Webprogrammering

Die meisten GmbHs werden von Geschaftsfuhrern geleitet, die weder Juristen noch Betriebswirte sind. Es gibt jedoch zahlreiche Gesetze und Richtlinien, die ein Geschaftsfuhrer kennen und beachten mu; auch unterliegt die einschlagige Rechtsprechung standigen Veranderungen und Erweiterungen. Dieses Buch gibt dem Geschaftsfuhrer einer GmbH wichtige Hinweise zu Themen wie Haftungsfragen, Strafvorschriften, Sorgfaltspflichtverletzungen, Verantwortung der GmbH Dritten gegenuber. Die zahlreichen Beispiele und Falle sind sorgfaltig ausgewahlt und auf den Ingenieur und andere Nicht-Kaufleute als Geschaftsfuhrer abgestimmt. Die neue Auflage wurde um Vermogens- und Schadenhaftungs- (D & O-)Versicherungen erweitert. Die Autoren sind erfahrene Experten und Berater fur Rechts- und Managementfragen.

Transition from a back-end developer to a full-stack developer with knowledge of all the dimensions of web application development, namely, front-end, back-end and server-side software. This book provides a comprehensive overview of Streamlit, allowing developers and programmers of all backgrounds to get up to speed in as little time as possible. Streamlit is a pure Python web framework that will bridge the skills gap and shorten development time from weeks to hours. This book walks you through the complete cycle of web application development, from an introductory to advanced level with accompanying source code and resources. You will be exposed to developing basic, intermediate, and sophisticated user interfaces and subsequently you will be acquainted with data visualization, database systems, application security, and cloud deployment in Streamlit.  In a market with a surplus demand for full stack developers, this skill set could not possibly come at a better time. In one sentence, Streamlit is a means for the empowerment of developers everywhere and all stand to gain from it. What You'll LearnMutate big data in real-timeVisualize big data interactivelyImplement web application security and privacy protocols Deploy Streamlit web applications to the cloud using Streamlit, Linux and Windows servers Who is this Book for?Developers with solid programming experience wanting to learn Streamlit; Back-end developers looking to upskill and transition to become a full-stack developers; Those who wish to learn and become more acquainted with data visualization, database systems, security and cloud deployment with Steamlit

If you're developing server-side JavaScript applications, you need Node.js! Start with the basics of the Node.js environment: installation, application structure, and modules. Then follow detailed code examples to learn about web development using frameworks like Express and Nest. Learn about different approaches to asynchronous programming, including RxJS and data streams. Details on peripheral topics such as testing, security, and performance make this your all-in-one daily reference for Node.js!In this book, you'll learn about:a. Getting Started with Node.js Begin your journey with Node.js. Learn about the core components of the environment such as the V8 engine and libraries. Then install Node.js and explore application development tools and the module system. b. Developing Applications Develop web applications by following practical code examples. Set up a web server using HTTP and develop apps step by step using the Express and Nest frameworks. Connect databases, generate interfaces using the REST server and GraphQL, implement command-line tools, handle asynchronous programming, and more. c. Managing ApplicationsManage your Node.js applications from development to deployment. Learn how to use package managers, implement tests, and protect against security threats. Get expert tips on scalability and performance to optimize your apps. Highlights include:1) Installation2) Asynchronous programming3) Application development 4) Modules 5) Express and Nest frameworks6) Template engines 7) Database connectivity 8) Web sockets9) Session handling10) Deployment and operations11) Security 12) Testing, performance, and scalabilityHighlights:InstallationAsynchronous programmingApplication development Modules Express and Nest.js frameworksTemplate engines Database connectivity Web socketsSession handlingDeployment and operationsSecurity Testing, performance, and scalability

Begin your JavaScript journey with this comprehensive, hands-on guide. You'll learn everything there is to know about professional JavaScript programming, from core language concepts to essential client-side tasks. Build dynamic web applications with step-by-step instructions and expand your knowledge by exploring server-side development and mobile development. Work with advanced language features, write clean and efficient code, and much more!Highlights include: Reference typesObjectsEventsFormsWeb APIsObject-oriented programming Functional programmingClient-side applicationsServer-side applicationsMobile and desktop applicationsHighlights:Reference typesObjectsEventsFormsWeb APIsObject-oriented programming Functional programmingClient-side applicationsServer-side applicationsMobile and desktop applications

The Handbook of the Circular Economy provides critical definitions, thought-leaders¿ perspectives and presents state-of-the-art empirical research on circular economy transitions and industrial solutions. Setting out the main tools and initiatives being developed as part of either a transition or transformative state, it also provides a narrative including foundations from the fields of sustainability, eco-innovation and responsible innovation.

Das Stromsystem der Zukunft ist erneuerbar. Durch die dezentralen erneuerbaren Energien ist die gesamte Elektrizitatswirtschaft im Umbruch. Der Wandel der Elektrizitatswirtschaft erfordert interdisziplinare Betrachtungen, bei denen technische, politische, rechtliche und okonomische Aspekte berucksichtigt werden.Dieses Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen, um in der Elektrizitatswirtschaft erfolgreich operativ und strategisch tatig zu werden. Die komplexen Zusammenhange der Strommarkte werden verstandlich dargestellt. Anhand einer Vielzahl von Beispielen und Abbildungen wird anschaulich gezeigt, wie Stromsysteme mit sehr hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien - bis hin zu 100 % - funktionieren konnen.

Die konkreten gesellschaftlichen Folgen des Klimawandels sind sehr unsicher und nicht vorhersagbar. Die Szenarioanalyse erlaubt es, Vorstellungen moglicher Zukunfte zu entwickeln. Das Buch stellt vier koharente Zukunftszenarien fur die Stadt Bochum im Jahr 2046 vor und zeigt, wie daraus konkrete Manahmen fur politische Entscheidungstrager*innen hergeleitet werden konnen. Die Leser*innen dringen in utopische und dystopische Erzahlungen ein, die die wissenschaftlich fundierte Entwicklung der Szenarien anschaulich werden lassen. Daruber hinaus bietet das Buch eine Einfuhrung in die Methode der Szenarioanalyse, die fur den Aufbau von Aktivitaten der stadtischen Vorausschau (Urban Foresight) auch in anderen Kommunen hochgradig relevant ist.

Alle aktuellen Regelungen und die besten Steuerstrategien: Dieses Buch erläutert die Besteuerung von Kapitalerträgen im Privatvermögen sowie in Grundzügen im Betriebsvermögen und nennt wirksame Steueroptimierungen zum Schutz des Kapitals. Zahlreiche Übersichten verdeutlichen die gesetzlichen Regelungen, die aktuellen Anpassungen durch die Rechtsprechung und Aussagen der Finanzverwaltung sowie Ausnahmen bei der Abgeltungsteuer. Von der praxisnahen Darstellung dieses wertvollen Ratgebers profitieren vor allem private Kapitalanleger, Bankberater und Steuerberater. Die überarbeitete dritte Auflage wurde aufgrund neuer gesetzlicher Vorschriften, zahlreicher zwischenzeitlich ergangener BMF-Schreiben und Urteile der Finanzrechtsprechung aktualisiert.

