Social geografi

Med helt ny statistik, underholdende cases, et samfundsvidenskabeligt fundament og stærke holdninger bidrager Bjørn Brandenborg og Lars Olsen til debatten om forskellene mellem by og land.De to forfattere skriver fra hver deres aldersgruppe – hhv. 69 og 32 år – og fra hver deres geografiske perspektiv – Lars Olsen er født og opvokset i København og bor nu i Holbæk, og Bjørn Brandenborg er født og bor i Svendborg – men mødes i en enighed om, at vilkårene for at bo uden for de store byer er vanskelige og bidrager til unødvendig forskelsbehandling. Det handler om adgang til sundhedsbehandling, mulighed for realkreditlån, offentlig transport og meget andet.Bogen er dog langt fra en klagesang. Den er også en hyldest til livet i provinsen med natur, sammenhold og aktivt foreningsliv. Brandenborg og Olsen sætter fokus på mange af de fremmende initiativer, der er taget de senere år, bl.a. udflytning af arbejdspladser og undervisningsinstitutioner.

This volume examines the potentially deleterious impact of place branding on the social fabric, ecosystems and local economies of the places concerned. As the different essays show, place branding is a fundamentally political practice, often driven by hidden agendas that marginalize certain groups within society. Contributors explore place branding from a wide variety of angles, including: the role played by the visual arts in city branding; the applied arts, and speci cally the fashion industry¿s potential for shaping perceptions of a particular place; the different ways in which sport has been exploited by the political elites; the role of design in place branding, including the architectural design of sports stadia; and the potentially insidious economic and societal consequences of excessive consumption of branded places.

Oilscapes are to be understood as an aestheticized synthesis of objects of extraction, distribution, processing, and consumption of petroleum and petroleum-derived products. Based on the concept of neopragmatic landscape research, this book addresses questions of the social construction of the relationship between the petrochemical industry and the landscape, as well as individual interpretations and evaluations in this regard. The particular focus is on exploring the possibilities and limits of aesthetic experience of oilscapes as well as the categorizations, interpretations, and evaluations of these aesthetic outcomes. In recourse to the neopragmatic tradition, to the thinking of Richard Rorty, the engagement with ¿sensory induced cognition' is carried out from the stance of irony, directed in particular at the discourse community possessing 'expert special knowledge', with a special focus on methods of representation that are innovative in the context of spatial science. The study area for assessing this approach is Louisiana (United States), which ¿ being spatially quite diverse ¿ has been intensively shaped for more than a century by the activities of the petrochemical industry, as well as its unintended health and ecological side effects.

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted with the Thai migrant community in Hong Kong between 2016 and 2020, this book provides original insights into the complexity and diversity of identity negotiation, ethnicity navigation, and womanhood reinvention of Thai migrant women in Hong Kong. Allowing research to move beyond standard stories of victimized migrants and domestic workers by focusing on the increasing number of Southeast Asians moving into the middle-class, this ethnographic study of the everyday lived experience of Thai migrant women in Hong Kong will advance a new understanding of transnational migration and mobility at the intersections of gender, ethnicity, class, generation, and religion. This book illustrates the influence of transnationalism and multiculturalism on migrant women's meaning-making and accentuates the importance of diversity within a migrant population ¿ in particular, the importance of maintaining an intersectional perspective to understand the broader phenomenon of contemporary middle-class and professional migration within Southeast Asia.

Taking the Goki-Shichido (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits of Ancient Japan) as a theoretical framework, this book examines shrinking Japan from a regional variation perspective by municipality along the ancient Sannyodo, which comprises eight provinces and four prefectures today. The book identifies the principal explanatory factors based on the small area data of e-Stat through GPS statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva, within a historical perspective. This historical knowledge helps in understanding the significance of the regional cultural heritage that remains in each municipality today. The book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, presenting a completely unique approach from what other researchers have pursued.This book studies two present-day prefectures along the ancient Sannyodo for detailed analyses of the impacts of regional variations of population decline in Japan. They are Hiroshima Prefecture, made up of the former Bingo and Aki provinces, and Yamaguchi Prefecture, formed by the ancient provinces of Suo and Nagato. The reasons for selecting these two prefectures of ancient Sannyodo are twofold. First, they are made up of a multiple number of the ancient provinces. Second, other prefectures that fall under the Sannyodo have been studied in the previous works of the present author by adopting the same methods of analyses. Thus, by presenting unique analyses of regional variations on small municipal levels in Hiroshima and Yamaguchi prefectures along the Sannyodo, this book offers suggestions for effective regional policy to revitalize shrinking Japan to a sustainable one.

Die Jahre 2007/2008 brachten eine Preiskrise für Agrarprodukte und Nahrungsmittel, wie seit Jahrzehnten nicht mehr bekannt. Weltweit litten bis zu 115 Mio. Menschen zusätzlich Hunger. Unerhört war, dass die Krise im Vorfeld unerkannt blieb: Produktion und Verbrauch wurden wie in den Vorjahren angemessen prognostiziert, nicht aber die Preisspitzen und die Volatilität. Das Buch untersucht die Zusammenhänge, die zu dieser Preisekrise führten sowie auch die Gründe, warum deren Ursachen so lange unerkannt blieben.Während in der Wissenschaft, in der Politikberatung und in den Medien ganz überwiegend ¿realwirtschaftliche¿ Faktoren von Störungen bei Angebot und Nachfrage (unzureichende Ernten in einzelnen Ländern, geringe Bevorratung, Biosprit-Boom, Nachfrageerhöhung v.a. in Asien) diskutiert wurden, lassen sich diese Argumente leicht dekonstruieren. Weder einzeln noch im Zusammenwirken können realwirtschaftliche Faktoren die Höhe und v.a. die Volatilität der Preise auch nur annähernd erklären.Dem gegenüber beklagen langjährige Akteure auf den Terminmärkten das zunehmende Auftreten neuer Akteure, die gewaltige Finanzvolumen einsetzen. Sie nutzen Terminbörsen für Rohstoffe ¿ darunter Agrarrohstoffe ¿ zur Absicherung ihrer Anlagen in anderen Märkten, da sich die Werte bei Rohstoffen angeblich gegenläufig zu anderen Anlageklassen bewegen. Zudem scheint es bei Terminkontrakten auf Rohstoffe eine Strategie zu geben, wie sich risikoarm verlässliche Renditen erzielen lassen.Eine unrühmliche Rolle kommt langjährig ausgewiesenen Vertretern der Wissenschaft zu: Sie legen theoretisch und empirisch dar, dass Spekulation auf den Terminmärkten ganz überwiegend keine signifikant (negative) Rolle bei den Preisentwicklungen zuzumessen ist. Diese Sichtweise setzt sich in den Internationalen Organisationen durch. Lediglich der Untersuchungsausschuss des US-Senats folgt den Einwänden der Praktiker, die auf folgende Sachverhalte verweisen: Die Wissenschaft nutzt eine völlig unangemessene Datenbasis, die nicht geeignet ist, übermäßige Spekulation aufzudecken. Sie setzt zur Analyse methodische Werkzeuge ein, die gerade bei hoher Volatilität der Preise unangemessen sind. Sie nutzten Theorien, die nur in idealen (theoretischen) Umgebungen Erklärungsgehalt bieten und in der Praxis keinerlei Relevanz besitzen.

For the past 9,000 years, people lived and flourished along the 1,000-mile Aleutian archipelago reaching from the American continent nearly to Asia. The Aleutian chain and surrounding waters supported 40,000 or more people before the Russians arrived. Despite the antiquity of continuous human occupation, the size of the area, and the fascinating and complex social organization, the region has received scant notice from the public. This volume provides a thorough review describing the varied cultures of the ancestral Unangax¿, using archaeological reports, articles, and unpublished data; documented Unangax¿ oral histories, and ethnohistories from early European and American visitors, assessed through the authors¿ multi-decade experience working in the Aleutian Archipelago.Unangam Tanangin ilan Unangax¿/Aliguutax¿ Maqax¿singin ama Kadaangim Tanangin Anag¿ix¿taqangis (Culture and Archaeology of the Ancestral Unangax¿/Aleut of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska) begins with a description of the physical and biological world (The Physical Environment and The Living Environment) of which the Unangax¿ are part, followed by a description of the archaeological research in the region (The People). The rest of the book addresses ancestral Unangax¿ life including settlement on the land, and the characteristics of sites based on the activities that took place there (People on the Landscape). From this broad perspective, the view narrows to the people making a living through hunting, fishing, and collecting food along the shore-line, making their intricate tools, storing and cooking food, and sewing and weaving (Making a Living); household life including house construction, households, and the work done within the home (Life at Home); and the personal changes an individual goes through from the time they are born through death, including spiritual transitions and ceremonies (Transitions), and the evidence for these events in the material record. This bookis written in gratitude to the Unangax¿ and Aleut people for the opportunity to work in Unangam Tanangin or the Aleutian Islands, and to learn about your culture. We hope you find this book useful. The purpose of this book is to introduce the broader public to the cultures of this North Pacific archipelago in a single source, while simultaneously providing researchers a comprehensive synthesis of archaeology in the region.

Drawing on affect theory and the key themes of attachment, disruption and belonging, this book examines the ways in which our placed surroundings - whether urban design, border management or organisations - shape and form experiences of gender. Bringing together key debates across the fields of sociology, geography and organisation studies, the book sets out new theoretical ground to examine and consolidate shared experiences of what it means to be in or out of place. Contributors explore how our gendered selves encounter place, and critically examine the way in which experiences of gender shape meanings and attachments, as well as how place produces gendered modes of identity, inclusion and belonging. Emphasizing the intertwined dynamics of affect and being affected, the book examines the gendering of place and the placing of gender.

A buoyant, creative economy can be seen as the saviour of many cities, but behind such 'urban makeovers' lie serious problems such as widening inequalities, job precarity, gentrification and environmental issues. In light of the pandemic and climate crisis, how well are city economies, based largely on culture, nightlife and tourism, meeting basic societal needs? Blending lively case studies of alternative cultural practices and spaces with broader theoretical debates, this book explores the opportunities for a more just and sustainable urban future.

Räumliche Ungleichheiten innerhalb von Staaten haben jüngst an Bedeutung gewonnen, wie die geografische Verteilung von Wahlergebnissen in vielen Ländern zeigt. Das Buch analysiert die Rolle von Indikatoren sowohl für die Messung von räumlichen Disparitäten als auch für die Steuerung kompensatorischer Interventionen des Staates. Indikatoren vermessen Raum typischerweise in einem territorialen Schema, was nicht unbedingt den durch Praktiken konstituierten Räumen entspricht. Der Band untersucht die Territorialpolitik staatlicher Akteure in den Politikfeldern Kommunalfinanzen, Bildungsinfrastruktur, Regionalförderung und Asylverwaltung primär am Beispiel Deutschlands. Er zeigt, dass Indikatoren nur in einigen dieser Politikfelder eine Schlüsselstellung erreicht haben.

There is widespread agreement among development politicians and scholars that the fate of humanity will be decided in Africa. However, the world public is still not aware of this. Our southern neighbouring continent is only ever in the focus of general interest when it comes to remedying the numerous humanitarian disasters. The fact that the cause of most disasters is to be found in the extremely dynamic population development of the 49 sub-Saharan states is usually concealed by politicians and the mass media. The author resolutely opposes the downplaying of the potential threat resulting from the population explosion in sub-Saharan Africa - not only for the continent, but for humanity as such. In his fact-based study, this dangerous scenario is analyzed in depth against the demographic background, and possible ways out are also pointed out.

This book offers a unique blend of writing from a broad range of international perspectives, showing interdisciplinary research approaches to decolonising curriculum knowledge. With a focus on the intellectual, emotional, economic, and political reversal of colonial injustices, the decolonial research and writing in this book challenge dominant viewpoints and assumptions of curriculum knowledge by amplifying and disseminating the knowledge and perspectives of peoples that curriculum knowledge has historically silenced and marginalized. The chapters in this book allow the reader to learn from the historical, social, political, cultural, and educational contexts of the UK, Nepal, South Africa, Namibia, Australia, Colombia, Canada, Thailand, Mauritius, Poland, Russia, Norway, and the Netherlands. This internationality provides the reader with a multitude of research themes and critical analytical perspectives for seeing how epistemic power permeates as cultural imperialism in education policies and practices across the world.

Brings together feminist and geographical approaches to the gendered dimensions of various types of infrastructure across the globe. The first book to take a feminist geographical approach to infrastructure, Gendered Infrastructures delves into the complex relationships between identity, social relations, and infrastructure. By drawing on feminist scholarship to enable new frameworks for critical study, this edited volume explores the gendered nature of infrastructures as diverse as Senegal's waste disposal, Vietnam's cement industry, and Lilongwe's water kiosks. The chapters consider how infrastructural assemblages rework and shape gendered relations, identities, and meanings across space, while tracing the intersectionality of relations and uneven geographies that surround infrastructure. Ultimately, the contributors show how gender is always present in the quotidian building blocks that organize the socio-material world and daily life. Edited by Yaffa Truelove and Anu Sabhlok, and the third book in Amy Trauger and Jennifer Fluri's Gender, Feminism, and Geography series, the original essays in Gendered Infrastructures respond to and build upon a "new infrastructural turn in critical scholarship"--one that has helped enliven studies of identity across scale. The volume is relevant to geographers, anthropologists, architects, sociologists, urban researchers, and other interdisciplinary scholars interested in the gendered and social dimensions of infrastructure.

This books comprises of 24 chapters by experts from developed and developing countries. The book cover Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, the UK and England, USA, West Africa, and Zambia.FOREWORD by David J. Hunter, Emeritus Professor, Newcastle University, the UK.

This book considers theoretical issues of the ethnocultural landscape concepts at large as well as examples of its practical application in ethnic communities of Siberia. It reveals the patterns of the processes of penetration, settlement, development and adaptation of Siberian populations from Paleolithic time to Russian colonization in the era of the Russian Empire, during Soviet modernization and in the face of modern challenges. The authors consider the principal interactions (character, stages, conditions), system-related evidence and phenomena that determine the diverse specifics and multidirectional vectors of a change in the ethnic (social, cultural, economic, legal) presence in large subregions of Siberia in the mirror of various theoretical paradigms.This transdisciplinary volume appeals to researchers, lecturers and students in the fields of geography, history, philosophy, anthropology, ecology, archaeology and interfaces to many other disciplines.

The Festival Cities of Edinburgh and Adelaide examines how these cities¿ world-famous arts events have shaped and been shaped by their long-term interaction with their urban environments. While the Edinburgh International Festival and Adelaide Festival are long-established, prestigious events that champion artistic excellence, they are also accompanied by the two largest open-access fringe festivals in the world. It is this simultaneous staging of multiple events within Edinburgh¿s Summer Festivals and Adelaide¿s Mad March that generates the visibility and festive atmosphere popularly associated with both places. Drawing on perspectives from theatre studies and cultural geography, this book interrogates how the Festival City, as a place myth, has developed in the very different local contexts of Edinburgh and Adelaide, and how it is challenged by groups competing for the right to use and define public space. Each chapter examines a recent performative event in which festivaldebates and controversies spilled out beyond the festival space to activate the public sphere by intersecting with broader concerns and audiences. This book forges an interdisciplinary, comparative framework for festival studies to interrogate how festivals are embedded in the social and political fabric of cities and to assess the cultural impact of the festivalisation phenomenon.

This book deals with foodscapes, which are still a relatively young field of research in the social sciences and were first addressed in the context of questions of spatial inequality in the mid-1990s. In addition to an introduction to various landscape concepts as well as a brief historical outline on the geographical study of food, the volume focuses on the multidimensionality of foodscapes and illustrates this with two case studies.

Dieses Open Access Buch erarbeitet konkrete Ansatzpunkte, wie die kommunale Praxis in Politik und Verwaltung Beiträge zur Ernährungswende Richtung Nachhaltigkeit leisten kann. Dabei wird u.a. aufgezeigt, dass die Aufgaben von Städten und Gemeinden, beispielsweise bei der öffentlichen Beschaffung, in Planungsfragen oder bei der Wirtschaftsförderung, bereits weit in ernährungsrelevante Bereiche hineinreichen und somit wichtige Hebelpunkte für nachhaltige Praktiken bestehen.

This book offers in-depth ethnographic analyses of key informants¿ interviews on the ecological urbanism and ecosystem services (ES) of selected green infrastructure (GI) in Yoruba cities of Ile-Ife, Ibadan, Osogbo, Lagos, Abeokuta, Akure, Ondo, among others in Southwest Nigeria. It examines the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) demonstrated for wellbeing through home gardens by this largest ethno-linguistic group in Nigeria. This is in addition to the ES of Osun Grove UNESCO World Heritage Site, Osogbo; Biological Garden and Park, Akure; Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos; Adekunle Fajuyi Park, Ado-Ekiti; Muri Okunola Park, Lagos; and some institutional GI including University of Ibadan Botanical Gardens, Ibadan; Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Botanical Garden, Abeokuta; and University of Lagos Lagoon Front Resort, Lagos, Nigeria. The study draws on theoretical praxis of Western biophilic ideologies, spirit ontologies of the Global South, and largely, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) to examine eco-cultural green spaces, home gardens, and English-types of parks and gardens as archetypes of GI in Yoruba traditional urbanism, colonial and post-colonial city planning. The book provides methods of achieving a form of modernized traditionalism as means of translating the IKS into design strategies for eco-cultural cities. The strategies are framework, model, and ethnographic design algorithms that are syntheses of the lived experiences of the key informants.

