Bøger af Dogan Ibrahim

The Raspberry Pi Pico and Pico W are based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides spacious memory, the Pico and Pico W offer many GPIO pins, and popular peripheral interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, PWM, timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor.The Raspberry Pi Pico W additionally includes an on-board Infineon CYW43439 Bluetooth and Wi-Fi chipset. At the time of writing this book, the Bluetooth firmware was not yet available. Wi-Fi is however fully supported at 2.4 GHz using the 802.11b/g/n protocols.This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico W in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all of the 60+ working and tested projects covering the following topics:Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PCTimer interrupts and external interruptsAnalogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projectsUsing the internal temperature sensor and external sensor chipsUsing the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chipsDatalogging projectsPWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projectsUsing Bluetooth, WiFi, and apps to communicate with smartphonesDigital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projectsAll projects are tried & tested. They can be implemented on both the Raspberry Pi Pico and Raspberry Pi Pico W, although the Wi-Fi-based subjects will run on the Pico W only. Basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects. The full program listings of all the projects discussed in the book may be downloaded free of charge from www.elektor.com/20335.

Although much classical HF and mobile equipment is still in use by large numbers of amateurs, the use of computers and digital techniques has now become very popular among amateur radio operators. Nowadays, anyone can purchase a EUR4 Raspberry Pi Pico computer and develop many amateur radio projects using the "Pico" and some external components. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts, Electronic Engineering students, and anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi Pico to shape their electronic projects. The book is suitable for beginners in electronics as well as for those with wide experience.Step-by-step installation of the MicroPython programming environment is described. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is helpful to be able to comprehend and modify the projects given in the book. The book introduces the Raspberry Pi Pico and gives examples of many general-purpose, software-only projects that familiarize the reader with the Python programming language. In addition to the software-only projects tailored to the amateur radio operator, Chapter 6 in particular presents over 36 hardware-based projects for "hams", including:Station mains power on/off controlRadio station clockGPS based station geographical coordinatesRadio station temperature and humidityVarious waveform generation methods using software and hardware (DDS)Frequency counterVoltmeter / ammeter / ohmmeter / capacitance meterRF meter and RF attenuatorsMorse code exercisersRadioStation Click boardRaspberry Pi Pico based FM radioUsing Bluetooth and Wi-Fi with Raspberry Pi PicoRadio station security with RFIDAudio amplifier module with rotary encoder volume controlMorse decoderUsing the FS1000A TX-RX modules to communicate with ArduinoAll programs discussed in this publication are available from the book's resources and information web page at www.elektor.com/20041.

The core of the book explains the use of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W running the Python programming language, always in simple terms and backed by many tested and working example projects. On part of the reader, familiarity with the Python programming language and some experience with one of the Raspberry Pi computers will prove helpful. Although previous electronics experience is not required, some knowledge of basic electronics is beneficial, especially when venturing out to modify the projects for your own applications.Over 30 tested and working hardware-based projects are given in the book, covering the use of Wi-Fi, communication with smartphones and with a Raspberry Pi Pico W computer. Additionally, there are Bluetooth projects including elementary communication with smartphones and with the popular Arduino Uno. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are key features of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W.Some of the topics covered in the book are:Raspberry Pi OS installation on an SD cardPython program creation and execution on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 WSoftware-only examples of Python running on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 WHardware-based projects including LCD and Sense HAT interfacingUDP and TCP Wi-Fi based projects for smartphone communicationUDP-based project for Raspberry Pi Pico W communicationFlask-based webserver projectCloud storage of captured temperature, humidity, and pressure dataTFT projectsNode-RED projectsInterfacing to AlexaMQTT projectsBluetooth-based projects for smartphone and Arduino Uno communicationsAll programs discussed in this book are contained in an archive file you can download free of charge from the Elektor website www.elektor.com/20445.