Georessourcen sind die Elemente des gesellschaftlichen Stoffwechsels mit der Natur: mineralische Rohstoffe, fossile Energieträger, Wasser, Luft, Böden und in einem weiteren Sinn auch die Biosphäre und das Klima. Mit der Inwertsetzung und Nutzung dieser Georessourcen sind zeitlich und räumlich stark variierende Mensch-Umwelt-Verhältnisse verbunden. Moderne Gesellschaften mit ihren vielschichtigen Verflechtungen sind so abhängig wie nie zuvor. Georessourcen sind dabei immer auch Instrument zur (Re-)Produktion von Machtverhältnissen und zur Durchsetzung politisch-ökonomisch-ideologischer Interessen im Rahmen von Geopolitik. Neben dem Klimawandel ist eine der großen und weiterhin unbeantworteten Zukunftsfragen die nach dem Umgang mit der Endlichkeit nicht erneuerbarer Georessourcen bei wachsendem Ressourcenverbrauch. Wie kann hier mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Sinne von Generationengerechtigkeit gelingen? Der vorliegende Band liefert eindrucksvolle Einblicke in die komplexen Wirkungsketten, die mit der Nutzung von Georessourcen verbunden sind - und die der Mensch in der Regel nicht vollständig kontrollieren kann. Verschiedene konzeptionelle, analytische und kritische Zugänge liefern wichtige Denkanstöße für Energie- und Ressourcenwenden jenseits von Geoengineering und anderen technologischen Innovationen. Denn ohne die Überwindung gewohnheitsmäßiger Denk-, Lebens- und Verhaltensweisen, die sich an fossil-kapitalistischen Wohlstandsmodellen orientieren, dürfte eine konfliktfreie Versorgung der Menschheit in Zukunft kaum zu gewährleisten sein.Das Buch richtet sich an die interdisziplinäre Fachwelt, an Praktiker, an Studierende und Lehrende aller Hochschultypen, die sich für die Schnittstellenthematik Mensch-Umwelt und die große Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit interessieren.

Explore the world of APIs and learn how to integrate them the production-ready applications using Postman and the Newman CLIKey Features:Learn the tenets of effective API testing and API designGain an in-depth understanding of the various features Postman has to offerKnow when and how to use Postman for creating high-quality APIs for software and web appsBook Description:Postman enables the exploration and testing of web APIs, helping testers and developers figure out how an API works. With Postman, you can create effective test automation for any APIs. If you want to put your knowledge of APIs to work quickly, this practical guide to using Postman will help you get started.The book provides a hands-on approach to learning the implementation and associated methodologies that will have you up and running with Postman in no time. Complete with step-by-step explanations of essential concepts, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, this book begins by taking you through the principles of effective API testing. A combination of theory coupled with real-world examples will help you learn how to use Postman to create well-designed, documented, and tested APIs. You'll then be able to try some hands-on projects that will teach you how to add test automation to an already existing API with Postman, and guide you in using Postman to create a well-designed API from scratch.By the end of this book, you'll be able to use Postman to set up and run API tests for any API that you are working with.What You Will Learn:Find out what is involved in effective API testingUse data-driven testing in Postman to create scalable API testsUnderstand what a well-designed API looks likeBecome well-versed with API terminology, including the different types of APIsGet to grips with performing functional and non-functional testing of an APIDiscover how to use industry standards such as OpenAPI and mocking in PostmanWho this book is for:The book is for software testing professionals and software developers looking to improve product and API quality through API test automation. You will find this book useful if understand APIs and want to build your skills for creating, testing, and documenting APIs. The book assumes beginner-level knowledge of JavaScript and API development.

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch verbindet auf verstandliche Art die Bereiche der Gesundheits- und Umweltpolitik. Bisher eher getrennt gedacht, sind beide Themen volkswirtschaftlich jedoch eng miteinander verknupft. So haben beide ihre Wurzeln in der Theorie der Finanzwissenschaft, und auch praktisch gesehen beeinflussen Umweltbedingungen die Gesundheit der Bevolkerung in vielfaltiger Weise.Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Wirtschafts-, Umwelt- und Gesundheitswissenschaften sowie an Praktiker, die sich einen Uberblick uber die wirtschaftspolitischen Handlungsempfehlungen verschiedener Theorieansatze verschaffen mochten. Dabei sind die Theorien durch die vielfaltige Darstellungsweise auch ohne spezielle mathematische Kenntnisse nachvollziehbar.In zweiter Auflage jetzt mit mehr als 200 zusatzlichen Fragen zur Wissensuberprufung fur Leser.

