Geografiske informationssystemer (GIS) og fjernanalyse

This book offers a thorough description of the challenges posed by increasing global urbanization. In addition, comprehensive perspectives are offered on how the contemporary urban challenges of our time are tackled by existing designers, architects, urban planners, and landscape architects thereby considering climate change, migration, resilience, politics, and environmental degradation. It includes insights from environmental design, geography, strategic planning, and engineering design. It goes beyond the jargon of technical innovation, and exposes the political, social and physical effects of digitalizing the world in smart cities. The book focuses on the application of geospatial technology of smart cities ¿ including system design for basic services, real-time control and the Internet of Things. It highlights the planning of land use, strategic development, and ecosystem-based knowledge to enhance economic growth and healthy urban environment and smart city management. The book also shows the contradictory aspects of smart city studies, and provides useful insights into the creation and execution of policies to strengthen decision-making processes in smart cities. This book leads the reader to a greater understanding of smart city growth, both theoretical and realistic and as such it provides an interesting read for urban geographers, urban designers and planners, environmental specialists, practitioners, students.

Modern tree fruit orchards and vineyards constitute complex production systems that are exposed to highly dynamic and stochastic natural, financial and societal forces, and face demands for increased production using fewer resources, with reduced environmental impact. Successful operation of orchards and vineyards under these conditions is practically impossible without careful and extensive use of state-of-the-art automation technologies and careful planning of future operations (e.g., training systems when replanting) that can be enabled by knowledge of emerging technologies and future trends. Also, improvement of existing automation technologies and development of novel future systems cannot be accomplished without a working understanding of the tree and vine biological production systems, their management needs, and the capabilities and limitations of existing automation systems. The book aims to provide the necessary knowledge to achieve the above goals in a way that can engage readers without engineering or horticultural backgrounds.

This volume provides a framework for evaluating geospatial software for participatory mapping. The evaluation is based on ten key indicators: ethics, cost, technical level, inclusiveness, data accuracy, data privacy, analytical capacity, visualization capacity, openness, and accessibility (i.e., mobile friendly or offline capabilities). Each application is evaluated by a user and cross analyzed with specific case studies of the software¿s real-world application. This framework does not discriminate against assessing volunteered geographic information (VGI) applications, as a form of participatory mapping, in circumstances that its application is spearheaded by underrepresented groups with the intent to empower and spark political or behavioral change within formal and informal institutions. Each chapter follows a strict template to ensure that the information within the volume can be updated periodically to match the ever-changing technological environment. The book covers ten different mapping applications with the goal of creating a comparative evaluation framework that can be easily interpreted by convening institutions and novice users. This will also help identify gaps in software for participatory mapping which will help to inform application development in the future and updates to current geospatial software.

Landscapes and Landforms of the Slovakia provides an attractive physiographical overview of the most prominent landscapes of Slovakia and the distinctive landforms associated with them. It describes the main driving factors leading to their evolution and importance for geoconservation and geotourism.The richly illustrated book provides the reader with enjoyable and informative descriptions of the selected sites within their regional geographical and geological settings range from the Tatras Mts. with glacially shaped relief as the highest region in the Carpahians to caves and lowlands taking into account fluvial, gravity-induced, karst and structural landscapes of the Slovakia.The book is organized in 3 parts: a) Introduction, which presents a general framework of the physical geography of Slovakia, b) Geomorphological landscapes, presenting papers dealing with key geomorphological areas, resp. landforms, c) Geoheritage and landscape protection, providing an updated vision on the geomorphological/geological heritage sites and landscape protection policy in Slovakia.The book will be relevant to scientists, scholars and any readers interested in geomorphology, geology,  physical geography, geoheritage, landscape tourism and environmental protection. It can be also used for undergraduate and graduate courses in Earth and environmental sciences.

