Kompilatorer og fortolkere

To construct a compiler for a modern higher-level programming languagel one needs to structure the translation to a machine-like intermediate language in a way that reflects the semantics of the language. little is said about such struc- turing in compiler texts that are intended to cover a wide variety of program- ming languages. More is said in the Iiterature on semantics-directed compiler construction [1] but here too the viewpoint is very general (though limited to 1 languages with a finite number of syntactic types). On the other handl there is a considerable body of work using the continuation-passing transformation to structure compilers for the specific case of call-by-value languages such as SCHEME and ML [21 3]. ln this paperl we will describe a method of structuring the translation of ALGOL-like languages that is based on the functor-category semantics devel- oped by Reynolds [4] and Oles [51 6]. An alternative approach using category theory to structure compilers is the early work of F. L. Morris [7]1 which anticipates our treatment of boolean expressionsl but does not deal with procedures. 2 Types and Syntax An ALGOL-like language is a typed lambda calculus with an unusual repertoire of primitive types. Throughout most of this paper we assume that the primi- tive types are comm(and) int(eger)exp(ression) int(eger)acc(eptor) int(eger)var(iable) I and that the set 8 of types is the least set containing these primitive types and closed under the binary operation -.

by Luea Cardelli Ever since Strachey's work in the 1960's, polymorphism has been classified into the parametric and overloading varieties. Parametric polymorphism has been the subject of extensive study for over two decades. Overloading, on the other hand, has often been considered too ad hoc to deserve much attention even though it has been, in some form, an ingredient of virtually every programming lan- guage (much more so than parametric polymorphism). With the introduction of object-oriented languages, and in particular with multiple-dispatch object-oriented languages, overloading has become less of a programming convenience and more of a fundamental feature in need of proper explanation. This book provides a compelling framework for the study of run-time over- loading and of its interactions with subtyping and with parametric polymorphism. The book also describes applications to object-oriented programming. This new framework is motivated by the relatively recent spread of programming languages that are entirely based on run-time overloading; this fact probably explains why this subject was not investigated earlier. Once properly understood, overloading reveals itself relevant also to the study of older and more conventional (single- dispatch) object-oriented languages, clarifying delicate issues of covariance and contravariance of method types, and of run-time type analysis. In the final chapters, a synthesis is made between parametric and overloading polymorphism.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Accelerator Programming Using Directives, WACCPD 2021, which took place in November 2021. The conference was held as hybrid event. WACCPD is one of the major forums for bringing together users, developers, and the software and tools community to share knowledge and experiences when programming emerging complex parallel computing systems. The 7 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 11 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Directive Alternatives; Directive Extensions; and Directive Case Studies.

The second half of this century will remain as the era of proliferation of electronic computers. They did exist before, but they were mechanical. During next century they may perform other mutations to become optical or molecular or even biological. Actually, all these aspects are only fancy dresses put on mathematical machines. This was always recognized to be true in the domain of software, where "e;machine"e; or "e;high level"e; languages are more or less rigourous, but immaterial, variations of the universaly accepted mathematical language aimed at specifying elementary operations, functions, algorithms and processes. But even a mathematical machine needs a physical support, and this is what hardware is all about. The invention of hardware description languages (HDL's) in the early 60's, was an attempt to stay longer at an abstract level in the design process and to push the stage of physical implementation up to the moment when no more technology independant decisions can be taken. It was also an answer to the continuous, exponential growth of complexity of systems to be designed. This problem is common to hardware and software and may explain why the syntax of hardware description languages has followed, with a reasonable delay of ten years, the evolution of the programming languages: at the end of the 60's they were"e; Algol like"e; , a decade later "e;Pascal like"e; and now they are "e;C or ADA-like"e;. They have also integrated the new concepts of advanced software specification languages.