Averting Climate Catastrophe Together addresses the necessity of meeting the Paris Agreement temperature target and explores what framework could enable climate action in an effective, efficient and equitable manner that is consistent with that goal. It also looks at the contribution of technological change within the economic system, including the feasibility of a global energy transition. Whether humanity can avoid catastrophic climate change does not seem to depend on the availability of technological solutions, but rather on international cooperation and coordination. Given the various sustainability issues, this book also considers if it is possible to derive a general approach to them. It argues that dealing with compatibility limits in complex systems requires a holistic change in the system structure. Therefore, systems science is discussed together with economics, technological change, and sustainable development. This book targets scientists and experts from different disciplines due to the interdisciplinary topic, but especially from environmental economics and energy technology; policy makers, as policy recommendations are provided to address climate change; as well as the general public due to the pressing common challenge of climate change and comprehensive efforts for sustainable development. Provides evidence based on climate science research on the necessity of meeting the Paris Agreement temperature target Highlights the feasibility of the global energy transition as one major option to mitigate climate change, also going into detail about the process of technological change Brings together systems science with economics, technological change, and sustainable development Derives a framework to meet the Paris Agreement temperature target, enabling coordinated climate action in an effective and efficient manner while pursuing distributive justice

How Marcuse helps us understand the ecological crisis of the 21st century

React is today's most popular open-source JavaScript library for front-end web application development. React Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide helps programmers with experience in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript master React through hands-on examples.Based on Big Nerd Ranch's popular React Essentials bootcamp, this guide illuminates key concepts with realistic code, guiding you step by step through building a starter app and a complete, production-ready app, both crafted to help you quickly leverage React's remarkable power.Use React to write reliable, declarative code, create carts and other e-commerce features, optimize performance, and gain experience with component and end-to-end testing. Along the way, you will learn to use tools like Create React App, functional components, hooks, ESLint, React Router, websockets, the React Testing Library, and Cypress.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from third countries-a desirable form of investment to boost the EU's economy or a threat to important EU and Member State interests that must be mitigated via FDI screening mechanisms? FDI screening is a complex, controversial and highly topical subject at the intersection of law, politics and economics. This book analyzes the political rationale behind FDI screening in the EU, reveals the legal limitations of current FDI screening mechanisms based on security and public order, and identifies legislative options for broader screening mechanisms in accordance with EU and international economic law.In particular, the book identifies the four main concerns in the EU regarding FDI from third countries: distortive competition effects; the lack of reciprocity on FDI treatment between the EU and the investor's home country; objectives of the investor or their home country that may be detrimental to EU interests; and safety of private information. On this basis, the book analyzes the Screening Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/452) and its newly introduced screening ground "e;security or public order"e; and asks whether this and other similar screening grounds based on the notions of security, public order and public policy can address these concerns with regard to foreign investors. Based on an analysis of WTO law and EU primary law, it argues that they cannot. Thus, the question arises: Do the EU and Member States have the flexibility to adopt broader FDI screening mechanisms? To answer this question, the book examines the freedoms of capital movement and establishment in EU primary law, as well as various sources of international economic law such as, first and foremost, the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services, but also other bi- and plurilateral trade and investment treaties, including the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. In closing, the book identifies various legislative options for broader FDI screening mechanisms-and their shortcomings.

This book describes a set of methods, architectures, and tools to extend the data pipeline at the disposal of developers when they need to publish and consume data from Knowledge Graphs (graph-structured knowledge bases that describe the entities and relations within a domain in a semantically meaningful way) using SPARQL, Web APIs, and JSON. To do so, it focuses on the paradigmatic cases of two middleware software packages, grlc and SPARQL Transformer, which automatically build and run SPARQL-based REST APIs and allow the specification of JSON schema results, respectively. The authors highlight the underlying principles behind these technologies-query management, declarative languages, new levels of indirection, abstraction layers, and separation of concerns-, explain their practical usage, and describe their penetration in research projects and industry. The book, therefore, serves a double purpose: to provide a sound and technical description of tools and methods at the disposal of publishers and developers to quickly deploy and consume Web Data APIs on top of Knowledge Graphs; and to propose an extensible and heterogeneous Knowledge Graph access infrastructure that accommodates a growing ecosystem of querying paradigms.