"Improved Mapping of Vegetation and Minerals with Hybrid Spectral Matching" by Padma S. is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the field of remote sensing and geology.Through detailed research and analysis, Padma S. highlights the potential of hybrid spectral matching techniques in improving the accuracy of vegetation and mineral mapping. By combining the strengths of different spectral matching methods, hybrid techniques can overcome the limitations of individual techniques and provide more reliable and accurate mapping results.Whether you are a remote sensing expert or a geologist looking for new ways to improve your mapping techniques, "Improved Mapping of Vegetation and Minerals with Hybrid Spectral Matching" is a must-read resource.Order your copy today and discover how hybrid spectral matching techniques can revolutionize vegetation and mineral mapping.

This book presents a systematic analysis of challenges in the field of Geographical Information Systems and Science, geographical analysis, and regional science for Ontario, one of the fastest-changing provinces in Canada and one of North America's largest economic hubs. In nine chapters, the book offers advanced spatial analysis techniques and digital data content to integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as tools to tackle regional and urban challenges. The chapters address the following main topics: 1) state-of-the-art approaches for regional discrepancies, 2) investigations of available methods for advanced spatial analysis, 3) identification of regional patterns and land use dynamics, 4) availability of Web 3.0 data content for regions without standardized data, and 5) the limitations and challenges of urbanization and its impact on landscape, heritage and ecosystems. The volume is divided into four sections dealing with key issues in Ontario, each addressing the use of GIS for crucial regional decision-making. The book will be of interest to researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, planners, regional scientists, and policy makers.

Landscape Evolution of Continental-Scale River Systems: A Case Study of North America's Pre-Pleistocene Bell River Basin provides a detailed case study and complete analysis of this continental-scale North American paleo-river system. The book uses detrital zircon provenance data to link incision of the Grand Canyon to deposition of its erosional products in a giant drowned delta in the Labrador Sea, in the context of sedimentary source-to-sink processes and Plio-Pleistocene continental drainage changes. The case study describes the tectonic changes in this continental-scale paleo-river system, with global implications, and contrasts this system to other continental-scale river systems around the world. This book is a valuable reference for postgraduate students, academics and researchers in the fields of geology, fluvial geomorphology and other geosciences. Readers will be able to use this detailed case study to better understand the implications for how active tectonics of headwaters regions influence delta deposition in continental-scale river systems around the world.

This book deals with three different subjects: geography, social media and religion equally to discuss e-religiosity in terms of screenscapes that shaped digital socialization processes wherein the role of digital devices in general and smartphones in particular are considered crucial and critical. The spatial dimension is the primary foundation of the book wherein both space and place are discussed in digital manifestations in spatial sense. Religiosity is discussed variably in a sense of spirituality, social theories, religions and images. The book uses some illustrations to understand image politics. Image politics is quintessential in the age of digital technologies when production and reproduction of images are not restricted to business only; rather it attracts politics too and politicians often use the same to make political scores against opponents. The book covers contemporary digital discourses of e-religiosity in a sense of screenscapes that often found pivot indaily discussions across social media platforms. Screenscapes are considered as mediated technologies when contents can be accessed from different social media apps to construct or deconstruct their views, narratives, discourses, ideas, emotions, and perceptions around religious images in day-to-day activities, practices, rituals, customs, traditions, faiths and beliefs. The used illustrations exclusively map Indian religious gestures, identities, values, and rituals in digital-spatial contexts. The book discusses seven major questions and argues the same across the chapters in varied representations and interpretations: How and to what extent has the meaning of religiosity changed in the digital age? What are the dimensions of e-religiosity in India? How are digital devices (re)shaping religiosity in terms of e-religiosity? How and to what extent digital devices are negotiating with social and cultural lives? What is digital spatiality? How and to what extent does social media influence religiosity?

