Bøger af Fernand Braudel

This general reader's history of the ancient mediterranean combines a thorough grasp of the scholarship of the day with an great historian's gift for imaginative reconstruction and inspired analogy. Extensive notes allow the reader to appreciate thestate of scholarship at the time of writing, the scale and breadth of Braudel's learning and the points where orthodoxy has changed, sometimes vindicating Braudel, sometimes proving him wrong. Above all the book offers us the chance to situate Braudel's mediterranean, born of a lifetime's love and knowledge, more clearly in the climates of the sea's history.

Written from a consciously anti-enthnocentric approach, this fascinating work is a survey of the civilizations of the modern world in terms of the broad sweep and continuities of history, rather than the "event-based" technique of most other texts.

Focuses on the Mediterranean world in the second half of the sixteenth century, ranging back in history to the world of Odysseus and forward to our time, moving out from the Mediterranean area to the New World and other destinations of Mediterranean traders.

In the fifteenth century, even before the city states of the Apennine Peninsula began to coalesce into what would become, several centuries later, a nation, "Italy" exerted enormous influence over all of Europe and throughout the Mediterranean. Its cultural, economic, and political dominance is utterly astonishing and unique in world history. Viewing the Italy--the many Italies--of that time through the lens of today allows us to gather a fragmented, multi-faceted and seemingly contradictory history into a single unifying narrative that speaks to our current reality as much as it does to a specific historical period. This is what the acclaimed French historian, Fernand Braudel, achieves here. He brings to life the two extraordinary centuries that span the Renaissance, Mannerism, and the Baroque and analyzes the complex interaction between art, science, politics and commerce during Italy's extraordinary cultural flowering.

Frontmatter -- Préface -- BIBLIOGRAPHIE -- Orientation générale et méthode -- Conjoncture, structures, systèmes de civilisations -- Réflexions sur la « crise de l'ancien type » « Inégalité des récoltes » et « sous-développement » -- Feu François Simiand ? -- L'étude de la mobilité sociale Quelques problèmes de méthode -- Histoire sociale et histoire urbaine A la recherche d'une méthode* -- A propos du Kathedersozialismus -- L'expérience américaine Un cas unique ? -- Conjoncture économique -- Conjoncture et production du cuivre dans les Vosges méridionales à la fin du XVIe et au début du XVIIe siècle -- Consommation, investissements, mouvements de capitaux en Castille aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles -- La draperie languedocienne dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle Contribution à l'étude de la conjoncture levantine -- Le mouvement saisonnier des prix du froment et du maïs à Pordenone (fin XVIIe-début XIXe siècle) -- Comment les ouvriers parisiens voyaient la crise d'après l'enquête parlementaire de 1884 -- La grève des cheminots de 1910 Une tentative d'approche -- La soudure du blé en France en 1942 et en 1943 -- Structures et conjoncture -- Conjoncture économique et structure sociale en Amérique latine depuis l'époque coloniale -- L'émigration portugaise du XVe siècle à nos jours Histoire d'une constante structurale -- Les mystères de la croissance Soixante-trois paroisses d'Ile-de-France de 1717 à 1784 -- Recherches sur la production d'armements en France, 1815-1913 -- Structures et conjoncture Houille et métallurgie en France au début du XXe siècle -- Structures économiques structures sociales -- Les paysans français du XVIe siècle -- Un bourg de Sicile entre XVIe et XVIIe siècle : Gangi -- Sociétés rurales françaises du XVIIIe siècle Vingt paysanneries contrastées Quelques problèmes -- Bourgeoisie et capitalisme à Strasbourg au XVIIIe siècle Sources et position des problèmes -- Structure du commerce extérieur et évolution industrielle de la France à la fin du XVIIIe siècle -- Les États généraux de 1789 Deux bailliages élisent leurs députés -- Les structures bourgeoises en France à l'époque contemporaine Évolution ou permanence? -- Bourgeoisie ancienne et esprit d'entreprise au temps de la « révolution industrielle » d'après un exemple départemental -- Les structures sociales du régime censitaire -- Structures sociales dans les villes bas-normandes au XIXe siècle -- Fonction révolutionnaire de la classe ouvrière et ouvriérisme -- Peuple ou classe ouvrière ? Un quartier de l'East End au XIXe siècle -- Table des matières

A grand sweep of history by the late Fernand Braudelone of the twentieth centurys most influential historiansMemory and the Mediterranean chronicles the Mediterraneans immeasurably rich past during the foundational period from prehistory to classical antiquity, illuminating nothing less than the bedrock of our civilization and the very origins of Western culture.Essential for historians, yet written explicitly for the general reader, this magnificent account of the ebb and flow of cultures shaped by the Mediterranean takes us from the great seas geologic beginnings through the ancient civilizations that flourished along its shores. Moving with ease from Mesopotamia and Egypt to the flowering of Crete and the early Aegean peoples, and culminating in the prodigious achievements of ancient Greece and Rome, Braudel conveys in absorbing detail the geography and climate of the region over the course of millennia while brilliantly explaining the larger forces that gave rise to agriculture, writing, sea travel, trade, and, ultimately, the emergence of empires. Impressive in scope and gracefully written, Memory and the Mediterranean is an endlessly enriching work of history by a legend in the field.

Focuses on the development of mechanisms of exchange - shops, markets, trade networks, and banking - in the pre-industrial stages of capitalism.

A translation of Fernand Braudel's "Ecrits sur l'histoire", published in 1969. The main themes of the work include: the importance of a "rapprochement" between history and the social sciences; the inseparability of study of past and present; and the dubious value of the narrative techniques.