Geografiske informationssystemer (GIS) og fjernanalyse

The book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book highlights the development of river systems, water reservoirs, ecosystems and risks as well as the impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asian countries and Afghanistan. It provides information on the genesis of river basins, physical and chemical properties of water in rivers, and the hydrological regimes of the rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book is useful for scientists and researchers whose work focuses on rivers and the use of water resources, irrigation, ecosystems, risks, water supply, climate change and remote sensing, as well as for students and planners, administrations and other stakeholders in the water sector.

This volume collects and presents the fundamentals, tools, and processes of utilizing geospatial information technologies to process remotely sensed data for use in agricultural monitoring and management. The issues related to handling digital agro-geoinformation, such as collecting (including field visits and remote sensing), processing, storing, archiving, preservation, retrieving, transmitting, accessing, visualization, analyzing, synthesizing, presenting, and disseminating agro-geoinformation have never before been systematically documented in one volume. The book is edited by International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics organizers Dr. Liping Di (George Mason University), who coined the term "Agro-Geoinformatics" in 2012, and Dr. Berk Üstündag (Istanbul Technical University) and are uniquely positioned to curate and edit this foundational text.The book is composed of eighteen chapters that can each stand alone but also build on each other to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of agro-geoinformatics and what the tools and processes that compose the field can accomplish. Topics covered include land parcel identification, image processing in agricultural observation systems, databasing and managing agricultural data, crop status monitoring, moisture and evapotranspiration assessment, flood damage monitoring, agricultural decision support systems and more.

Volcanoes have terrified and, at the same time, fascinated civilizations for thousands of years. Many aspects of volcanoes, most notably the eruptive processes and the compositional variations of magma, have been widely investigated for several decades and today constitute the core of any volcanology textbook. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, boosted by the availability of volcano monitoring data, there has been an increasing interest in the pre-eruptive processes related to the shallow accumulation and to the transfer of magma approaching the surface, as well as in the resulting structure of volcanoes. These are innovative and essential aspects of modern volcanology and, as driving volcanic unrest, their understanding also improves hazard assessment and eruption forecasting. So far, the significant progress made in unravelling these volcano-tectonic processes has not been supported by a comprehensive overview.This monograph aims at filling this gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized into three sections (¿Fundamentals¿, ¿Magma migration towards the surface¿ and ¿The regional perspective¿), consisting of thirteen chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate hazard and forecast eruption.The potential readership includes any academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics, geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.

VALUING PLACE AND PURPOSE GIS FOR LAND ADMINISTRATION Improve land records, property valuation, sustainable development, and social stability. Location intelligence is changing the way land administration works to protect and maintain appropriate land use and achieve better economic, environmental, and social benefits. The real-life stories in Valuing Place and Purpose: GIS for Land Administration show how communities, government agencies, nonprofits, and other organizations implement geographic information systems (GIS) in four key areas:      · Visualizing parcels and property      · Managing land use      · Strengthening climate and conservation efforts      · Addressing land rights, equity, and social justice The book also includes a special section to help you get started using web apps, online maps, dashboards, and other GIS solutions to represent and understand the value of land and property and efficiently manage, edit, and share land parcel data more accurately. Edited by Brent Jones, director of land administration industry solutions at Esri, and Keith Mann, Esri Press. APPLYING GIS The Applying GIS series explains how to become a spatial thinker, with ideas and strategies for building location intelligence into your profession, industry, or discipline. Each book is divided into relevant topic areas that include a set of case studies and suggestions for getting started with GIS.

Now that the health community is in a state of reflection, how do we put the lessons learned into practice?As we step back to examine the worldwide response to the COVID-19 pandemic, now is the time to think about how to raise the bar for our response to the next public health emergency. Now is the time to revisit health preparedness strategies and plans. And now is the time to review what the health community did that worked-and how we can do that again.Learning from COVID-19: GIS for Pandemics tells real-life stories about how spatial thinking became invaluable in both local and full-scale outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic.Needing to answer the question of "e;where"e; sat at the forefront of everyone's mind, and using a geographic information system (GIS) for real-time surveillance transformed possibly overwhelming data into location intelligence that provided agencies and civic leaders with valuable insights.Co-edited by Esri chief medical officer Dr. Este Geraghty, this book highlights best practices, key GIS capabilities, and lessons learned during the COVID-19 response that can help communities prepare for the next crisis. GIS has empowered:Organizations to use human mobility data to estimate the adherence to social distancing guidelinesCommunities to monitor their health care systems' capacity through spatially enabled surge toolsGovernments to use location-allocation methods to site new resources (i.e., testing sites and augmented care sites) in ways that account for at-risk and vulnerable populationsCommunities to use maps and spatial analysis to review case trends at local levels to support reopening of economiesOrganizations to think spatially as they consider "e;back-to-the-workplace"e; plans that account for physical distancing and employee safety needsLearning from COVID-19 also includes a "e;next steps"e; section that provides ideas, strategies, tools, and actions to help jump-start your own use of GIS, either as a citizen scientist or a health professional. A collection of online resources, including additional stories, videos, new ideas and concepts, and downloadable tools and content, complements this book.Now is the time to use science and data to make informed decisions for our future, and this book shows us how we can do it.