This book sheds new light on the remote sensing of agriculture in South/Southeast Asian (S/SEA) countries. S/SEA countries are growing rapidly in terms of population, industrialization, and urbanization. One of the critical challenges in the region is food security. In S/SEA, although total food production and productivity have increased in previous decades, in recent years, the growth rate of food production has slowed down, mostly due to land use change, market forces and policy interventions. Further, the weather and climate systems in the region driven primarily by monsoon variability are resulting in droughts or flooding, impacting agricultural production. Therefore, monitoring crops, including agricultural land cover changes at regular intervals, is essential to predict and prepare for disruptions in the food supply in the S/SEA countries. The current book captures the latest research on the remote sensing of agricultural land cover/ land use changes, including mapping and monitoring crops, crop yields, biophysical parameter retrievals, multi-source data fusion for agricultural applications, and chapters on decision making and early warning systems for food security. The authors of this book are international experts in the field, and their contributions highlight the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies for agricultural research and applications in South/Southeast Asia.

This contributed volume presents relevant examples of socio-environmental research that highlight the challenges and opportunities of using geotechnologies in interdisciplinary settings across the vast, culturally, and environmentally mega-diverse region known as Latin America. While remote sensing has been mostly used for mapping and monitoring physical features, geographic information systems open up opportunities for the integration of socio-economic and environmental data collected through individual and community-based surveys, in-situ measurements, and other participatory research techniques to offer additional analytically grounded power when evaluating socio-environmental processes that shape Latin American landscapes. The topics addressed in this book include deforestation and land degradation, borderlands dynamics, agriculture and agroecological systems, environmental conservation and development, public health, tourism, environmental justice, archeology, volunteered geography and urban planning, among others. The book is intended for academics, graduate and undergraduate classrooms, and general audiences with interest in Latin America and the socio-environmental issues that threaten the sustainability of the region and local communities. The book will also appeal to practitioners, managers, and policy makers interested in the application of geo-technologies and field-based research to address complex socio-environmental problems in the Global South.

Over the last thirty years or so, there have been tremendous advancements in the area of geospatial health; however, somehow, two aspects have not received as much attention as they should have received. These are a) limitations of different spatial analytical tools and b) progress in making geospatial environmental exposure data available for advanced health science research and for medical practice. This edited volume addresses those two less explored areas of geospatial health with augmented discussions on the theories, methodologies and limitations of contemporary geospatial technologies in a wide range of applications related to human well-being and health. In 20 chapters, readers are presented with an up-to-date assessment of geospatial technologies with an emphasis on understanding general geospatial principles and methodologies that are often overlooked in the research literature. As a result, this book will be of interest to both newcomers and experts in geospatial analysis and will appeal to students and researchers engaged in studying human well-being and health. Chapters are presenting new concepts, new analytical methods and contemporary applications within the framework of geospatial applications in human well-being and health. The topics addressed by the various chapter authors include analytical approaches, newer areas of geospatial health application, introduction to unique resources, geospatial modeling, and environmental pollution assessments for air, water and soil.Although geospatial experts are expected to be the primary readers, this book is designed in such a way so that the public health professionals, environmental health scientists and clinicians also find it useful with or without any familiarity with geospatial analysis.

Your government warns that 10% of your neighbors have a deadly contagious virus. The producer of a diagnostic test advertises that 90% of its tests are correct for any population. The test indicates that you have the virus. This book's author claims your test has a 50% chance of being false, given your test's result. Who do you believe? This book gives you insights necessary to interpret metrics that make a difference in life's decisions.This book gives methods and software that are essential to analyze change and error. Change describes a phenomenon across time points. Error compares diagnoses with the truth. Other texts give insufficient attention to these topics. This book's novel ideas dispel popular misconceptions and replace previous methods. The author uses carefully designed graphics and high school mathematics to communicate easily with college students and advanced scientists. Applications include but are not limited to Remote Sensing, Land Change Science, and Geographic Information Science."e;A wide range of tools to aid understanding of land cover and its change has been used but scientific progress has sometimes been limited through misuse and misunderstanding. Professor Pontius seeks to rectify this situation by providing a book to accompany the researcher's toolbox. Metrics That Make a Difference addresses basic issues of relevance to a broad community in a mathematically friendly way and should greatly enhance the ability to elicit correct information. I wish this book existed while I was a grad student."e; - Giles Foody, Professor of Geographical Information Science, The University of Nottingham"e;Metrics That Make a Difference provides a comprehensive synthesis of over two decades of work during which Dr. Pontius researched, developed, and applied these metrics. The book meticulously and successfully guides the reader through the conceptual basis, computations, and proper interpretation of the many metrics derived for different types of variables. The book is not just a mathematical treatise but includes practical guidance to good data analysis and good science. Data scientists from many fields of endeavor will benefit substantially from Dr. Pontius' articulate review of traditionally used metrics and his presentation of the innovative and novel metrics he has developed. While reading this book, I had multiple 'aha' moments about metrics that I shouldn't be using and metrics that I should be using instead."e; - Stephen Stehman, Distinguished Teaching Professor, State University of New York

