Etiske og sociale aspekter ved IT

Primitive software chatbots emerged in the 1960s, evolving swiftly through the decades and becoming able to provide engaging human-to-computer interactions sometime in the 1990s. Today, conversational technology is ubiquitous in many homes. Paired with web-searching abilities and neural networking, modern chatbots are capable of many tasks and are a major driving force behind machine learning and the quest for strong artificial intelligence, also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI).Sophisticated artificial intelligence is changing the online world as advanced software chatbots can provide customer service, research duties, and assist in healthcare. Modern chatbots have indeed numerous applications ¿ including those of a malicious nature. They can write our essays, conduct autonomous scams, and potentially influence politics.The Book of Chatbots is both a retrospective and a review of current artificial intelligence-driven conversational solutions. It explores their appeal to businesses and individuals as well as their greater social aspects, including the impact on academia. The book explains all relevant concepts for readers with no previous knowledge in these topics. Unearthing the secrets of virtual assistants such as the (in)famous ChatGPT and many other exciting technologies, The Book of Chatbots is meant for anyone interested in the topic, laypeople and IT-enthusiasts alike.

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-ND licence This book pulls back the curtain on the link between activism, media and technology in the quiet times of politics when people are not protesting. Introducing the novel concept of the 'data stream', it explores the intricate ways in which activists interact daily with various types of data and how they navigate the impact of digitalization and datafication on today's grassroots politics. Through rich, empirical data from Greece, Spain and Italy, Activists in the Data Stream makes a nuanced contribution to our understanding of activists' daily political engagement in an ever-changing media and political landscape.

Wenn Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) Texte generieren kann, was sagt das darüber, was ein Text ist? Worin unterscheiden sich von Menschen geschriebene und mittels KI generierte Texte? Welche Erwartungen, Befürchtungen und Hoffnungen hegen Wissenschaften, wenn in ihren Diskursen KI-generierte Texte rezipiert werden und Anerkennung finden, deren Urheberschaft und Originalität nicht mehr eindeutig definierbar sind? Wie verändert sich die Arbeit mit Quellen und welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus für die Kriterien wissenschaftlicher Textarbeit und das Verständnis von Wissenschaft insgesamt? Welche Chancen, Grenzen und Risiken besitzen KI-Textgeneratoren aus Sicht von Technikethik und Technikfolgenabschätzung? Und welche Kriterien sind für einen ethisch bewussten Umgang mit KI-Textgeneratoren im Bildungskontext anzulegen? Diese und ähnliche Fragen verdeutlichen die Komplexität und Tragweite der Herausforderung, die der stetig wachsende und zunehmend selbstverständliche Einsatz von KI-Textgeneratoren für das zukünftige Arbeiten mit und an Texten mit sich bringt. Hierbei kristallisieren sich Problematiken heraus, die sich an ein breites Spektrum von Disziplinen wenden, deren spezifischen Diskurse in diesem Band beleuchtet werden. Der Tagungsband geht zurück auf die im August 2023 gehaltene Tagung KI - Text und Geltung. Wie verändern KI-Textgeneratoren wissenschaftliche Diskurse? Einen Zusammenschnitt der Tagung finden Sie hier: https://zevedi.de/themen/ki-text#video-ger (optional mit englischem Untertitel).

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 28th International Workshop on Security Protocols, held in Cambridge, UK, during March 27¿28, 2023.Thirteen papers out of 23 submissions were selected for publication in this book, presented together with the respective transcripts of discussions. The theme of this year's workshop was ¿Humans in security protocols ¿ are we learning from mistakes?¿The topics covered are securing the human endpoint and proving humans correct.

Bogens primære formål er at argumentere for, at vi må få mennesker og det analoge liv med ind i den digitale verden, hvis vi i fremtiden skal have meningsfulde liv og et sammenhængende samfund. Kløften mellem det analoge og det digitale liv bliver stadig større, og de negative konsekvenser er kun alt for tydelige i vores verden. Bogen tydeliggør, at når noget digitaliseres, forsvinder det analoge – hvis vi ikke passer på. Bogen beskriver, hvorfor mennesker har et dybtfølt behov for aktiviteter, der præsenterer en levende, tredimensionel oplevelse, der involverer vores krop og alle sanser i samspil med andre mennesker, ting og begivenheder. Menneskers liv i den analoge verden er uerstatteligt. Brug det, eller du mister det! Bogen vil være et vigtigt indlæg i den samfundsmæssige debat, og den vil kunne læses af både alment interesserede, forældre og af professionelle. Uddrag af bogen Meningen med det analoge liv er at kunne afprøve mulighederne – udfolde sit menneskelige potentiale. Det er ofte de små ting i den analoge verden, som skaber betydning. Det gode analoge liv bygger på en evne til at virkeliggøre de muligheder, mennesket er bærer af. I den analoge verden oplever vi glæden. Når vi deler glæder og tanker med andre, bliver vi klogere på os selv og på verden. Om forfatteren Kaj Struve (f. 1950) har arbejdet med rådgivning og vejledning af personale og forældre i folkeskolen i 30 år. Forfatter til 17 fagbøger, to ungdomsromaner samt artikler i fagblade og tidsskrifter.

"Sheds light on how facial recognition technology (FRT) has been developed, used by public authorities, and regulated in jurisdictions across five continents. Offers distinct perspectives from diverse authors across different legal systems, arguing that new rules, frameworks, and approaches are necessary to prevent harms of FRT in the modern state"--

NFTs cause excitement and skepticism. How much value can a token hold? What drives this value?To properly appreciate NFTs we must first understand what they actually are, how they work and in what contexts they are used.The Everything Token is an essential primer on NFTs (non-fungible tokens), explaining their use, purpose, and how businesses can create and exploit them to develop new product lines, building customer loyalty and increased revenues at the same time.Together the authors have spent much of the past few years embedded in NFT communities and helping launch NFT products. As self-described beta testers of this brand-new technology, they've seen its power first-hand and aim to educate others on the importance, uses and purpose of NFT and surrounding, ever-evolving technologies.Demystifying the complexities, two experts in NFTs show why we should take NFTs much more seriously than their reputation as fun digital art collectibles suggest. They have a wider variety of uses than one may realise.Gripping and accessible, this book provides a guide and an insight into what can often be a hard-to-grasp area of technology.

This book shares Chinese scholars¿ philosophical views on artificial intelligence. The discussions range from the foundations of AI¿the Turing test and creation of machine intelligence¿to recent applications of AI, including decisions in games, natural languages, pattern recognition, prediction in economic contexts, autonomous behaviors, and collaborative intelligence, with the examples of AlphaGo, Microsoft¿s Xiao Bing, medical robots, etc. The book¿s closing chapter focuses on Chinese machines and explores questions on the cultural background of artificial intelligence. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for all members of the general public who are interested in the future development of artificial intelligence, especially from the perspective of respected Chinese scholars.

We live in a rapidly changing world, called VUCA, with its unique challenges and opportunities for growth and innovation. To be able to adjust changes and navigate complexities, leaders need to be prepared for the crises and opportunities that await them. That is why this book provides current information on the new leadership skills and the ways for enhancing VUCA readiness of educational leaders. This book is thought to be a comprehensive guide to help today¿s educational leaders thrive in VUCA by addressing the topics such as managing change and complexity, authentic leadership, agility, resilience and digital transformation. Thus, the book addresses all practitioners, leaders and teachers who need a practical guide on how to expand their vision, enhance their skills to lead in constantly changing educational environments.

This edited book discusses the technical considerations, potential opportunities and critical challenges of AI and blockchain in telehealth systems and presents case studies and critical lessons to consider when designing future AI and blockchain-based telehealth systems which have privacy and security in mind.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP TC 9 International Conference on Human Choice and Computers, HCC15 2022, in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2022.The 17 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. Summaries of 2 keynote presentations are also included. The papers deal with the constantly evolving intimate relationship between humans and technology. 

This book explores how smart cities enable new and playful ways for citizens to experience, inhabit and socialise within urban environments. It will be a resource for scholars and researchers of information technology.

An Introduction to Cyberpsychology provides a comprehensive introduction to this rapidly growing discipline. Fully updated in its second edition, the book encourages students to critically evaluate the psychology of online interactions, and to develop appropriate research methodologies to complete their own work in this field.

The book is a collection of cutting-edge research on the topic of explainable agency in artificial intelligence (XAI), including counterfactuals, fairness, human evaluations, and iterative and active communication among agents.

