Bøger af Ayat-Allah Bouramdane

Diese Studie bewertet die Eignung von Ländern mit Klimaproblemen für PV-Solarenergie und bietet politischen Entscheidungsträgern und Investoren eine Orientierungshilfe für globale Nachhaltigkeit. Zwei Schlüsselfragen: 1) Identifizierung von Schlüsselfaktoren für die Installation von PV-Anlagen; 2) Bewertung des Potenzials in Ländern, die unter dem Pariser Abkommen leiden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Klima und Orographie einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Standortwahl für PV-Anlagen haben, während die Zugänglichkeit von Land und Umweltfaktoren den geringsten Einfluss haben. Die Sonneneinstrahlung trägt zu 26 % zur Eignung von PV-Anlagen bei, da sie sich direkt auf die Stromerzeugung auswirkt. Weitere wichtige Faktoren sind die Neigung des Geländes, die Temperatur, die Ausrichtung, die Nähe zu Stromleitungen und die Höhe des Geländes. "Kritisch unzureichende" Länder (z. B. Iran, Mexiko, Thailand) haben ein hohes Potenzial, während "stark unzureichende" Länder (z. B. Indien, Saudi-Arabien, Ägypten) unterschiedlich sind. "Unzureichende" Länder (z. B. Südafrika, Peru) haben gemischte Gebiete. "Fast ausreichende" Länder (z. B. Marokko, Nigeria) bieten ein Potenzial mit Herausforderungen.

Este estudo avalia a adequação das nações com problemas climáticos à energia solar fotovoltaica, orientando os decisores políticos e os investidores para a sustentabilidade global. Duas questões-chave: 1) identificar factores-chave para a instalação de energia solar fotovoltaica; 2) avaliar o potencial em países criticamente insuficientes do Acordo de Paris. Os resultados indicam que o clima e a orografia têm um impacto significativo na localização dos parques solares fotovoltaicos, enquanto a acessibilidade dos terrenos e os factores ambientais têm a menor influência. A radiação solar contribui em 26% para a adequação das centrais fotovoltaicas devido ao seu impacto direto na produção de eletricidade. Outros factores vitais incluem a inclinação do terreno, a temperatura, o aspeto, a proximidade de linhas eléctricas e a elevação do terreno. Os países "criticamente insuficientes" (por exemplo, Irão, México, Tailândia) têm um potencial elevado, enquanto os países "altamente insuficientes" (por exemplo, Índia, Arábia Saudita, Egipto) variam. Os países "insuficientes" (por exemplo, África do Sul, Peru) têm áreas mistas. Os países "quase suficientes" (por exemplo, Marrocos, Nigéria) oferecem potencial com desafios.

Cette étude évalue l'adéquation des nations confrontées à des défis climatiques à l'énergie solaire photovoltaïque, afin de guider les décideurs politiques et les investisseurs vers une durabilité globale. Deux questions clés : 1) identifier les facteurs clés de l'installation photovoltaïque ; 2) évaluer le potentiel dans les pays de l'Accord de Paris où l'on constate une insuffisance critique. Les résultats indiquent que le climat et l'orographie ont un impact significatif sur l'implantation des fermes photovoltaïques, tandis que l'accessibilité des terres et les facteurs environnementaux ont le moins d'influence. Le rayonnement solaire contribue à hauteur de 26 % à l'adéquation de l'installation photovoltaïque en raison de son impact direct sur la production d'électricité. Les autres facteurs essentiels sont la pente du sol, la température, l'aspect, la proximité des lignes électriques et l'élévation du terrain. Les pays présentant une "insuffisance critique" (Iran, Mexique, Thaïlande, etc.) ont un potentiel élevé, tandis que les pays présentant une "insuffisance élevée" (Inde, Arabie saoudite, Égypte, etc.) ont un potentiel variable. Les pays "insuffisants" (par exemple, l'Afrique du Sud, le Pérou) ont des zones mixtes. Les pays "presque suffisants" (par exemple, le Maroc, le Nigeria) offrent un potentiel avec des défis à relever.