The first volume of this comprehensive global prospective on Integrated Drought Management is focused on understanding drought, causes, and the assessment of drought impacts. It explains different types of drought: agricultural, meteorological, hydrological, and socio-economic droughts, their indices and the impact of climate change on drought.

Based on the success of the previous four editions, this new edition includes Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the title, which is part of GPS. The book introduces the concepts needed to understand and use GPS and GNSS, offering a rare combination of knowledge and skills that every land surveyor needs to master.

This book provides compelling new insights into how cities are attempting to address sustainability challenges via major applications of geospatial technology in an urban area.

In today's world, organizations face a multitude of problems that require an unprecedented need for tools to share information and work better together. In Working Beyond Borders: GIS for Geospatial Collaboration, see how government, industries, and others, are using location intelligence and GIS to interconnect people across jurisdictions and sectors, to respond to some of our most critical issues, such as climate change, sustainable development, racial equity, emergency management, conservation, and public health and safety.Readers will also see how organizations are integrating geospatial infrastructure to improve efficiency, drive innovation, and empower every day decision-making in communities around the world.Edited by Dr. Jill Saligoe-Simmel and Maria JordanApplying GIS The Applying GIS series explains how to become a spatial thinker with ideas and strategies for building location intelligence into your profession, industry, or discipline. Each book is divided into relevant topic areas that include real-life case studies that will inspire new ways to solve complex problems.

Discover The Geographic Approach to help restore, preserve, and protect the environment.Finding a Sustainable Balance: GIS for Environmental Management explores a collection of real-life stories about how environmental and natural resource management organizations successfully use geographic information systems (GIS) to monitor environmental assets in real time, to track environmental assets, and to prevent environmental hazards from becoming disasters.The book also includes a section on next steps that provides helpful ideas, strategies, tools, and actions to help jump-start your use of GIS for environmental management. A collection of online resources also complements this book.Edited by Sunny Fleming, Esri's industry lead for the domains of environment, conservation, and natural resources, and Matt Artz, an Esri content strategist.Applying GISThe Applying GIS series explains how to become a spatial thinker with ideas and strategies for building location intelligence into your profession, industry, or discipline. Each pocket-size book is divided into relevant topic areas that include a set of case studies and a road map for getting started with GIS.

Top 20 Essential Skills for ArcGIS® Pro introduces the most important skills you need to get up and running with geographic information systems (GIS).With its location data advantage, geographic information system (GIS) software is a tool to help with key projects, decisions, and problems. But how do you start using GIS in your projects? If you need a fast track to using this valuable tool, learn and get experience with Top 20 Essential Skills for ArcGIS Pro. With this book, you can start using ArcGIS Pro quickly and successfully.Easy to understand, step-by-step exercisesConversational, upbeat language with lots of illustrations and tipsInteresting user stories covering how GIS is applied in many situationsExercises for working with spatial data, creating maps, and doing basic analysisThis handy resource with easy to follow, how-to steps will help you build your skill set to become adept at understanding and using ArcGIS Pro.Bonnie Shrewsbury, MA, GISP, is the GIS manager for the City of Manhattan Beach, California. She has more than 26 years of experience in GIS, including 16 years of coteaching a GIS course with her coauthor at the University of Southern California (USC) for graduate-level planning and public policy students.Barry Waite has almost 40 years of local government experience as an administrator and city planner. He has a master's degree in public administration from the University of Southern California where he teaches GIS with Bonnie. He is also a city council member for the City of Lomita, California.