Switching to ArcGIS Pro from ArcMap is an invaluable resource for those looking to migrate from ArcMap to ArcGIS Pro. Rather than teach Pro from the start, this book focuses on the difference between Pro and ArcMap for a more rapid adjustment to common workflows.

Measuring Up: The Business Case for GIS, Volume 3  is a collection of all updated, real-world stories from government agencies that have successfully used GIS technology to meet business goals. Chapters focus on how implementing automated GIS workflow and resource management solutions helps organizations save time and money, increase accuracy and efficiency, and maximize productivity and revenue. The articles in this collection illustrate how GIS is being utilized to implement new, more efficient business processes and show how these emerging practices have improved communities and organizations

This edited book summarizes numerous research studies on remote sensing and GIS of natural resource management for the Himalaya region done by Indian Institutions and Universities over the last decade. It gives an overview of hydrometeorological studies on Himalayan water resources and addresses concerns in the development of water resources in this region, which is dealing with an increased pressure in population, industrialization and economic development. While the source of some of the major rivers of India are found in the Himalayas, the glaciers and water bodies in the region are continuously shrinking leading to a depletion of water and deterioration of water quality. This is affecting a population of up to 2.5 billion people. The ecosystems have been under threat due to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, expansion of agriculture and settlement, overexploitation of natural resources, habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, mining, construction of roads and large dams, and unplanned tourism. Spaceborne remote sensing with its ability to provide synoptic and repetitive coverage has emerged as a powerful tool for assessment and monitoring of the Himalayan resources and phenomena. This work serves as a resource to students, researchers, scientists, professionals, and policy makers both in India and on a global level. 

Every amateur astronomer has at least heard of the many different catalogs of deep-sky objects; the most well known are the Messier, the Caldwell, the Herschel, and the NGC.  All of these catalogs are, in general, readily available, but very few amateur observers are in a position to choose the best catalog for their particular deep-sky observing program, know how to use the catalog, or even realize just how many there are out there!The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Deep-sky Catalogs is a single compilation of the historical and modern astronomical deep-sky catalogs. It discusses their origins, compares what's in them, explains how to interpret the data they contain, and even outlines how readers can create suitable 'custom' catalogs for their own use. The last section provides a set of three deep-sky catalogs created by the author, for observers of different levels of experience, from newcomer to expert.

COSIT,theseriesofConferencesonSpatialInformationTheory,hasbeenaround for more than ten years. Its hallmarks are a fruitful interdisciplinary dialogue between computational and human perspectives on spatio-temporal information and a thorough review process that selects the best papers while giving all - thors detailed feedback on how to develop their work. A clear pro?le of the COSIT community has emerged from the series of conference proceedings, all published as Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, and from the per- nent web site at http://www. cosit. info, containing links to the conference web sites and proceedings, a history and program of the series, an impact study, interviews with participants, and pictures. The proceedings of this sixth conference provide ample evidence that COSIT is healthy and maturing, while retaining its youth. Out of the 61 submissions, the program committee selected 26 papers for presentation, in discussions based on at least three double-blind reviews and one or more meta-review from PC members for each paper. Classical COSIT themes, such as spatial reasoning (about distances and directions, regions and shapes) or vagueness are being f- ther re?ned; topics like way?nding and landmarks are boosted by new synergies betweencognitiveandcomputationalapproaches;andthestudyofontologiesfor space and time, a subject since the ?rst COSIT, is gaining more depth.

Ohne die Geowissenschaften ware die technische Entwicklung der Menschheit nicht dort, wo sie heute steht. In Zukunft wird es darauf ankommen, die Umwelt so schonend wie moglich zu nutzen, ohne die Lebensgrundlagen Wasser, Boden und Luft zu ubernutzen. Auch zu diesen Problemen leisten Geowissenschaftler grundlegende Beitrage.Ausgehend von Uberlegungen, wohin sich die zukunftige Umweltforschung orientieren wird, geben die Beitrage des Bandes aktuelle Einschatzungen uber den momentanen Stand ausgewahlter Forschungsrichtungen im geowissenschaftlichen Umweltbereich. Dabei geht es aber auch immer um den zukunftigen Zustand und darum, was die Forschung zur Verbesserung beitragen kann - in der Klimaforschung, in der Bodenforschung, in der Forschung zur Wasserversorgung und zum Umweltzustand, aber auch in der Forschung zur besseren Ausnutzung der irdischen Rohstoffe.

The Conference on Spatial Information Theory - COSIT - grew out of a series of workshops / NATO Advanced Study Institutes / NSF specialist meetings concerned with cognitive and applied aspects of representing large-scale space, particularly geographic space. In these meetings, the need for a well-founded theory of spatial information processing was identified. The COSIT conference series was established in 1993 as a biennial interdisciplinary European conference on the representation and processing of information about large-scale space, after a successful international conference on the topic had been organized by Andrew Frank et al. in Pisa, Italy, in 1992 (frequently referred to as 'COSIT zero'). After two successful European conferences with strong North-American participation (COSIT '93, held on the Island of Elba, Italy; COSIT '95, held in Semmering, Austria), the conference became a truly international enterprise when COSIT '97 was held in the Laurel Highlands, Pennsylvania, USA. COSIT '99 will take place in Stade, Germany. All aspects of large-scale space, i. e. spaces too large to be seen from a single vantage point, are addressed in the COSIT conferences. These include spaces of geographic scale, as well as smaller spaces in which humans, animals, or autonomous robots have to find their way around. Spatial information theory also deals with the description of objects, processes, or events in spatial environments and it forms the foundation for the construction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and for spatial information and communication system design in general.

Auch uber 50 Jahre nach dem Ende des 2. Weltkriegs sind ganze Landstriche noch immer durch Hinterlassenschaften der damaligen Rustungsindustrie belastet. Selbst aus der Zeit des 1. Weltkriegs gibt es noch rustungsbedingte Boden- und Grundwasserkontaminationen. Hinzu kommen die militarischen Altlasten der ehemals von der sowjetischen Armee beanspruchten Flachen in den neuen Bundeslandern. Der Inhalt dieses Buches reicht von der Erkundung uber die Probenahme bis hin zur Sanierung von Rustungsaltlasten, wobei u.a. auch Aspekte des Qualitatsmanagements und Umwelt-Audits im militarischen Bereich angesprochen werden.

Dieses Lehrbuch aus der Reihe "Grundlagen der Physikalischen und Mathematischen Geodäsie" behandelt die für die Physikalische Geodäsie wichtigen Elemente der Potentialtheorie. Es führt in die feldtheoretischen Aspekte des Gravitationsfeldes ein und erklärt die wichtigen Grundlagen für die Lösung der geodätischen Randwertaufgaben. Der Autor erläutert ausführlich die Darstellung der verschiedenen Gravitationsfeldfunktionale durch Kugelfunktionen sowie die Transformationseigenschaften bei Translation und Drehung des zugrundeliegenden Koordinatensystems. Verschiedene Aspekte der Kugelfunktionen werden außerdem vertieft betrachtet, insbesondere die Darstellungen von Gravitationsfeldwechselwirkungen ausgedehnter Massenanordnungen, also Drehmomente, Gravitationstensor, Gezeitenpotential und vieles mehr.

Im Zuge der einsetzenden Mobilitätstransformation insbesondere in den Städten und Ballungsräumen zeigt sich heute ein notwendiges Zusammenwirken verschiedener Fachdomänen, um den dynamischen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen in Verkehr und Mobilität zu begegnen. Raumbezogene Informationen und die Geoinformatik haben sich dabei in den letzten Jahren als Schlüsseltechnologie im Mobilitätmanagement und der Verkehrsplanung etabliert.Moderne Verkehrsplanung und intermodales Mobilitätsmanagement wird heute mehr denn je stark interdisziplinär und vor allem "in der Fläche" gedacht. Sei es die "Reorganisation des Verkehrsraumes", die "Errichtung multimodaler Mobilitätsknoten", die "Bewertung der Lebensqualität durch Humansensorik" oder die bevorstehende Integration von autonomen Fahrzeugen in unser Mobilitätssystem: Diesen Themen liegen alle moderne Datenerfassungsmethoden, differenzierte räumliche Informationen und Analysemethoden aus der Geoinformatik zugrunde.Das Werk gliedert sich in zwei Teile. Im Grundlagenteil erfolgt zunächst ein allgemeiner Überblick zur Rolle von Geo-IT in Verkehrsplanung und Mobilitätsmanagement. Es werden Grundlagen zu multimodalen Graphen, allgemeinen Netzwerk- und Datengrundlagen behandelt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Graphenintegrations-Plattform (GIP) und der OpenStreetMap (OSM). Betrachtet werden darüber hinaus Datenquellen aus klassischen Verkehrserhebung aber auch neue Quellen aus der (Human-)Sensorik und Social-Media-Kanälen. Gleich mehrere Abschnitte werden den räumlichen Analysemethoden in Netzwerken, aber auch z. B. Potenzial und Standortanalysen in der Fläche gewidmet. Abgerundet wird dieser Teil durch Themen wie Modellierung und Simulation sowie Visualisierung.Der Praxisteil beschäftigt sich u. a. mit folgenden Themen: Stadt der Zukunft Smart Mobility Verkehrsmanagement; Umweltverbünde als multimodale Systeme; Reorganisation des Straßenraumes; aktive Mobilität im Kontext der Gesundheitsvorsorge; Begegnungszonen; Sharing-Konzepte und deren Potenziale; autonomes Fahren.AutorInnen aus Forschungseinrichtungen, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung der gesamten DACH-Region tragen zu diesem Fachbuch "Geo-IT in Mobilität und Verkehr" bei.

