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Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Miscellaneous, grade: 2.2, The Open University, language: English, abstract: Since Aristotle first set out his famous definition of the ¿political animal¿, numerous thinkers have re-interpreted, evaluated and attempted to extend the term to living beings Aristotle himself did not intend to endow with political rights. This essay willprimarily look at the works of thinkers like Wollstonecraft, Bentham, Latour, among others, who sought to include nature, i.e. non-human beings, into the political sphere. In their works they constantly challenged the notion of a ¿boundary line¿, which aimsto draw a distinction between the human and the non-human being. The main section will depart from an Aristotelian point of view in which characteristics would be absolutely necessary to having the privilege to entitlement of political rights. Afterwards,specifics, which have been put forward by other thinkers and aim at incorporating minorities and non-humans into the political sphere, will be discussed. At the end of the piece it should become clear that ideas about a more inclusive approach to nature are neither new, nor are they bizarre and thus should not be dismissed indiscriminately. Limits of this all-encompassing inclusive approach are exemplified by the works of Nilsen.[...]
Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, The Open University, language: English, abstract: Albeit democracy being "the worst form of government", according to Churchill, it has proven remarkably tenacious. Democracy's infancy can be traced back to ancient Greece, and provides for key driver of social change. During industialization, representative democracy, as form of government, rose to become the pre-eminent tool to organize societies in the northern hemisphere.This work looks at some key thinkers and intersections representative democracy was shaped by.It then elaborates briefly on the current state of representative democracy and its future prospects.
Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - General and Theories of International Politics, grade: 1,2, University of Leicester, language: English, abstract: Marxist International Relations (IR) theory is fundamental to the discipline. Its distinct approaches are neither strictly positivist, nor post-positivist but derive insights from both methodologies. Common elements in the Marxist tradition are imperialism, exploitation, capital accumulation and expansion, as well as hegemony. Materialist approaches, i.e. those which privilege how natural resource endowment, geography, military capability, or technology influence the structure of international relations (Baylis et al. 2008:583) are prevalent.
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