The aim of this book is to teach the basic principles of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and to introduce it from a practical point of view using the bare minimum of mathematics. Only the basic level of discrete-time systems theory is given, sufficient to implement DSP applications in real time. The practical implementations are described in real time using the highly popular ESP32 DevKitC microcontroller development board. With the low cost and extremely popular ESP32 microcontroller, you should be able to design elementary DSP projects with sampling frequencies within the audio range. All programming is done using the popular Arduino IDE in conjunction with the C language compiler.After laying a solid foundation of DSP theory and pertinent discussions on the main DSP software tools on the market, the book presents the following audio-based sound and DSP projects:Using an I²S-based digital microphone to capture audio soundUsing an I²S-based class-D audio amplifier and speakerPlaying MP3 music stored on an SD card through an I²S-based amplifier and speakerPlaying MP3 music files stored in ESP32 flash memory through an I²S-based amplifier and speakerMono and stereo Internet radio with I²S-based amplifiers and speakersText-to-speech output with an I²S-based amplifier and speakerUsing the volume control in I²S-based amplifier and speaker systemsA speaking event counter with an I²S-based amplifier and speakerAn adjustable sinewave generator with I²S-based amplifier and speakerUsing the Pmod I²S2 24-bit fast ADC/DAC moduleDigital low-pass and band-pass real-time FIR filter design with external and internal A/D and D/A conversionDigital low-pass and band-pass real-time IIR filter design with external and internal A/D and D/A conversionFast Fourier Transforms (FFT)

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller development system encompassing hardware, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a vast number of libraries. It is supported by an enormous community of programmers, electronic engineers, enthusiasts, and academics. The libraries in particular really smooth Arduino programming and reduce programming time. What's more, the libraries greatly facilitate testing your programs since most come fully tested and working.The Raspberry Pi 4 can be used in many applications such as audio and video media devices. It also works in industrial controllers, robotics, games, and in many domestic and commercial applications. The Raspberry Pi 4 also offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability which makes it great for remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications.This book is about using both the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications. The book starts with basic theory of the control systems and feedback control. Working and tested projects are given for controlling real-life systems using PID controllers. The open-loop step time response, tuning the PID parameters, and the closed-loop time response of the developed systems are discussed together with the block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PID controller algorithms, and the full program listings for both the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino Uno.The projects given in the book aim to teach the theory and applications of PID controllers and can be modified easily as desired for other applications. The projects given for the Raspberry Pi 4 should work with all other models of Raspberry Pi family.The book covers the following topics:Open-loop and closed-loop control systemsAnalog and digital sensorsTransfer functions and continuous-time systemsFirst-order and second-order system time responsesDiscrete-time digital systemsContinuous-time PID controllersDiscrete-time PID controllersON-OFF temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino UnoPID-based temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino UnoPID-based DC motor control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino UnoPID-based water level control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino UnoPID-based LED-LDR brightness control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino UnoThe full program listings of all the projects discussed in the book may be downloaded free of charge from www.elektor.com/20274.

The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications.This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board:Onboard LEDs and buttonsExternal LEDs and buttonsUsing analog-to-digital convertersI²C projectsSPI projectsUART projectsExternal interrupts and timer interruptsUsing the onboard microphoneUsing the onboard cameraConvolutional Neural Network

STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular STM32CubeIDE software with the Nucleo-L476RG development board. In the early Chapters of the book the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described.The book covers many projects using most features of the Nucleo-L476RG development board where the full software listings for the STM32CubeIDE are given for each project together with extensive descriptions. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules, devices, and libraries such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, SPI, LCD, DMA, analogue inputs, power management, X-CUBE-MEMS1 library, DEBUGGING, and others. In addition, several projects are given using the popular Nucleo Expansion Boards. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and provide sensors, relays, accelerometers, gyroscopes, Wi-Fi, and many others. Using an expansion board together with the X-CUBE-MEMS1 library simplifies the task of project development considerably.All the projects in the book have been tested and are working. The following sub-headings are given for each project: Project Title, Description, Aim, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, and Program Listing for the STM32CubeIDE. In this book you will learn about STM32 microcontroller architecture;the Nucleo-L476RG development board in projects using the STM32CubeIDE integrated software development tool;external and internal interrupts and DMA;DEBUG, a program developed using the STM32CubeIDE;the MCU in Sleep, Stop, and in Standby modes;Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards. What you need a PC with Internet connection and a USB port;STM32CubeIDE software (available at STMicroelectronics website free of charge)the project source files, available from the book's webpage hosted by Elektor;Nucleo-L476RG development board;simple electronic devices such as LEDs, temperature sensor, I²C and SPI chips, and a few more;Nucleo Expansion Boards (optional).

Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel.This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs.The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects:ForkThreadThreadingSubprocessMultiprocessingThe book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.