Linked Data (LD) is a well-established standard for publishing and managing structured information on the Web, gathering and bridging together knowledge from different scientific and commercial domains. The development of Linked Data Visualization techniques and tools has been followed as the primary means for the analysis of this vast amount of information by data scientists, domain experts, business users, and citizens.This book covers a wide spectrum of visualization issues, providing an overview of the recent advances in this area, focusing on techniques, tools, and use cases of visualization and visual analysis of LD. It presents the basic concepts related to data visualization and the LD technologies, the techniques employed for data visualization based on the characteristics of data techniques for Big Data visualization, use tools and use cases in the LD context, and finally a thorough assessment of the usability of these tools under different scenarios.The purpose of this book is to offer a complete guide to the evolution of LD visualization for interested readers from any background and to empower them to get started with the visual analysis of such data. This book can serve as a course textbook or a primer for all those interested in LD and data visualization.

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered notable attention from both industry and academia. Knowledge graphs are founded on the principle of applying a graph-based abstraction to data, and are now broadly deployed in scenarios that require integrating and extracting value from multiple, diverse sources of data at large scale. The book defines knowledge graphs and provides a high-level overview of how they are used. It presents and contrasts popular graph models that are commonly used to represent data as graphs, and the languages by which they can be queried before describing how the resulting data graph can be enhanced with notions of schema, identity, and context. The book discusses how ontologies and rules can be used to encode knowledge as well as how inductive techniques-based on statistics, graph analytics, machine learning, etc.-can be used to encode and extract knowledge. It covers techniques for the creation, enrichment, assessment, and refinement of knowledge graphs and surveys recent open and enterprise knowledge graphs and the industries or applications within which they have been most widely adopted. The book closes by discussing the current limitations and future directions along which knowledge graphs are likely to evolve. This book is aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to learn more about knowledge graphs and how they facilitate extracting value from diverse data at large scale. To make the book accessible for newcomers, running examples and graphical notation are used throughout. Formal definitions and extensive references are also provided for those who opt to delve more deeply into specific topics.

This book is a guide to designing and building knowledge graphs from enterprise relational databases in practice.\ It presents a principled framework centered on mapping patterns to connect relational databases with knowledge graphs, the roles within an organization responsible for the knowledge graph, and the process that combines data and people. The content of this book is applicable to knowledge graphs being built either with property graph or RDF graph technologies. Knowledge graphs are fulfilling the vision of creating intelligent systems that integrate knowledge and data at large scale. Tech giants have adopted knowledge graphs for the foundation of next-generation enterprise data and metadata management, search, recommendation, analytics, intelligent agents, and more. We are now observing an increasing number of enterprises that seek to adopt knowledge graphs to develop a competitive edge. In order for enterprises to design and build knowledge graphs, they need to understand the critical data stored in relational databases. How can enterprises successfully adopt knowledge graphs to integrate data and knowledge, without boiling the ocean? This book provides the answers.

Ontologies have become increasingly important as the use of knowledge graphs, machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and the amount of data generated on a daily basis has exploded. As of 2014, 90% of the data in the digital universe was generated in the two years prior, and the volume of data was projected to grow from 3.2 zettabytes to 40 zettabytes in the next six years. The very real issues that government, research, and commercial organizations are facing in order to sift through this amount of information to support decision-making alone mandate increasing automation. Yet, the data profiling, NLP, and learning algorithms that are ground-zero for data integration, manipulation, and search provide less than satisfactory results unless they utilize terms with unambiguous semantics, such as those found in ontologies and well-formed rule sets. Ontologies can provide a rich "e;schema"e; for the knowledge graphs underlying these technologies as well as the terminological and semantic basis for dramatic improvements in results. Many ontology projects fail, however, due at least in part to a lack of discipline in the development process. This book, motivated by the Ontology 101 tutorial given for many years at what was originally the Semantic Technology Conference (SemTech) and then later from a semester-long university class, is designed to provide the foundations for ontology engineering. The book can serve as a course textbook or a primer for all those interested in ontologies.

This book introduces core natural language processing (NLP) technologies to non-experts in an easily accessible way, as a series of building blocks that lead the user to understand key technologies, why they are required, and how to integrate them into Semantic Web applications. Natural language processing and Semantic Web technologies have different, but complementary roles in data management. Combining these two technologies enables structured and unstructured data to merge seamlessly. Semantic Web technologies aim to convert unstructured data to meaningful representations, which benefit enormously from the use of NLP technologies, thereby enabling applications such as connecting text to Linked Open Data, connecting texts to each other, semantic searching, information visualization, and modeling of user behavior in online networks. The first half of this book describes the basic NLP processing tools: tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and morphological analysis, in addition to the main tools required for an information extraction system (named entity recognition and relation extraction) which build on these components. The second half of the book explains how Semantic Web and NLP technologies can enhance each other, for example via semantic annotation, ontology linking, and population. These chapters also discuss sentiment analysis, a key component in making sense of textual data, and the difficulties of performing NLP on social media, as well as some proposed solutions. The book finishes by investigating some applications of these tools, focusing on semantic search and visualization, modeling user behavior, and an outlook on the future.

The world of scholarship is changing rapidly. Increasing demands on scholars, the growing size and complexity of questions and problems to be addressed, and advances in sophistication of data collection, analysis, and presentation require new approaches to scholarship. A ubiquitous, open information infrastructure for scholarship, consisting of linked open data, open-source software tools, and a community committed to sustainability are emerging to meet the needs of scholars today. This book provides an introduction to VIVO, http://vivoweb.org/, a tool for representing information about research and researchers -- their scholarly works, research interests, and organizational relationships. VIVO provides an expressive ontology, tools for managing the ontology, and a platform for using the ontology to create and manage linked open data for scholarship and discovery. Begun as a project at Cornell and further developed by an NIH funded consortium, VIVO is now being established as an open-source project with community participation from around the world. By the end of 2012, over 20 countries and 50 organizations will provide information in VIVO format on more than one million researchers and research staff, including publications, research resources, events, funding, courses taught, and other scholarly activity. The rapid growth of VIVO and of VIVO-compatible data sources speaks to the fundamental need to transform scholarship for the 21st century. Table of Contents: Scholarly Networking Needs and Desires / The VIVO Ontology / Implementing VIVO and Filling It with Life / Case Study: University of Colorado at Boulder / Case Study: Weill Cornell Medical College / Extending VIVO / Analyzing and Visualizing VIVO Data / The Future of VIVO: Growing the Community

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Introduction / Principles of Linked Data / The Web of Data / Linked Data Design Considerations / Recipes for Publishing Linked Data / Consuming Linked Data / Summary and Outlook

The dramatic progress of smartphone technologies has ushered in a new era of mobile sensing, where traditional wearable on-body sensors are being rapidly superseded by various embedded sensors in our smartphones. For example, a typical smartphone today, has at the very least a GPS, WiFi, Bluetooth, triaxial accelerometer, and gyroscope. Alongside, new accessories are emerging such as proximity, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, and pressure sensors. Even the default microphone can act as an acoustic sensor to track noise exposure for example. These sensors act as a "e;"e;lens"e;"e; to understand the user's context along different dimensions. Data can be passively collected from these sensors without interrupting the user. As a result, this new era of mobile sensing has fueled significant interest in understanding what can be extracted from such sensor data both instantaneously as well as considering volumes of time series from these sensors. For example, GPS logs can be used to determine automatically the significant places associated to a user's life (e.g., home, office, shopping areas). The logs may also reveal travel patterns, and how a user moves from one place to another (e.g., driving or using public transport). These may be used to proactively inform the user about delays, relevant promotions from shops, in his "e;"e;regular"e;"e; route. Similarly, accelerometer logs can be used to measure a user's average walking speed, compute step counts, gait identification, and estimate calories burnt per day. The key objective is to provide better services to end users. The objective of this book is to inform the reader of the methodologies and techniques for extracting meaningful information (called "e;"e;semantics"e;"e;) from sensors on our smartphones. These techniques form the cornerstone of several application areas utilizing smartphone sensor data. We discuss technical challenges and algorithmic solutions for modeling and mining knowledge from smartphone-resident sensor data streams. This book devotes two chapters to dive deep into a set of highly available, commoditized sensors---the positioning sensor (GPS) and motion sensor (accelerometer). Furthermore, this book has a chapter devoted to energy-efficient computation of semantics, as battery life is a major concern on user experience.