Discover the geographic approach to enabling science for a more exceptional planet.Place matters to governments and citizens, and location intelligence and data science have never been more critical for smarter national decision-making. Addressing Earth's Challenges: GIS for Earth Sciences explores a collection of real-life stories about how geoscience, sustainable energy, environmental monitoring, climate science, weather, and marine science organizations successfully use geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and analyze data to streamline workflows, gain competitive insight, drive decision-making, design efficient operations, and foster civic inclusion.The book also includes a section on next steps that provides helpful ideas, strategies, tools, and actions to help jump-start your use of GIS for earth sciences. A collection of online resources, including additional stories, videos, new ideas and concepts, and downloadable tools and content, complements this book.Edited by Lorraine Tighe, director of earth sciences solutions at Esri, and Matt Artz, an Esri content strategist.Applying GISThe Applying GIS series explains how to become a spatial thinker with ideas and strategies for building location intelligence into your profession, industry, or discipline. Each pocket-size book is divided into relevant topic areas that include a set of case studies and a road map for getting started with GIS.

The fundamental guide for police commanders on using crime analysis to lead effectively Effective, actionable crime analysis can empower modern law enforcement agencies, and their commanders, to promote public safety. But how do police commanders use this information to lead their agency strategically? Leading with Data: A Police Commander's Guide to GIS & Crime Analysis shows how to take a geographical approach to analyzing and utilizing police data, allowing commanders to make more efficient and effective decisions. A strong crime analysis and mapping platform can help commanders sift through large amounts of data and other information to discover what matters most in relation to the agency's operational priorities as well as those voiced by local communities.  This book covers how to: Use crime analysis and GIS to provide substantial insight into the causes of a given problem and design the best possible strategies for collaboration and positive outcomes Utilize crime analysts in a productive and impactful way Successfully implement GIS and crime analysis into practice on the job Support crime analysis in an organization Written to be immediately useful for police commanders, whether new to crime analysis or having direct experience in the matter, Leading with Data is a practical reference guide and provides both introductory and complex topics. The primary goals of this book are to expose law enforcement command staff to basic elements and concepts of GIS and crime analysis, and to then build on that exposure by encouraging the ongoing use of the different types of analysis for day-to-day operations as well as other needs, such as strategic planning, crime accountability meetings, or public outreach. Today's policing requires that commanders know how to use crime analysis and data-driven strategies effectively for problem-solving purposes - and this book shows the way.

This classic ArcGIS® exercise book has been revised and streamlined for learning the latest ArcGIS® Pro tools and workflows.GIS Tutorial for ArcGIS Pro 3.1 is the book of choice for classrooms and self-learners seeking to develop their expertise with Esri's premier desktop geographic information system (GIS) technology-no prior experience is necessary.This fifth edition, revised to ArcGIS Pro 3.1, features new datasets, exercises, and instructional text guiding you step by step through the latest tools and workflows. Updated to explain core skills through progressive learning, the book's examples use current, real-world scenarios as you learn to make maps and find, create, and analyze spatial data while using ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS Online.Downloadable video lectures and teaching slides that complement this book are also available.Wilpen L. Gorr is emeritus professor of public policy and management information systems at the School of Public Policy and Management, H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, where he taught and researched GIS applications. He was also chairman of the school's Master of Science in Public Policy and Management program and editor of the International Journal of Forecasting.Kristen S. Kurland is a Teaching Professor of Architecture, Information Systems, and Public Policy at the H. John Heinz III College and School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University, where she teaches GIS, building information modeling, computer-aided design, 3D visualization, infrastructure management, and enterprise data analytics.

Combines a comprehensive examination of human geography with engaging activities using the ArcGIS Online service. Why are birth rates higher in one country than another. Are there patterns? Are there correlations? This book presents sophisticated software to actively explore, analyse, and answer these questions and many more.