Questo studio valuta l'idoneità dei Paesi a rischio climatico per l'energia solare fotovoltaica, guidando i politici e gli investitori verso la sostenibilità globale. Due le questioni chiave: 1) identificare i fattori chiave per l'installazione del fotovoltaico; 2) valutare il potenziale nei Paesi dell'Accordo di Parigi che presentano un'insufficienza critica. I risultati indicano che il clima e l'orografia hanno un impatto significativo sulla localizzazione dei parchi solari fotovoltaici, mentre l'accessibilità del terreno e i fattori ambientali hanno un'influenza minore. La radiazione solare contribuisce per il 26% all'idoneità dell'impianto fotovoltaico a causa del suo impatto diretto sulla produzione di elettricità. Altri fattori fondamentali sono la pendenza del terreno, la temperatura, l'aspetto, la vicinanza alle linee elettriche e l'altitudine del terreno. I Paesi "criticamente insufficienti" (ad esempio, Iran, Messico, Tailandia) hanno un potenziale elevato, mentre i Paesi "altamente insufficienti" (ad esempio, India, Arabia Saudita, Egitto) hanno un potenziale diverso. I Paesi "insufficienti" (ad esempio, Sudafrica, Perù) hanno aree miste. I Paesi "quasi sufficienti" (ad esempio, Marocco, Nigeria) offrono un potenziale con delle sfide.

This study evaluates climate-challenged nations' suitability for solar PV energy, guiding policymakers and investors toward global sustainability. Two key questions: 1) identifying key factors for PV installation; 2) assessing potential in critically insufficient Paris Agreement countries. Findings indicate climate and orography significantly impact solar PV farm siting, while land accessibility and environmental factors have the least influence. Solar radiation contributes 26% to PV plant suitability due to its direct impact on electricity production. Other vital factors include ground slope, temperature, aspect, proximity to power lines, and land elevation. "Critically insufficient" countries (e.g., Iran, Mexico, Thailand) have high potential, while "highly insufficient" countries (e.g., India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt) vary. "Insufficient" countries (e.g., South Africa, Peru) have mixed areas. "Almost sufficient" countries (e.g., Morocco, Nigeria) offer potential with challenges.

This comprehensive book explores hydrogen's potential as a sustainable energy solution with transformative effects on industries and environmental concerns. The first chapter extensively reviews prominent hydrogen production methods like Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), Partial Oxidation (POX), and Autothermal Reforming (ATR), offering insights into their characteristics, modeling intricacies, benefits, drawbacks, real-world usage, and geographical viability. Building on this, the second chapter widens the exploration to encompass additional technologies, including biomass gasification, solar water splitting, and electrolysis, employing robust Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodologies to analyze their environmental impact and economic feasibility. The book strikes a balance between technical depth and practical insights, serving as an essential guide for researchers, engineers, policymakers, and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of hydrogen production technologies.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of critical aspects of climate change, drawing insights from international negotiations and Morocco's dedicated efforts. In chapter 1, we delve into the history of climate negotiations, examining the involvement of negotiating groups, the progress made in mitigation strategies (including fossil fuel phase-out, net-zero targets, and the role of Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry, or LULUCF), climate finance for addressing losses and damages (including carbon markets), and the importance of adaptation. Chapter 2 investigates the significance of both mitigation and adaptation strategies, explores the varying sectors that benefit from each approach, examines the gap between current mitigation levels and the required actions to mitigate climate risks effectively, and provides insights into Morocco's progress toward meeting the commitments outlined in the Paris Agreement. This book presents a holistic perspective on climate change, combining international experiences and the context-specific efforts of Morocco, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and individuals concerned about the global climate crisis.

The book provides a comprehensive examination of Morocco's susceptibility to climate-related risks and the uncertainties associated with achieving renewable energy penetration targets. This abstract provides a glimpse into two key chapters of the book. The first chapter analyzes the challenges faced by the African continent, with a specific emphasis on the country of Morocco, in relation to climate change impacts and their resulting economic and non-economic losses and damages in various sectors, including agriculture, water resources, infrastructure, and human well-being. Chapter 2 delves into the uncertainties associated with achieving different penetration targets for renewable electricity in Morocco. By examining Morocco's vulnerability to climate losses and damages and the uncertainties in the renewable electricity mix, this book provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders involved in climate change adaptation, energy planning, and sustainable development and contributes to Morocco's efforts in building climate resilience and advancing the renewable energy transition.

This book applies a plausible Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographically Referenced Information to determine large-scale solar Offshore Floating Photovoltaic (OFPV) hot spots over Morocco's Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas. The book investigates the critical assessment criteria required as well as identifies moderately and very highly suitable areas. It highlights the resource and market potential, advantages, and challenges of various types of PV configurations, particularly OFPV systems. It also discusses the potential impact of climate variability and change on Morocco's offshore areas and hence on the suitability of OFPV, the benefits of marine energies, and the offshore potential of other renewable energy sources (offshore wind, tidal stream power, and ocean wave energy) along Moroccan coastlines, as well as the impact of climate change on these resources. The book also examines the challenges of water scarcity and discusses some solutions, such as PV-powered seawater desalination and the combination of OFPV with existing hydropower reservoirs in Africa.