Bøger af El Hassane Sidibé

Hyperthyroidism is characterised by increased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland, whereas thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones, irrespective of the source. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, followed by toxic nodular goitre. Other important causes of thyrotoxicosis include thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, and factitious ingestion of excess thyroid hormones. Treatment options for Graves' disease include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery, whereas antithyroid drugs are not generally used long term in toxic nodular goitre, because of the high relapse rate of thyrotoxicosis after discontinuation. ¿ blockers are used in symptomatic thyrotoxicosis, and might be the only treatment needed for thyrotoxicosis not caused by excessive production and release of the thyroid hormones. Thyroid storm and hyperthyroidism in pregnancy and during the post-partum period are special circumstances that need careful assessment and treatment.

Many peptides by their cell molecular metabolism in the thyroid gland are involved : mutations of TSH receptor is linked to hormone resistance with congenital hypothyroidism. ; a new oroxigenic peptide, Ghrelin is widespread in endocrine tissues ; tachykinine is another novel peptide with endocrine paracrine effect. PTTG and FGF-2 are prognostic markers of differentiated cancers ; CRIF1 is a novel protein of nucleus interacting with Gadd45 and could negatively regulate cycle cell progression and cell growth ; mutations of RET protooncogene is now the best CMT biomarker in the place of calcitonin in addition with CGRP, CGRP¿ and Amylin ; regulating proteins of CAMP, protein G, Gi alpha 1, MAL proteolipid are identified near immunologic antigens involved in Grave¿s disease, autoimmune polyendocrinopathies.These peptides by their diversity of function support the concept of general endocrinology equivalent of medical sciences.

Many peptides by their cell molecular metabolism in the thyroid gland are involved : mutations of TSH receptor is linked to hormone resistance with congenital hypothyroidism. ; a new oroxigenic peptide, Ghrelin is widespread in endocrine tissues ; tachykinine is another novel peptide with endocrine paracrine effect. PTTG and FGF-2 are prognostic markers of differentiated cancers ; CRIF1 is a novel protein of nucleus interacting with Gadd45 and could negatively regulate cycle cell progression and cell growth ; mutations of RET protooncogene is now the best CMT biomarker in the place of calcitonin in addition with CGRP¿, CGRP¿ and Amylin ; regulating proteins of CAMP, protein G, Gi alpha 1, MAL proteolipid are identified near immunologic antigens involved in Grave¿s disease, autoimmune polyendocrinopathies.These peptides by their diversity of function support the concept of general endocrinology equivalent of medical sciences.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease; its main clinical characteristic is hyperglycaemia. The last century has been characterised by remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to hyperglycaemia. The central role of insulin in glucose metabolism regulation was clearly demonstrated during the early 1920s, when Banting, Best, Collip and Macleod successfully reduced blood glucose levels and glycosuria in a patient treated with a substance purified from bovine pancreata. The next 30 years were characterised by pivotal progress in the field of immunology that were instrumental in demonstrating an immune-mediated loss of insulin-secreting ¿-cells in subjects with 'insulin-dependent' diabetes. With the advancement of our cellular and molecular understanding of diabetes, a more pathophysiological classification that overcomes the historical and simple 'glucocentric' view could result in a better patient phenotyping and therapeutic approach.

Many peptides by their molecular metabolism in the thyroid gland cell are involved: mutations of the TSH receptor are a source of TSH resistance with congenital hypothyroidism. A new oroxigenic peptide, Ghrelin, is diffused in the body and with tachykinin another new paracrine endocrine factor peptide; PTTG and FGF-2 are prognostic markers of differentiated thyroid cancers; CRIF1 is a new core protein that interacts with Gadd45 and may play a role in the negative regulation of the cell cycle of progression and growth ; protooncongenic RET mutations have become the marker of medullary thyroid cancer supplanting calcitonin to which should be added CGRP, CGRP¿ and amylin; regulatory proteins binding cyclic AMP, G protein, Gi alpha 1, MAL proteolipid protein are identified alongside immunological antigens active in Basedow's disease, autoimmune polyendocrinopathies.These peptides, by the diversity of their function, argue in favour of the medical science concept of equivalent general endocrinology.