Somali Current, Leeuwin Current, and Agulhas Current. Overall, "Variability of Coastal Current" provides a comprehensive overview of the variability of the Bay of Bengal coastal current and its significance in oceanography. The book is an excellent resource for researchers, students, and professionals interested in coastal oceanography and the dynamics of eastern boundary currents.

The city of Leh is located in the high mountain desert of Ladakh in the Indian Himalayas and access to water has always been limited there. In recent years, the town has experienced high rates of urbanisation on the one hand, and tourist numbers have increased exponentially on the other, which has implications for the water supply of the people living there. Through several years of on-site research, challenges on various levels were documented and current governance approaches were analysed. This research forms the basis for future approaches to sustainable development.