Democratic Frontiers: Algorithms and Society focuses on digital platforms' effects in societies with respect to key areas such as subjectivity and self-reflection, data and measurement for the common good, public health and accessible datasets, activism in social media and the import/export of AI technologies relative to regime type.Digital technologies develop at a much faster pace relative to our systems of governance which are supposed to embody democratic principles that are comparatively timeless, whether rooted in ancient Greek or Enlightenment ideas of freedom, autonomy and citizenship. Algorithms, computing millions of calculations per second, do not pause to reflect on their operations. Developments in the accumulation of vast private datasets that are used to train automated machine learning algorithms pose new challenges for upholding these values. Social media platforms, while the key driver of today's information disorder, also afford new opportunities for organized social activism. The US and China, presumably at opposite ends of an ideological spectrum, are the main exporters of AI technology to both free and totalitarian societies. These are some of the important topics covered by this volume that examines the democratic stakes for societies with the rapid expansion of these technologies.Scholars and students from many backgrounds as well as policy makers, journalists and the general reading public will find a multidisciplinary approach to issues of democratic values and governance encompassing research from Sociology, Digital Humanities, New Media, Psychology, Communication, International Relations and Economics.Chapter 3 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Deep Fakes: Algorithms and Society focuses on the use of artificial intelligence technologies to produce fictitious photorealistic audiovisual clips that are indistinguishable from traditional video media.For over a century, the indexical relationship of the photographic image, and its related media of film and video, to the scene of capture has served as a basis for truth claims. Historically, the iconicity of these images has featured a causal traceback to actual light rays in a particular time and space, which were fixed by chemical reactions or digital sensors to the resultant image. Today, photorealistic audiovisual media can be generated from deep learning networks that sever any connection to an actual event. Should society instantiate new regimes to manage this new challenge to our sense of reality and the traditional evidential capacities of the 'mechanical image'? How do these images generate information disorder while also providing the basis for legitimate tools used in entertainment and creative industries?Scholars and students from many backgrounds, as well as policymakers, journalists and the general reading public, will find a multidisciplinary approach to questions posed by deep fake research from Communication, International Studies, Writing and Rhetoric.

This book sets out to define and consolidate the field of bioinformation studies in its transnational and global dimensions, drawing on debates in science and technology studies, anthropology and sociology. It provides situated analyses of bioinformation journeys across domains and spheres of interpretation. As unprecedented amounts of data relating to biological processes and lives are collected, aggregated, traded and exchanged, infrastructural systems and machine learners produce real consequences as they turn indeterminate data into actionable decisions for states, companies, scientific researchers and consumers. Bioinformation accrues multiple values as it transverses multiple registers and domains, and as it is transformed from bodies to becoming a subject of analysis tied to particular social relations, promises, desires and futures. The volume harnesses the anthropological sensibility for situated, fine-grained, ethnographically grounded analysis to develop an interdisciplinary dialogue on the conceptual, political, social and ethical dimensions posed by bioinformation.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2023, which took place in Budapest, Hungary, during September 5¿7, 2023.The 28 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 106 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Digital government; artificial intelligence, algorithms, and automation; open government and open data; smart cities, regions, and societies; innovation and transformation in government.

This book shows readers a new way of thinking about the engineering design process, as well as how to expand their understanding of the role of technical designers in society, whether working with international communities or user populations from their own hometown. As readers build an understanding of Contextual Engineering, this book will challenge them to think about the applicability of the concept more broadly, not only in terms of technical design but in personal and professional interactions with others as well. At the same time, readers will learn techniques to explore their own predispositions and the biases they may not be aware they have, equipping them to interact with others more impartially. This self-reflection process also assists the designer in working with and accepting the uncertainty that is inherent in exploring context.

Follow step-by-step explanations to understand mathematical models - algebraic and differential equations - of chemical reactors and how numerical models workin computer implementation. Learn the basics behind current user-friendly tools in numerical simulation and optimization of reactor systems (Python, Matlab, Julia and gPROMS). Discover how to select the right algorithm for specific reactor models from homogenous to multiphase systems and structured reactors in detailed discussions at the end of each chapter. In this second edition, 20 solved example simulations performed in MATLAB and Python are included for demonstration purposes.

This interdisciplinary collection rethinks the political economy of the digital market by asking what came before platforms and suggesting what might come after them. By unpacking the concept of 'platform economies' into locally embedded variations of digital markets, the book identifies what is new about contemporary platforms and what is characteristic of wider historical, social and economic currents. The diverse team of authors employ various analytical approaches, including in-depth ethnographic studies, and theoretical and analytical reconceptualizations of platforms and the industries they encompass. Tapping into current themes including the decolonisation of the internet, this book offers a timely assessment of the implications of emerging reconfigurations between technology, information, society and markets.

The concept of smart cities holds environmental promises: that digital technologies will reduce carbon emissions, air pollution and waste, and help address climate change. Drawing on academic scholarship and two case studies from Manchester and Helsinki, this timely and accessible book examines what happens when these promises are broken, as they prioritise technological innovation rather than environmental care. The book reveals that smart cities' vision of sustainable digital future obfuscates the environmental harms and social injustices that digitisation inflicts. The framework of "broken promises", coined by the authors, centres environmental questions in analysing imaginaries and practices of smart cities. This is a must read for anyone interested in the connections between digital technologies and environment justice.