This book contains a collection of papers discussing questions related to space and movement in the framework of computational archaeology, landscape archaeology, historical geography and archaeological theory. The contributions, written by recognized experts in the field, show how the study of settlements pattern and movement has been dramatically transformed by the use of technology like Geographic Information System (GIS). The papers focus on the ways to approach past movement using GIS in archaeological landscape studies: theoretical, technical and interpretative issues are addressed and explored. They provide the state of the art in theory and methodology and show, by using case studies, the potential of the developed approaches for the understanding of factors and effects of landscape formation and transformation in the long term.

This book documents research conducted on the analysis of urban growth and sprawl by using remote sensing data and GIS techniques. The research was conducted between 1980-2010 in the city of Kolkata, India. The aim of the research was to use metrics that were less demanding in terms of data and computation than normal metrics. However, it has been found that most of them were inferior in capturing insights of urban sprawl. For this book, some of these metrics have therefore been modified and new ones are proposed. The research focuses on problems associated with the analysis of urban growth by using remote sensing data from a technological perspective.

Remote sensing has witnessed a renaissance as new sensor systems, data collection capabilities and image processing methodologies have expanded the technological capabilities of this science into new and important applications areas. Perhaps nowhere has this trend been more evident than in the study of earth environments. Within this broad application area remote sensing has proven to be an invaluable asset supporting timely data gathering at a range of synoptic scales, facilitating the mapping of complex landscapes and promoting the analysis of environmental process. Yet remote sensing's contribution to the study of human/environmental interaction is scattered throughout a rich and diverse literature spanning the social and physical sciences, which frustrates access to, and the sharing of the knowledge gained through, these recent advances, and inhibits the operational use of these methods and techniques in day to day environmental practice, a recognized gap that reduces the effectiveness of environmental management programs. The objective of this book is to address this gap and provide the synthesis of method and application that is currently missing in the environmental science, re-introducing remote sensing as an important decision-support technology.As hyperspectral sensors, soft image classification strategies, nano- satellites, sensor webs and a myriad of other exciting technologies emerge from the research laboratories, a need exists to assemble the relevant principles, methods and proven applications into a focused discussion centered on environmental problem solving. In many ways, placing remote sensing more clearly into a problem-specific context moves us beyond the traditions commonly found in introductory textbooks and demonstrates the benefits that can be derived from this dynamic information technology.This book expands on the material that would be the subject matter common to an introductory textbook in remote sensing by offering a more directed focus complemented by the theory and methods germane to the analysis and assessment of environment qualities and process.

Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is about detecting and describing patterns, trends, and relations in data, motivated by certain purposes of investigation. As something relevant is detected in data, new questions arise, causing specific parts to be viewed in more detail. So EDA has a significant appeal: it involves hypothesis generation rather than mere hypothesis testing.The authors describe in detail and systemize approaches, techniques, and methods for exploring spatial and temporal data in particular. They start by developing a general view of data structures and characteristics and then build on top of this a general task typology, distinguishing between elementary and synoptic tasks. This typology is then applied to the description of existing approaches and technologies, resulting not just in recommendations for choosing methods but in a set of generic procedures for data exploration. Professionals practicing analysis will profit from tested solutions - illustrated in many examples - for reuse in the catalogue of techniques presented. Students and researchers will appreciate the detailed description and classification of exploration techniques, which are not limited to spatial data only. In addition, the general principles and approaches described will be useful for designers of new methods for EDA.