Spatial statistics empower you to go beyond visual analysis to answer questions confidently and make data-driven decisions.Spatial Statistics Illustrated is an introductory book for learning the concepts behind the powerful spatial statistics tools in ArcGIS.With approachable explanations and uncomplicated drawings, Spatial Statistics Illustrated gives readers an accessible understanding of some of the most widely used spatial statistics methods, including how they work and when to use them. In a friendly, conversational tone, the authors share techniques that can help you explore your data in meaningful ways; quantify patterns and relationships; understand trends, and make informed, impactful decisions. This book is a perfect complement to more traditional, technical statistics and spatial statistics texts. From seasoned data scientists looking to explore the value that spatial thinking brings to the GIS analyst looking to expand into spatial statistics, this book has something for everyone.Dr. Lauren Bennett leads the Spatial Analysis and Data Science product engineering team at Esri. Lauren received a BA in Geography from McGill University, an MS in Geographic and Cartographic Science from George Mason University, and her PhD in Information Systems and Technology from Claremont Graduate University.Flora Vale is a product engineer on Esri's Spatial Analysis and Data Science team. In addition to building software, Flora loves teaching analytical methods through conceptual illustrations. Flora studied Geography and GIS at University of Maryland, and is currently pursuing a PhD in Information Systems and Technology at Claremont Graduate University.

This two-volume set highlights the importance of Iberian shipbuilding in the centuries of the so-called first globalization (15th to 18th), in confluence with an unprecedented extension of ocean navigation and seafaring and a greater demand for natural resources (especially timber), mostly oak (Quercus spp.) and Pine (Pinus spp.). The chapters are framed in a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary line of research that integrates history, Geographic Information Sciences, underwater archaeology, dendrochronology and wood provenance techniques. This line of research was developed during the ForSEAdiscovery project, which had a great impact in the academic and scientific world and brought together experts from Europe and America. The volumes deliver a state-of-the-art review of the latest lines of research related to Iberian maritime history and archaeology and their developing interdisciplinary interaction with dendroarchaeology. This synthesis combines an analysis of historical sources, the systematic study of wreck-remains and material culture related to Iberian seafaring from the 15th to the 18th centuries, and the application of earth sciences, including dendrochronology. The set can be used as a manual or work guide for experts and students, and will also be an interesting read for non-experts interested in the subject. Volume 2 focuses on approaches to the study of shipwrecks including a synthesis of dendro-archaeological results, current interdisciplinary case studies and the specialist study of artillery and anchors.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of geographic information systems and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies, as presented by leading researchers and engineers at the 2nd International Conference on Unmanned Aerial System in Geomatics (UASG), held in Roorkee, India on April 2-4, 2021. It covers highly diverse topics, including photogrammetry and remote sensing, surveying, UAV manufacturing, geospatial data sensing, UAV processing, visualization, and management, UAV applications and regulations, geo-informatics and geomatics. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This textbook introduces physical geodesy. It treats the boundary-value theories of the discipline comprehensively, and provides insights to the theory of gravity reduction based on a spherical Earth model. This book is for students who wish to thoroughly understand the material and to expand their knowledge and skills in mathematics for more advanced study and research in this discipline. The details of mathematical derivations included are a useful asset for instructors and researchers.

This book addresses the problems of mathematical relations between global and classical coordinate references from the practical applications point of view. It presents a large cartographic and numerical information set, which provides great values for practical and academical use based on the classical Albanian coordinative reference (ALB1986/ALB1987). This information is reflected from the positional point of view in the new modern Albanian satellite reference ALBPOS (Albanian Positioning System) or ALBCORS (Albanian Continuous Operation Reference Stations System). The main purpose of this Monograph is to summarize coordinative references applied in Albania in different periods, both classical and modern. Relevant transformation models between traditional/classical reference ALB1986 / ALB1987 and GNSS satellite reference are presented. The book furthermore recommends the mathematical models of the relationship in plan and height, between the Albanian classical reference and the global/European coordinate references (ITRF, EUREF). It serves to professionals involved in fundamental geodetic works as well as all working with GNSS or developing GIS applications.