The concept of smart cities holds environmental promises: that digital technologies will reduce carbon emissions, air pollution and waste, and help address climate change. Drawing on academic scholarship and two case studies from Manchester and Helsinki, this timely and accessible book examines what happens when these promises are broken, as they prioritise technological innovation rather than environmental care. The book reveals that smart cities' vision of sustainable digital future obfuscates the environmental harms and social injustices that digitisation inflicts. The framework of "broken promises", coined by the authors, centres environmental questions in analysing imaginaries and practices of smart cities. This is a must read for anyone interested in the connections between digital technologies and environment justice.

This book details an innovative multi-scalar framework to examine the intersection of spatial levels in shaping social justice issues in education. Including an examination of key dimensions such as geographic divisions (between and within countries), school design, online learning, home-schooling, and student mobility, the framework is applied to analyse the interrelation between space, identity, and education. The authors reveal how this novel integration of scales is essential for a more comprehensive and probing understanding of educational inequalities. As an example of theoretical interdisciplinarity mobilised to tackle the urgent issues of our time, the twin dimensions of space and identity, discussed at multi-scalar levels, provides an invaluable theoretical resource for scholars and students of education, sociology and geography.

This book provides a broad view on multisensory landscapes from multiple perspectives. It includes theoretical perspectives as well as case studies. Different theoretical perspectives on landscape emerging from research in the last decades also require a differentiated approach to landscape phenomena, going beyond the visual. For example, a social constructivist approach to the social world foregrounds the processes of negotiating social ¿realities¿. This is not limited to visual aspects, and is not based on a clear physical measurability with an accompanying (purely quantitative) recording. A phenomenological approach, for example, places the synesthetic experience of landscape at the core of interest. This approach to the topic of multisensory via ¿landscape¿ is obvious for several reasons. Firstly, landscape is created (from a constructivist perspective) through the synthesis of sensory impressions on the basis of social patterns of interpretation and evaluation. Secondly, communication about ¿landscape¿ is also accessible to people who do not have any ¿expertlike special knowledge¿ in this regard. Thirdly, landscape as a changing concept is not only a concept of landscape but also of landscape itself. Fourthly, landscape as a changeable concept is particularly suitable for conceptually framing the highly fleeting non-visual stimuli.

Geotourismus, lange als eine Form des Nischentourismus betrachtet, hat sich zu einer nachgefragten Form des Thementourismus entwickelt. Im letzten Jahrzehnt erwies sich Geotourismus sogar als das am schnellsten wachsende Tourismussegment. Geoparks sind die wesentlichen Träger des Geotourismus. Sie sind keine zusätzliche Naturschutzkategorie, sondern eine Prädikatisierung für Gebiete, die ein herausragendes Geopotential aufweisen sowie eine Strategie zur nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung. Ihre spezifischen Geotope und Geolandschaften (Geodiversität) nutzen sie für ein geotouristisches Standortmarketing. Über Geobildung wird Interesse für geotouristische Angebote geweckt und ein Bewusstsein für den Geotopschutz aufgebaut, der nach wie vor ein Stiefkind des Naturschutzes ist. Bereits seit dem Jahr 2000 besteht das Netzwerk der European Geoparks. In Deutschland können zusätzlich Nationale GeoParks anerkannt werden. 2015 wurde mit den UNESCO Global Geoparks eine weitere Kategorie von UNESCOStätten ¿ neben den Welterbestätten und den Biosphärenreservaten ¿ ins Leben gerufen. Als Modellregionen für nachhaltige Entwicklung sollen sie aufzeigen, wie Ziele der globalen Nachhaltigkeitsagenda 2030 auf kommunaler und regionaler Ebene umgesetzt werden können.