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Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, , language: English, abstract: This doctoral dissertation deals with rules on digital trade in the light of WTO agreements.Digital trade has brought about profound changes in the international trade framework. Traditional trade, which primarily involved the exchange of physical goods, has now expanded to encompass a wide range of digitally delivered services, online transactions, and data flows. This transformation has been driven by advancements in technology and the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. The digital economy encompasses various digital technologies and platforms and has become a significant driver of economic growth and innovation. It allows businesses to reach international markets more quickly and efficiently, transcending geographical barriers. The internet, mobile devices, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence have facilitated this digital transformation. These technologies enable seamless communication, data storage and processing, automation, and personalised services, revolutionising how businesses operate and engage in international trade.Digital trade has created new opportunities for businesses of all sizes. Small and medium-sized enterprises have benefited from the ability to access global markets through digital platforms and e-commerce. These platforms provide a means for Small and medium-sized enterprises to connect with potential customers worldwide, establish their presence, and market their products and services without needing a physical presence in foreign markets. This has lowered entry barriers and empowered Small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in global value chains, expanding their reach and contributing to economic growth. One of the notable developments in the digital trade era is the rise of platform-based businesses. These platforms, such as e-commerce marketplaces, ride-sharing services, and online payment systems, act as intermediaries connecting buyers and sellers across borders. They facilitate transactions, provide infrastructure and services, and enable businesses to expand their customer base globally. Platforms have become influential players in international trade, shaping market dynamics and redefining traditional trading system.
The Muslims saw the domination of Capitalism after the turn of the 19th century; it had technological advancements and a complete functioning system while the Muslims had nothing but the declining Uthmani Khilafah. Fundamentally the Muslims had lost the understanding of the Islamic thought and the method of its implementation, and also how the thought and its method were inextricably linked together. Some were sent to the West, and were smitten with it. Rifa'a Rafi' al- Tahtawi of Egypt (1801-1873), on his return from Paris, wrote a biographical book called Takhlis al-ibriz ila talkhis Bariz (The Extraction of Gold, or an Overview of Paris, 1834), praising their cleanliness, love of work, and above all social morality. He declared that we must mimic what is being done in Paris, advocating changes to the Islamic society from liberalising women, and to the systems of ruling.This thought, and others like it, marked the beginning of the reinventing trend in Islam; and it has continued into modern times. The original advocates of such thoughts were those like Muhammad Abduh, who was appointed as Sheikh al-Azhar by the British colonialists. However, what we are concerned with primarily are the products of this thought process, rather than its origins.We will focus on the attempt to reinvent Islam for the minorities, with the aim of resolving their specific problems. This has been called "The Fiqh (jurisprudence) of Minorities" (Fiqh al-Aqaliyaat). We will highlight the foundations of this thought, some key results that emerge from its application, and see whether there is a need for such a jurisprudence to exist.
We're in Bradford. It's been a few months since Jabala's beloved Mum died. Dad is a brilliant father, but it's an effort to get to school on time every day.One morning, when she says goodbye to her house as usual, Jabala hears a voice replying to her in Arabic. But no one's there. Could it be Mum? Has she imagined it?With the help of a 'Refugee Boy' at school, a Shakespeare enthusiast called Munir, she summons... a Jinn. But this is no ordinary 'Jinn', as told in grandma's stories and Jabala is in for a surprise.As the day of Eid approaches, events take a drastic turn and Jabala is forced to make some difficult decisions. Will things come together in time for the big celebration? Combining physical theatre, original music and vivid design, this new play by award-winning writer AsifKhan is a funny and endearing story for the whole family.
There are three main stages of research methodology; such as innovation, optimization and studies of its scope and limitations. The discovery requires extensive knowledge and experience with chemical reactivities of appropriate reagents. The optimization consists of the study of one or two starting compounds involved in the reaction under different conditions of temperature, solvent, reaction time, etc. until the setting up of optimum conditions for product yield and purity. Schiff bases have been playing a significant part in the development of coordination chemistry. Quinoline Schiff base metal complexes have been studied extensively because of their attractive chemical and physical properties and their wide range of applications in numerous scientific areas. These kind of complexes have been rigorously studied in recent times. Many of them are centered on the catalytic activity of Schiff base complexes in a large number of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.
Bradford, in the month of Ramadan. Shaz, a local garage mechanic, is trying to keep his business going despite the terrible scandal of Asian men involved in grooming young girls for sex in the area. Racists plan to march through the city in protest and Samina, Shaz's sister wants to make a speech at a counter-demonstration. Shaz just wants a quiet life so that his prospective in-laws will let him marry their beautiful daughter, but as the city gets swept up in the protest, his world gets turned upside down.
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