"An approachable, hands-on tutorial to writing a C compiler and how programming languages work. Readers are gently led step by step to build a small working compiler that continues to develop throughout the book, creating a final program that translates code written by the programmer into code the computer can understand. Writing a C Compiler offers readers an accessible, practical approach to this complex and often overly theoretical topic"--

Expert PL/SQL Practices is a book of collected wisdom on PL/SQL programming from some of the best and the brightest in the field. Each chapter is a deep-dive into a specific problem, technology, or feature set that you'll face as a PL/SQL programmer. Each author has chosen their topic out of the strong belief that what they share can make a positive difference in the quality and scalability of code that you write.The path to mastery begins with syntax and the mechanics of writing statements to make things happen. If you've reached that point with PL/SQL, then let the authors of Expert PL/SQL Practices show you how to combine syntax and mechanics with features and techniques to really make the language sing. You'll learn to do more with less effort, to write code that scales and performs well, and to eliminate and avoid defects.These authors are passionate about PL/SQL and the power it places at your disposal. They want you to succeed, to know all that PL/SQL can offer. Let Expert PL/SQL Practices open your eyes to the full power of Oracle's world-class language for the database engine. Goes beyond the manual to cover good techniques and best practices Delivers knowledge usually gained only by hard experience Covers the functionality that distinguishes PL/SQL as a powerful and scalable programming language for deploying logic inside the database engine

Computergrafik umfasst die Erzeugung und Darstellung von einfachen Grafikelementen und Bildern bis hin zur Virtual Reality. Die Anwendung dieser Techniken profitiert von einem soliden Verstandnis der entsprechenden Grundlagen. Das erfolgreiche Buch von Prof. Klawonn, das jetzt bereits in der dritten Auflage vorliegt, vermittelt genau das - verstandlich und nachvollziehbar. Prof. Klawonn erlautert die wesentlichen Konzepte an konkreten Beispielen und bedient sich dabei der einfachen Sprachmittel der Javaprogrammierung. Die Umsetzung erfolgt praktisch mit Java 2D und Java 3D. Auch zur dritten Auflage gibt es wieder einen umfangreichen Online-Service mit Beispielprogrammen, Aufgaben und Losungen, Folien und farbigen Illustrationen.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications, LATA 2009, held in Tarragona, Spain, in April 2009. The 58 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures and two tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. The papers address all the various issues related to automata theory and formal languages.

In the past few decades Computer Hardware Description Languages (CHDLs) have been a rapidly expanding subject area due to a number of factors, including the advancing complexity of digital electronics, the increasing prevalence of generic and programmable components of software-hardware and the migration of VLSI design to high level synthesis based on HDLs. Currently the subject has reached the consolidation phase in which languages and standards are being increasingly used, at the same time as the scope is being broadened to additional application areas. This book presents the latest developments in this area and provides a forum from which readers can learn from the past and look forward to what the future holds.

Embedded Software Development With CKai QianAbout this textbook:Intelligible presentation of the fundamentals of embedded systems design and development using the C programming language and the 8051 microcontroller.Examines the longevity and relevancy of the 8051 microcontroller for designing embedded systems in present applications.Includes extensive appendices for reference work.Encourages a hands-on, incremental learning approach with comprehensive tutorial materials provided both in textbook and online.Embedded Software Development With C offers both an effectual reference for professionals and researchers, and a valuable learning tool for students by laying the groundwork for a solid foundation in the hardware and software aspects of embedded systems development. Key features include a resource for the fundamentals of embedded systems design and development with an emphasis on software, an exploration of the 8051 microcontroller as it pertains to embedded systems, comprehensive tutorial materials for instructors to provide students with labs of varying lengths and levels of difficulty, and supporting website including all sample codes, software tools and links to additional online references.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages (Coordination 2002), held in York, UK, 8-11 April 2002. Coordination models and languages close the conceptual gap - tween the cooperation model used by the constituent parts of an application and the lower-level communication model used in its implementation. Coordinati- based methods provide a clean separation between individual software com- nents and their interactions within their overall software organization. This se- ration, together with the higher-level abstractions o?ered by coordination models and languages, improve software productivity, enhance maintainability, advocate modularity, promote reusability, and lead to software organizations and arc- tectures that are more tractable and more amenable to veri?cation and global analysis. Coordination is relevant in design, development, debugging, maintenance, and reuse of all complex concurrent and distributed systems. Speci?cally, - ordination becomes paramount in the context of open systems, systems with mobile entities, and dynamically re-con?gurable evolving systems. Moreover, - ordination models and languages focus on such key issues in Component Based Software Engineering as speci?cation, interaction, and dynamic composition of components.

ETAPS 2000 was the third instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998 by combining a number of existing and new conferences. This year it comprised ve conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), ve satellite workshops (CBS, CMCS, CoFI, GRATRA, INT), seven invited lectures, a panel discussion, and ten tutorials. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system de- lopment process, including speci cation, design, implementation, analysis, and improvement. The languages, methodologies, and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware systems, and the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive.