Bøger af Andrew Cotton

This manual investigates the extent and nature of the involvement of low-income urban communities in the provision of their local infrastructure. It also provides guidance for policy-makers and professional staff of urban government, development agencies, non-government organisations, and small to medium enterprises for promoting increased involvement of communities in the procurement of neighbourhood (tertiary level) infrastructure. Cases relating to water supply, sanitation, drainage, access, paving, street and security lighting, solid waste removal, and community buildings are examined. ALSO AVAILABLE IN URDU

Guiding Principles is aimed primarily at policymakers but is also of direct relevance to urban engineers and planners. It presents an overview of principles and offers guidance for the development of an action planning approach to improve services for the urban poor within a policy context which supports administrative decentralisation and involvement of users in the planning process.

This booklet is a supplement to the WHO monograph Tools for assessing the O&M status of water supply and sanitation in developing countries which comprises nine tools for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of operations and maintenance (O&M) of water supply and sanitation services. The WHO tools are: Tool 1: Effectiveness of the O&M management system. Tool 2: Guidelines for an audit of O&M. Tool 3: A framework for assessing the status of O&M. Tool 4: Guidelines on O&M performance evaluation. Tool 5: Guidelines on O&M performance reporting. Tool 6: Guidelines for the selection of performance indicators. Tool 7: Performance indicators for water supply and sanitation. Tool 8: Potential information sources. Tool 9: Participatory information-gathering. Tool 7 suggests performance indicators which are specific to water supply and sanitation; all other tools are generic and apply equally to any other of the urban services. Tool 7A has been produced as a supplement to Tool 7 which provides some indicators in relation to these other urban services. On inspection of Tools 7 and 7A, however, it can be seen that it is relatively straightforward to develop equivalent performance indicators oneself for one's own use. An additional Tool 10 has also been prepared to offer advice on indicators for technical, financial and institutional sustainability.

Operation and Maintenance is aimed primarily at urban engineers and planners. It presents different strategies for managing O&M and considers how these can be applied to produce detailed plans for improved operation and maintenance at the neighbourhood, Ward and Municipal levels.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. These reports present the interim findings of an analysis of both the pre-contract and operational phases of a number of PPP contracts. Part A presents a summary and lesson learned. Details of the operational case studies are given in Part B. A broad view of PPPs has been taken and situations where the public sector is in partnership either with formal private sector companies, or with small scale local entrepreneurs, or with NGOs employed in a private sector capacity have been included.

The purpose of the project Public Private Partnerships and the Poor in Water and Sanitation is to determine workable processes whereby the needs of the poor are promoted in strategies which encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. One of the key objectives is to fill some of the gaps which exist in evidence-based reporting of the facts and issues around the impacts of PPP on poor consumers. These reports present the interim findings of an analysis of both the pre-contract and operational phases of a number of PPP contracts. Part A presents a summary and lesson learned. Details of the operational case studies are given in Part B. A broad view of PPPs has been taken and situations where the public sector is in partnership either with formal private sector companies, or with small scale local entrepreneurs, or with NGOs employed in a private sector capacity have been included.

Working with Partners is aimed primarily at policymakers but is also of direct relevance to urban engineers and planners. It reviews the roles of different stakeholders in service provision, including government, civil society and external agencies. A number of common constraints are identified and possible ways of addressing them are outlined.

From Action Plans to Implementation is aimed primarily at urban engineers. It provides guidance on taking local action plans forward to the stage of implementing service improvements at the field level, including administrative procedures for technical and financial approval and the different options for procurement and contracting.

Action Planning Guidelines: Parts 3a, 3b and 3c is aimed primarily at senior local programme managers, including urban engineers and planners. It proposes a framework for action planning to develop local neighbourhood plans and area service plans for networked infrastructure which focuses on the importance of linking these together through a process of consensus building.

This document presents the findings from Phase 2 (August 1994 - March 1997) of a Department for International Development (DFID) project (R4857) covering On-Plot Sanitation in Low Income Urban Communities. The project concerns the performance of on-plot sanitation systems in urban India, Ghana and Mozambique, and aims to investigate how satisfactory on-plot sanitation is in the urban context, and to develop guidance on its use for policy makers and professional staff of urban governments, development agencies and non-government organisations

This document reports findings from Phase I (May-August 1992) of an Overseas Development Administration funded project (no. R4857) concerning on-plot sanitation in low- income areas of urban Africa and Asia. Results from the project's two main tasks ] a review of relevant literature and postal surveys (which were carried out simultaneously) are discussed. More than three hundred documents were examined in the review and material relevant to on-plot urban sanitation has been summarized in sections dealing with technical, health and social, and management matters. Alternative technologies are critically reviewed, with special attention given to the relative advantages and disadvantages of each option.

Technical Guidelines: Parts 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f is aimed primarily at urban engineers and planners. It provides a range of different tools for detailed planning and guidelines for design. The tools cover different technical options for service improvements to urban poor areas, including 'handy tips' for construction and maintenance.

The result of a review of the literature on infrastructure design for urban low-income housing. Covers infrastructure planning; site preparation; drainage; roads and access; water supply; power supply; sanitation; solid waste management.