While many Web 2.0-inspired approaches to semantic content authoring do acknowledge motivation and incentives as the main drivers of user involvement, the amount of useful human contributions actually available will always remain a scarce resource. Complementarily, there are aspects of semantic content authoring in which automatic techniques have proven to perform reliably, and the added value of human (and collective) intelligence is often a question of cost and timing. The challenge that this book attempts to tackle is how these two approaches (machine- and human-driven computation) could be combined in order to improve the cost-performance ratio of creating, managing, and meaningfully using semantic content. To do so, we need to first understand how theories and practices from social sciences and economics about user behavior and incentives could be applied to semantic content authoring. We will introduce a methodology to help software designers to embed incentives-minded functionalities into semantic applications, as well as best practices and guidelines. We will present several examples of such applications, addressing tasks such as ontology management, media annotation, and information extraction, which have been built with these considerations in mind. These examples illustrate key design issues of incentivized Semantic Web applications that might have a significant effect on the success and sustainable development of the applications: the suitability of the task and knowledge domain to the intended audience, and the mechanisms set up to ensure high-quality contributions, and extensive user involvement. Table of Contents: Semantic Data Management: A Human-driven Process / Fundamentals of Motivation and Incentives / Case Study: Motivating Employees to Annotate Content / Case Study: Building a Community of Practice Around Web Service Management and Annotation / Case Study: Games with a Purpose for Semantic Content Creation / Conclusions

In this book, we take you on a fun, hands-on and pragmatic journey to learning MERN stack development. You'll start building your first MERN stack app within minutes. Every chapter is written in a bite-sized manner and straight to the point as I don't want to waste your time (and most certainly mine) on the content you don't need. In the end, you will have the skills to create a Movies review app and deploy it to the Internet.In the course of this book, we will cover:Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: MongoDB OverviewChapter 3: Setting Up MongoDB Atlas Cloud DatabaseChapter 4: Adding Sample DataChapter 5: Setting Up Our Node.js, Express BackendChapter 6: Creating Our Backend ServerChapter 7: Creating The Movies Data Access ObjectChapter 8: Creating The Movies ControllerChapter 9: Testing Our Backend APIChapter 10: Leaving Movie ReviewsChapter 11: Testing The Reviews APIChapter 12: Route To Get A Single Movie And Its RatingsChapter 13: Introduction To ReactChapter 14: Create Navigation Header BarChapter 15: Defining Our RoutesChapter 16: MovieDataService: Connecting To The BackendChapter 17: MoviesList ComponentChapter 18: Movie ComponentChapter 19: Listing ReviewsChapter 21: Adding And Editing ReviewsChapter 22: Deleting A ReviewChapter 23: Get Next Page's ResultsChapter 24: Get Next Page's Results - Search By Title And RatingChapter 25: Deploying Backend On HerokuChapter 26: Hosting And Deploying Our React Frontend The goal of this book is to teach you MERN stack development in a manageable way without overwhelming you. We focus only on the essentials and cover the material in a hands-on practice manner for you to code along.Working Through This BookThis book is purposely broken down into short chapters where the development process of each chapter will center on different essential topics. The book takes a practical hands on approach to learning through practice. You learn best when you code along with the examples in the book.RequirementsNo previous knowledge on Node.js or React development is required, but you should have basic programming knowledge. It will be a helpful advantage if you could read through my Node, Express book and React book first which will provide you will better insight and deeper knowledge into the various technologies. But even if you have not done so, you should still be able to follow along.